Cardiovascular disease in the literature: A selection of recent original research papers (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadi Hage
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Health Science ◽  
World Health ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Investigational Therapies

UNSTRUCTURED Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been declared a pandemic with devastating effects on the entire world. Madjid et al. from the University of Texas Health Science, Houston, Texas review current information on the virus and COVID-19 and its effects on the cardiovascular system. Coronaviruses, classified in 4 groups, were first identified in humans in the 1960s with 4 types (all from the α and β classes) are endemic in humans usually causing mild and self-limiting upper respiratory infections accounting for 15-30% of common colds. Both SARS (caused by SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS, caused by MERS-CoV) caused outbreaks (in 2002 and 2012, respectively) that had higher fatality rates but were much less widespread than COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is genetically more similar to SARS-CoV (82%) than MERS-CoV (50%). The virus has a mean incubation period of 5.2 days (95%CI, 4.1-7.0 days), with the 95th percentile of the distribution at 12.5 days according to one study and up to 14 days according to another. The World Health Organization reported a global mortality rate of 3.4% but importantly, this rate varies by location, intensity of transmission, variations of care, presence of comorbidities (including cardiovascular disease), advanced age, and likely other factors. The primary symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Acute cardiac injury determined by elevated high-sensitivity troponin levels is commonly observed in severe cases and is strongly associated with mortality, complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, arrhythmia, renal injury, and coagulopathy. There has been reported cases of viral infiltration of the myocardium causing myocarditis. Myocardial injury can also be caused by ischemia. It is important to note that COVID-19 in addition to inducing new cardiac pathologies (such as myocarditis) may also exacerbate pre-existing cardiovascular disease. Finally, some of the investigational therapies for COVID-19 may have cardiovascular effects. Current treatment, until investigational therapies have been shown to be effective, is supportive care and treatment of complications. The article offers a wonderful review of current knowledge on COVID-19 as well as a review of SARS and MERS which provide further insights on the effects of coronaviruses on the cardiovascular system.

scholarly journals Sexual health and COVID-19: protocol for a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Navin Kumar ◽  
Kamila Janmohamed ◽  
Kate Nyhan ◽  
Laura Forastiere ◽  
Wei-Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Abstract Background Global responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have exposed and exacerbated existing socioeconomic and health inequities that disproportionately affect the sexual health and well-being of many populations, including people of color, ethnic minority groups, women, and sexual and gender minority populations. Although there have been several reviews published on COVID-19 and health disparities across various populations, none has focused on sexual health. We plan to conduct a scoping review that seeks to fill several of the gaps in the current knowledge of sexual health in the COVID-19 era. Methods A scoping review focusing on sexual health and COVID-19 will be conducted. We will search (from January 2020 onwards) CINAHL, Africa-Wide Information, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, Gender Studies Database, Gender Watch, Global Health, WHO Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease Database, WHO Global Index Medicus, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Sociological Abstracts. Grey literature will be identified using Disaster Lit, Google Scholar, governmental websites, and clinical trials registries (e.g., ClinicalTrial.gov, World Health Organization, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Registry). Study selection will conform to the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual 2015 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. Only English language, original studies will be considered for inclusion. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. A narrative summary of findings will be conducted. Data analysis will involve quantitative (e.g., frequencies) and qualitative (e.g., content and thematic analysis) methods. Discussion Original research is urgently needed to mitigate the risks of COVID-19 on sexual health. The planned scoping review will help to address this gap. Systematic review registrations Systematic Review Registration: Open Science Framework osf/io/PRX8E

scholarly journals Sexual health and COVID-19: Protocol for a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navin Kumar ◽  
Kamila Janmohamed ◽  
Kate Nyhan ◽  
Laura Forastiere ◽  
Wei-Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Abstract Background: Global responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have exposed and exacerbated existing socioeconomic and health inequities that disproportionately affect the sexual health and well-being of many populations, including people of color, ethnic minority groups, women, and sexual and gender minority populations. Although there have been several reviews published on COVID-19 and health disparities across various populations, none have focused on sexual health. We plan to conduct a scoping review that seeks to fill several of the gaps in the current knowledge of sexual health in the COVID-19 era.Methods: A scoping review focusing on sexual health and COVID-19 will be conducted. We will search (from January 2020 onwards) CINAHL, Africa-Wide Information, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, Gender Studies Database, Gender Watch, Global Health, WHO Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease Database, WHO Global Index Medicus, PsycINFO, MEDLINE and Sociological Abstracts. Grey literature will be identified using Disaster Lit, Google Scholar, governmental websites and clinical trials registries (e.g. ClinicalTrial.gov, World Health Organization, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and International Standard Randomized Con-trolled Trial Number registry). Study selection will conform to Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual 2015 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. Only English language, original studies will be considered for inclusion. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. A narrative summary of findings will be conducted. Data analysis will involve quantitative (e.g. frequencies) and qualitative (e.g. content and thematic analysis) methods.Discussion: Original research is urgently needed to mitigate the risks ofCOVID-19 on sexual health. The planned scoping review will help to address this gap.

