scholarly journals Message Framing and Exercise Effects in Mobile Fitness Application: Repeated Measure Design and Playtest Experimental Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Persuasive Messages ◽  
Exercise Behaviors ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Perceived Benefit ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

BACKGROUND The ultimate goals of exercise contents in the form of apps are to manage and nurture users’ exercise habits. To promote and maintain their desire for exercise, app developers focus not only on the utilization of various media characteristics for fitness apps, but also on the composition and effects of messages that stimulate and reward users’ exercise behaviors. OBJECTIVE This study sought to verify differences in user experiences and exercise experiences depending on the message framing provided by a mobile fitness app, based on evaluation of the variables of perceived benefit, exercise interest, exercise flow, and exercise attitude. METHODS The research was designed following the repeated measures design and the playtest method, in which experiments were repeated multiple times for the same group based on the type of message on the fitness app (male 50, female 50). This enabled effective verification of the difference between experimental treatments. Participants were instructed to use two types of fitness app that presented gain or loss messages about exercise outcomes while performing exercises. Thereafter, they were surveyed with a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS Users who were exposed to gain-framed messages in the mobile fitness app showed higher perceived benefit, exercise interest, and exercise flow than those who were exposed to loss-framed messages. Furthermore, gain-framed messages also led to a positive attitude toward exercise. CONCLUSIONS The present study is meaningful due to its investigation of the influences and persuasive effects of gain- and loss-framed messages given by a health fitness app. This study, which demonstrated that gain-framed messages enhanced the exercise experiences of users compared to loss-framed messages when persuasive messages were presented through a health functional app, provides a theoretical foundation for health message framing in exercise apps.

scholarly journals Foods for Health: An Integrated Social Medical Approach to Food Insecurity Among Patients With Diabetes

2020 ◽  
pp. 089011712096414
Author(s):  
Jonathan L. Blitstein ◽  
Danielle Lazar ◽  
Kathleen Gregory ◽  
Colleen McLoughlin ◽  
Linda Rosul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Purpose: Examine a clinic-based approach to improve food security and glycemic control among patients with diabetes. Design: One-group repeated-measures design. Setting: Federally Qualified Health Centers in a large Midwest city. Sample: Of the 933 patients with diabetes who consented at baseline, 398 (42.66%) returned during the follow-up period for a visit that included Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) results. Intervention: Integrated social medicine approach that includes food insecurity screening, nutrition education, and assistance accessing food resources as a standard-of-care practice designed to minimize disruptions in how patients and providers experience medical care. Measures: HbA1c collected as part of a standard blood panel. Analysis: Repeated-measure, mixed-effect linear regression models. Results: There was a decrease in mean HbA1c (Δ = −0.22, P = 0.01) over the study period. The model examining change over time, glycemic control (GC), and food security status (F1, 352 = 5.80, P = 0.02) indicated that among participants with poor GC (33.12%), food secure (FS) participants exhibited significantly greater levels of improvement than food insecure (FI) participants (Δ = −0.55, P = 0.04). Among participants with good GC, changes in HbA1c were not significantly different between FS and FI participants (Δ = 0.23, P = 0.21). Conclusion: Providing nutrition education and food assistance improved HbA1c profiles among FS and FI participants, but FI participants may face social and structural challenges that require additional support from health care teams.

Visual Word Recognition in Two Facial Motion Conditions: Full-Face Versus Lips-Plus-Mandible

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1387-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn K. Marassa ◽  
Charissa R. Lansing
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Video Sequences ◽  
Exposure Condition ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Open Set ◽  
Full Face ◽  
Face Exposure ◽  
Exposure Conditions

The present study used a new method to develop video sequences that limited exposure of facial movement. A repeated-measures design was used to investigate the visual recognition of 60 monosyllabic spoken words, presented in an open set format, for two face exposure conditions (full-face vs. lips-plus-mandible). Twenty-six normal hearing college students and 4 adults with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss speechread a video laserdisc presentation of a male talker under the two face exposure conditions. Percent phoneme correct scores were similar in the part-face and full-face conditions. However, scores significantly improved for the repeated measure independent of the face exposure condition observed. The results suggested that speechreaders (a) can recognize monosyllabic words in video sequences that provide information only about movements of the lips-plus-mandible region and (b) are sensitive to practice effects.