scholarly journals Possible effects of coronavurus infection (COVID-19) on the cardiovascular system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
VN Larina ◽  
MG Golovko ◽  
VG Larin
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections

Acute viral respiratory infections can increase the risk of progression of a pre-existing condition, including a cardiovascular pathology. Life-threatening complications of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) necessitate research into the cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 crucial for developing adequate treatment strategy for infected patients, especially those of advanced age. This article reviews the literature on the clinical and functional characteristics of patients with COVID-19, including those with poor outcomes. The article looks at the pathophysiological processes occurring in the cardiovascular system in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection, risk factors and death predictors. It also discusses continuation of therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers in patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Effects of Caffeic Acid and Its Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Silva ◽  
Nuno Miguel F. Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Vasorelaxant Activity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Caffeic acid (CA) and its phenethyl ester (CAPE) are naturally occurring hydroxycinnamic acids with an interesting array of biological activities; e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and cytostatic. More recently, several synthetic analogs have also shown similar properties, and some with the advantage of added stability. The actions of these compounds on the cardiovascular system have not been thoroughly explored despite presenting an interesting potential. Indeed the mechanisms underlying the vascular effects of these compounds particularly need clarifying. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review on current knowledge about CA and its derivatives in the cardiovascular system. Caffeic acid, CAPE and the synthetic caffeic acid phenethyl amide (CAPA) exhibit vasorelaxant activity by acting on the endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Vasorelaxant mechanisms include the increased endothelial NO secretion, modulation of calcium and potassium channels, and modulation of adrenergic receptors. Together with a negative chronotropic effect, vasorelaxant activity contributes to lower blood pressure, as several preclinical studies show. Their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties contribute to an important anti-atherosclerotic effect, and protect tissues against ischemia/reperfusion injuries and the cellular dysfunction caused by different physico-chemical agents. There is an obvious shortage of in vivo studies to further explore these compounds’ potential in vascular physiology. Nevertheless, their favorable pharmacokinetic profile and overall lack of toxicity make these compounds suitable for clinical studies.

scholarly journals The Covid-19 Effects on the Cardiovascular System; A Focus on Myocarditis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Praise Chovwen ◽  
◽  
Ibukunoluwa Oshobu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Preventive Care ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
System A ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Care And Treatment ◽  
The Relationship

The WHO declared COVID 19 a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. The effect the virus has created in various aspects of our lives has made it of primary importance that we understand its pathophysiology, complication, preventive care, and treatment. A significant number of COVID patients develop some form of cardiac injury, whether while infected or after recovery. In this article, we aim to discuss these aspects and expand further on the cardiovascular effects seen in COVID 19 infected patients, emphasizing myocarditis. We discuss the case of a patient who developed cardiac injuries while infected with COVID 19, which she contacted 18 days after receiving the first dose of the COVID mRNA vaccine. This article provides more understanding of the relationship between COVID-19 and the heart.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease and COVID-19: Insight From Cases With Heart Failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yi ◽  
Yanan Xu ◽  
Haibing Jiang ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
System Activation

Recent evidence indicates that a large proportion of deaths from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be attributed to cardiovascular disease, including acute myocardial infarction, arrhythmias and heart failure. Indeed, severe infection increases the risk of heart failure among patients with COVID-19. In most patients, heart failure arises from complex interactions between pre-existing conditions, cardiac injury, renin-angiotensin system activation, and the effects of systemic inflammation on the cardiovascular system. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding pathogen-driven heart failure occurring during treatment for COVID-19, the potential effects of commonly used cardiovascular and anti-infective drugs in these patients, and possible directions for establishing a theoretical basis for clinical treatment.

scholarly journals Beneficial and Adverse Effects of Testosterone on the Cardiovascular System in Men

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 4300-4310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes B. Ruige ◽  
D. Margriet Ouwens ◽  
Jean-Marc Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Ventricular Function ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Aging Men

Context: The widespread use of T therapy, particularly in aging males, necessitates knowledge of the relationship between T and the cardiovascular system. Evidence Acquisition: The review is based on a 1970 to 2013 PubMed search with terms related to androgens in combination with cardiovascular disease, including T, dihydrotestosterone, trial, mortality, cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, blood pressure, endothelial function, dyslipidemia, thrombosis, ventricular function, and arrhythmia. Original articles, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and relevant citations were screened. Evidence Synthesis: Low T has been linked to increased blood pressure, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia, thrombosis, endothelial dysfunction, as well as to impaired left ventricular function. On the one hand, a modest association is suggested between low endogenous T and incident cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular mortality, implying unrecognized beneficial T effects, residual confounding, or a relationship with health status. On the other hand, treatments with T to restore “normal concentrations” have so far not been proven to be beneficial with respect to cardiovascular disease; neither have they definitely shown specific adverse cardiovascular effects. The cardiovascular risk-benefit profile of T therapy remains largely evasive in view of a lack of well-designed and adequately powered randomized clinical trials. Conclusions: The important knowledge gap as to the exact relationship between T and cardiovascular disease would support a cautious, restrained approach to T therapy in aging men, pending clarification of benefits and risks by adequately powered clinical trials of sufficient duration.