Initial-Fit Approach Versus Verified Prescription: Comparing Self-Perceived Hearing Aid Benefit

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 768-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey B. Abrams ◽  
Theresa H. Chisolm ◽  
Megan McManus ◽  
Rachel McArdle
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Hearing Aid Fitting ◽  
Fitting Method ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Perceived Benefit ◽  
Eta Squared ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hearing Aid Benefit

Background: Despite evidence suggesting inaccuracy in the default fittings provided by hearing aid manufacturers, the use of probe-microphone measures for the verification of fitting accuracy is routinely used by fewer than half of practicing audiologists. Purpose: The present study examined whether self-perception of hearing aid benefit, as measured through the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB; Cox and Alexander, 1995), differed as a function of hearing aid fitting method, specifically, manufacturer's initial-fit approach versus a verified prescription. The prescriptive fit began at NAL-NL1 targets, with adjustments based on participant request. Each of the two fittings included probe-microphone measurement. Research Design: A counterbalanced, cross-over, repeated-measures, single-blinded design was utilized to address the research objectives. Study Sample: Twenty-two experienced hearing aid users from the general Bay Pines VA Healthcare System audiology clinic population were randomized into one of two intervention groups. Intervention: At the first visit, half of the participants were fit with new hearing aids via the manufacturer's initial fit while the second half were fit to a verified prescription using probe-microphone measurement. After a wear period of 4–6 wk, the participants' hearing aids were refit via the alternate method and worn for an additional 4–6 wk. Participants were blinded to the method of fitting by utilizing probe-microphone measures with both approaches. Data Collection and Analysis: The APHAB was administered at baseline and at the end of each intervention trial. At the end of the second trial period, the participants were asked to identify which hearing aid fitting was “preferred.” The APHAB data were subjected to a general linear model repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: For the three APHAB communication subscales (i.e., Ease of Communication, Reverberation, and Background Noise) mean scores obtained with the verified prescription were higher than those obtained with the initial-fit approach, indicating greater benefit with the former. The main effect of hearing aid fitting method was statistically significant [F (1, 21) = 4.69, p = 0.042] and accounted for 18% of the variance in the data (partial eta squared = 0.183). Although the mean benefit score for the APHAB Aversiveness subscale was also better (i.e., lower) for the verified prescription than the initial-fit approach, the difference was not statistically significant. Of the 22 participants, 7 preferred their hearing aids programmed to initial-fit settings and 15 preferred their hearing aids programmed to the verified prescription. Conclusions: The data support the conclusion that hearing aids fit to experienced hearing aid wearers using a verified prescription are more likely to yield better self-perceived benefit as measured by the APHAB than if fit using the manufacturer's initial-fit approach.

scholarly journals Effect of Trataka (Yogic Visual Concentration) on the Performance in the Corsi-Block Tapping Task: A Repeated Measures Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Swathi ◽  
Raghavendra Bhat ◽  
Apar Avinash Saoji
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Measure Analysis ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Repeated Measure Analysis ◽  
The Difference

Background and Objective: Attention and memory are essential aspects of cognitive health. Yogasanas, pranayama, and meditation have shown to improve cognitive functions. There has been no assessment of Trataka (yogic visual concentration) on working or on spatial memory. The present study was planned to assess the immediate effects of Trataka and of eye exercise sessions on the Corsi-block tapping task (CBTT).Methods: A total of 41 healthy volunteers of both genders with age 23.21 ± 2.81 years were recruited. All participants underwent baseline assessment, followed by 2 weeks of training in Trataka (including eye exercise). Each training session lasted for 20 min/day for 6 days a week. After completion of the training period, a 1-week washout period was given. Each participant then was assessed in two sessions in Trataka and in eye exercise on two separate days, maintaining the same time of the day. Repeated measure analysis of variance with Holm’s adjustment was performed to check the difference between the sessions.Results: Significant within-subjects effects were observed for forward Corsi span andforward total score (p < 0.001), and also for backward Corsi span (p < 0.05) and backward total score (p < 0.05). Post hoc analyses revealed Trataka session to be better than eye exercises and baseline. The eye exercise session did not show any significant changes in the CBTT.Conclusion: The result suggests that Trataka session improves working memory, spatial memory, and spatial attention.

scholarly journals Differences in Sensation Level between the Widex SoundTracker and Two Real-Ear Analyzers

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (08) ◽  
pp. 660-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi Oeding ◽  
Michael Valente
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sensation Level ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Background: SoundTracker is an algorithm in Widex's Compass fitting software that could potentially be used to estimate a patient's aided sensation level (SL). SoundTracker's accuracy of estimating a patient's SL has never been verified in comparison to SL measured with commercially available real-ear analyzers. Purpose: Determine whether statistically significant differences are present between the estimated SL of the Widex SoundTracker software application and the measured SL of the Audioscan Verifit and Frye 6500 real-ear analyzers at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. Research Design: This study used a randomized repeated measures design to determine differences in SL between SoundTracker and the Verifit and 6500. Study Sample: Ten subjects (N = 20 ears) were recruited who were experienced users of behind-the-ear hearing aids with conventional vented earmolds and had bilateral sensorineural hearing loss that was >30 dB HL below 1000 Hz and ≤70 dB HL to 4000 Hz. Data Collection and Analysis: Real-ear in-situ thresholds (dB sound pressure level [SPL]) and real-ear aided responses (REAR; dB SPL) were measured at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz to determine differences in SL between SoundTracker, Verifit, and 6500. A three-factor repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to determine differences between method (real-ear analyzers and SoundTracker), analyzer (Verifit and 6500), and frequency (500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz). Results: Mean differences in measured SL for the Verifit and 6500 were ≤2 dB when compared to the estimated SL using SoundTracker. A statistically significant difference in SL was present between the Verifit and SoundTracker at 2000 Hz (p < 0.01), but no significant differences were present at 500, 1000, and 4000 Hz. A statistically significant difference in SL was present between the 6500 and SoundTracker at 4000 Hz (p < 0.01), but no significant differences were present at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz. Mean differences in measured SL between the real-ear analyzers (difference of SoundTracker SL minus Verifit SL compared to the difference of SoundTracker SL minus 6500 SL) were ≤2 dB with a statistically significant difference present at 2000 Hz (p < 0.01), but no statistically significant differences were present at 500, 1000, or 4000 Hz. Conclusions: Nearly 85% of the differences between the estimated SoundTracker SL and the measured SLs of the Verifit and 6500 were ≤2 dB. Despite some limitations of this study, SoundTracker could be useful as a counseling tool to illustrate to patients which sounds are audible or inaudible when unaided and aided.

Caffeine and theanine exert opposite effects on attention under emotional arousal

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace E. Giles ◽  
Caroline R. Mahoney ◽  
Tad T. Brunyé ◽  
Holly A. Taylor ◽  
Robin B. Kanarek
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Difference Scores ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Film Clips ◽  
The Difference

Tea is perceived as more relaxing than coffee, even though both contain caffeine. L-theanine in tea may account for the difference. Consumed together, caffeine and theanine exert similar cognitive effects to that of caffeine alone, but exert opposite effects on arousal, in that caffeine accentuates and theanine mitigates physiological and felt stress responses. We evaluated whether caffeine and theanine influenced cognition under emotional arousal. Using a double-blind, repeated-measures design, 36 participants received 4 treatments (200 mg caffeine + 0 mg theanine, 0 mg caffeine + 200 mg theanine, 200 mg caffeine + 200 mg theanine, 0 mg caffeine + 0 mg theanine) on separate days. Emotional arousal was induced by highly arousing negative film clips and pictures. Mood, salivary cortisol, and visual attention were evaluated. Caffeine accentuated global processing of visual attention on the hierarchical shape task (p < 0.05), theanine accentuated local processing (p < 0.05), and the combination did not differ from placebo. Caffeine reduced flanker conflict difference scores on the Attention Network Test (p < 0.05), theanine increased difference scores (p < 0.05), and the combination did not differ from placebo. Thus, under emotional arousal, caffeine and theanine exert opposite effects on certain attentional processes, but when consumed together, they counteract the effects of each other.

Unreliability of Difference Scores: A Clarification of the Issues

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 931-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Leeb ◽  
Sharon Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
T Test ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Difference Scores ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Power Of The Test ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

This paper is an attempt to clarify several recent issues that have been raised concerning the unreliability of difference scores. Articles by Overall and Woodward (1975, 1976) and Fleiss (1976) are considered. The conclusions of these articles are shown to be incomplete and to some extent misleading. We begin by noting that within the context of a repeated-measures design, when the reliability of difference scores is other than zero, there exists an interaction of subject by treatment. This interaction will imply the existence of at least one additional systematic variable which contributes to the experimental results. We argue that without specific knowledge about the mean and variance of this systematic variable the interpretation of mean changes across pretest and posttest is ambiguous. With complete knowledge of all variables affecting the experimental situation, the power of the t test on difference scores is directly related to both the individual reliabilities of the separate pretest and posttests and the reliability of the difference scores as long as interaction of subject by treatment is constant across experiments. If, on the other hand, that interaction is not constant across experiments, then the power of the test on difference scores is inversely related to the reliability of the difference scores as long as the individual reliabilities of the pretests and posttests are constant across experiments. Since it is much more reasonable to make the assumption that the interaction is constant across experiments rather than individual test reliabilities, it is more reasonable to conclude that, contrary to Overall and Woodward, power of the t test for difference scores is directly related to the reliability of the difference scores.