scholarly journals C1q Complement/Tumor Necrosis Factor-Associated Proteins in Cardiovascular Disease and COVID-19

Proteomes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Yaoli Xie ◽  
Zhijun Meng ◽  
Jia Gao ◽  
Caihong Liu ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Necrosis Factor

With continually improving treatment strategies and patient care, the overall mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been significantly reduced. However, this success is a double-edged sword, as many patients who survive cardiovascular complications will progress towards a chronic disorder over time. A family of adiponectin paralogs designated as C1q complement/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-associated proteins (CTRPs) has been found to play a role in the development of CVD. CTRPs, which are comprised of 15 members, CTRP1 to CTRP15, are secreted from different organs/tissues and exhibit diverse functions, have attracted increasing attention because of their roles in maintaining inner homeostasis by regulating metabolism, inflammation, and immune surveillance. In particular, studies indicate that CTRPs participate in the progression of CVD, influencing its prognosis. This review aims to improve understanding of the role of CTRPs in the cardiovascular system by analyzing current knowledge. In particular, we examine the association of CTRPs with endothelial cell dysfunction, inflammation, and diabetes, which are the basis for development of CVD. Additionally, the recently emerged novel coronavirus (COVID-19), officially known as severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been found to trigger severe cardiovascular injury in some patients, and evidence indicates that the mortality of COVID-19 is much higher in patients with CVD than without CVD. Understanding the relationship of CTRPs and the SARS-CoV-2-related damage to the cardiovascular system, as well as the potential mechanisms, will achieve a profound insight into a therapeutic strategy to effectively control CVD and reduce the mortality rate.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2508
Author(s):  
Ajit Magadum ◽  
Raj Kishore
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Central Function ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Plaque Destabilization ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

SARS-CoV-2 induced the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, the most significant medical challenge in the last century. COVID-19 is associated with notable increases in morbidity and death worldwide. Preexisting conditions, like cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, are correlated with higher severity and a significant increase in the fatality rate of COVID-19. COVID-19 induces multiple cardiovascular complexities, such as cardiac arrest, myocarditis, acute myocardial injury, stress-induced cardiomyopathy, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmias and, subsequently, heart failure (HF). The precise mechanisms of how SARS-CoV-2 may cause myocardial complications are not clearly understood. The proposed mechanisms of myocardial injury based on current knowledge are the direct viral entry of the virus and damage to the myocardium, systemic inflammation, hypoxia, cytokine storm, interferon-mediated immune response, and plaque destabilization. The virus enters the cell through the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor and plays a central function in the virus’s pathogenesis. A systematic understanding of cardiovascular effects of SARS-CoV2 is needed to develop novel therapeutic tools to target the virus-induced cardiac damage as a potential strategy to minimize permanent damage to the cardiovascular system and reduce the morbidity. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of COVID-19 mediated damage to the cardiovascular system.

scholarly journals Red blood cell dysfunction: a new player in cardiovascular disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 115 (11) ◽  
pp. 1596-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Pernow ◽  
Ali Mahdi ◽  
Jiangning Yang ◽  
Zhichao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Respiratory Gases ◽  
Therapeutic Possibilities

AbstractThe primary role of red blood cells (RBCs) is to transport oxygen to the tissues and carbon dioxide to the lungs. However, emerging evidence suggests an important role of the RBC beyond being just a passive carrier of the respiratory gases. The RBCs are of importance for redox balance and are actively involved in the regulation of vascular tone, especially during hypoxic and ischaemic conditions by the release of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity and adenosine triphosphate. The role of the RBC has gained further interest after recent discoveries demonstrating a markedly altered function of the cell in several pathological conditions. Such alterations include increased adhesion capability, increased formation of reactive oxygen species as well as altered protein content and enzymatic activities. Beyond signalling increased oxidative stress, the altered function of RBCs is characterized by reduced export of NO bioactivity regulated by increased arginase activity. Of further importance, the altered function of RBCs has important implications for several cardiovascular disease conditions. RBCs have been shown to induce endothelial dysfunction and to increase cardiac injury during ischaemia-reperfusion in diabetes mellitus. Finally, this new knowledge has led to novel therapeutic possibilities to intervene against cardiovascular disease by targeting signalling in the RBC. These novel data open up an entirely new view on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms behind the cardiovascular disease processes in diabetes mellitus mediated by the RBC. This review highlights the current knowledge regarding the role of RBCs in cardiovascular regulation with focus on their importance for cardiovascular dysfunction in pathological conditions and therapeutic possibilities for targeting RBCs in cardiovascular disease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document