scholarly journals phase1RMD: An R package for repeated measures dose-finding designs with novel toxicity and efficacy endpoints

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256391
Author(s):  
Jun Yin ◽  
Yu Du ◽  
Rui Qin ◽  
Shihao Shen ◽  
Sumithra Mandrekar
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Real Life ◽  
R Package ◽  
Dose Finding ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Late Treatment

Traditional dose-finding designs are substantially inefficient for targeted agents and cancer immunotherapies by failing to incorporate efficacy signals, mild and moderate adverse events, and late, cumulative toxicities. However, the lack of user-friendly software is a barrier to the practical use of the novel phase I designs, despite their demonstrated superiority of traditional 3+3 designs. To overcome these barriers, we present an R package, phase1RMD, which provides a comprehensive implementation of novel designs with repeated toxicity measures and early efficacy. A novel phase I repeated measures design that used a continuous toxicity score from multiple treatment cycles was implemented. Furthermore, in studies where preliminary efficacy is evaluated, an adaptive, multi-stage design to identify the most efficacious dose with acceptable toxicity was demonstrated. Functions are provided to recommend the next dose based on the data collected in a phase I trial, as well as to assess trial characteristics given design parameters via simulations. The repeated measure designs accurately estimated both the magnitude and direction of toxicity trends in late treatment cycles, and allocated more patients at therapeutic doses. The R package for implementing these designs is available from the Comprehensive R Archive Network. To our best knowledge, this is the first software that implement novel phase I dose-finding designs that simultaneously accounts for the multiple-grade toxicity events over multiple treatment cycles and a continuous early efficacy outcome. With the software published on CRAN, we will pursue the implementation of these designs in phase I trials in real-life settings.

Effect of sleep and circadian cycle on sleep period energy expenditure

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 830-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Fraser ◽  
J. Trinder ◽  
I. M. Colrain ◽  
I. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Specific Dynamic Action ◽  
Circadian Cycle ◽  
Sleep Period ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Times

Energy expenditure is lower during sleep than relaxed wakefulness. However, there is disagreement as to the particular metabolic changes that produce the difference. The present study assessed the contribution of sleep, circadian cycle, and the specific dynamic action effect of the evening meal to the sleep period fall in metabolic rate. Five subjects were tested for a total of nine nights under three conditions in a repeated-measures design. Subjects were confined to bed throughout their usual sleep period but were instructed to go to sleep 0, 3, or 6 h after their usual time for lights out. O2 consumption was measured in all conditions for the 0.5 h before and after each of the times for lights out and then throughout the sleep period after lights out. The results demonstrated that changes in energy expenditure during the sleep period are a function of both sleep and circadian cycle. In this study, the contribution of the two components was approximately equal. However, the effect of sleep was rapid asymptoting within 15 min of sleep onset, whereas that of circadian cycle was constant over the assessment period.

Normative Versus Baseline Paradigms for Detecting Neuropsychological Impairment Following Sports-Related Concussion

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Dominic Hinton-Bayre
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Reliable Change Index ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Negative Change ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Comparison Data

Objective: Obtaining baseline neuropsychological (NP) data to assist management of sports-related concussion has been considered the standard of care. The validity of this approach has been questioned, with suggestions that post-concussion testing alone will suffice. The present study compared the sensitivity of baseline and normative paradigms in the setting of sports-related concussion.Method: Baseline NP data were collected for 194 Australian rugby league athletes on a brief battery of paper-and-pencil NP tests. During competition, 27 athletes sustaining concussion referred from a sports physician were retested within two days of injury. Twenty-six uninjured controls were assessed at similar intervals. The baseline paradigm was assessed using a reliable change index for pre- and post-concussion scores. The normative paradigm was assessed comparing the post-concussion score to a normative mean.Results: The baseline paradigm was consistently more sensitive to negative change following concussion than the normative paradigm when using continuous data, despite reasonable agreement. However, when data were categorised as ‘impaired’ or ‘not-impaired’, using either 68% or 90% confidence intervals, the difference between paradigms failed to reach significance. Comparison of ROC curves for both paradigms found superior overall classification for one test and the composite score using baseline comparison data.Conclusions: Despite being a time and resource intensive process, the baseline paradigm as a repeated-measures design may be more sensitive than the between-subjects design of the normative paradigm for detecting changes following concussion. Further work is required to determine the validity of normative assessment in sports-related concussion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document