scholarly journals Searching PubMed to Retrieve Publications on the COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparative Analysis of Search Strings (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey V Lazarus ◽  
Adam Palayew ◽  
Lauge Neimann Rasmussen ◽  
Tue Helms Andersen ◽  
Joey Nicholson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Text ◽  
National Library ◽  
Search String ◽  
Fast Speed ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Single Term ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Better Than

BACKGROUND Since it was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020, COVID-19 has dominated headlines around the world and researchers have generated thousands of scientific articles about the disease. The fast speed of publication has challenged researchers and other stakeholders to keep up with the volume of published articles. To search the literature effectively, researchers use databases such as PubMed. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of different searches for COVID-19 records in PubMed and to assess the complexity of searches required. METHODS We tested PubMed searches for COVID-19 to identify which search string performed best according to standard metrics (sensitivity, precision, and F-score). We evaluated the performance of 8 different searches in PubMed during the first 10 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic to investigate how complex a search string is needed. We also tested omitting hyphens and space characters as well as applying quotation marks. RESULTS The two most comprehensive search strings combining several free-text and indexed search terms performed best in terms of sensitivity (98.4%/98.7%) and F-score (96.5%/95.7%), but the single-term search COVID-19 performed best in terms of precision (95.3%) and well in terms of sensitivity (94.4%) and F-score (94.8%). The term Wuhan virus performed the worst: 7.7% for sensitivity, 78.1% for precision, and 14.0% for F-score. We found that deleting a hyphen or space character could omit a substantial number of records, especially when searching with SARS-CoV-2 as a single term. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive search strings combining free-text and indexed search terms performed better than single-term searches in PubMed, but not by a large margin compared to the single term COVID-19. For everyday searches, certain single-term searches that are entered correctly are probably sufficient, whereas more comprehensive searches should be used for systematic reviews. Still, we suggest additional measures that the US National Library of Medicine could take to support all PubMed users in searching the COVID-19 literature.

scholarly journals Searching PubMed to Retrieve Publications on the COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparative Analysis of Search Strings

10.2196/23449 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. e23449
Author(s):  
Jeffrey V Lazarus ◽  
Adam Palayew ◽  
Lauge Neimann Rasmussen ◽  
Tue Helms Andersen ◽  
Joey Nicholson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Text ◽  
National Library ◽  
Search String ◽  
Fast Speed ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Single Term ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Better Than

Background Since it was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020, COVID-19 has dominated headlines around the world and researchers have generated thousands of scientific articles about the disease. The fast speed of publication has challenged researchers and other stakeholders to keep up with the volume of published articles. To search the literature effectively, researchers use databases such as PubMed. Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of different searches for COVID-19 records in PubMed and to assess the complexity of searches required. Methods We tested PubMed searches for COVID-19 to identify which search string performed best according to standard metrics (sensitivity, precision, and F-score). We evaluated the performance of 8 different searches in PubMed during the first 10 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic to investigate how complex a search string is needed. We also tested omitting hyphens and space characters as well as applying quotation marks. Results The two most comprehensive search strings combining several free-text and indexed search terms performed best in terms of sensitivity (98.4%/98.7%) and F-score (96.5%/95.7%), but the single-term search COVID-19 performed best in terms of precision (95.3%) and well in terms of sensitivity (94.4%) and F-score (94.8%). The term Wuhan virus performed the worst: 7.7% for sensitivity, 78.1% for precision, and 14.0% for F-score. We found that deleting a hyphen or space character could omit a substantial number of records, especially when searching with SARS-CoV-2 as a single term. Conclusions Comprehensive search strings combining free-text and indexed search terms performed better than single-term searches in PubMed, but not by a large margin compared to the single term COVID-19. For everyday searches, certain single-term searches that are entered correctly are probably sufficient, whereas more comprehensive searches should be used for systematic reviews. Still, we suggest additional measures that the US National Library of Medicine could take to support all PubMed users in searching the COVID-19 literature.

scholarly journals A literature review of drugs for the treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Clement ◽  
Satish Jankie ◽  
Shalini Pooransingh ◽  
Diane Ignacio ◽  
Avril Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
The Us ◽  
Repurposed Drugs ◽  
Robust Evidence ◽  
Food And Drugs Administration ◽  
Better Than

Objectives: To review the published evidence of repurposed drugs, antivirals and biologics for the treatment of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted in several databases and research portals. Search terms included COVID-19, SARS-Cov-2, MERS, MERS-CoV, SARS, SARS-CoV, coronavirus, beta-coronavirus, influenza, pneumonia and several drugs considered for use in COVID-19. Results: There is a paucity of clinical evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of most agents being considered for the treatment of COVID-19. However, based on promising preliminary research the US Food and Drugs Administration has authorized the emergency use of hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir for hospitalized COVID-19 patients. To date, the most robust evidence for lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV/r) found that it was no better than standard care. Overwhelming evidence suggests that corticosteroids increase mortality, nosocomial infections and lengthen hospitalization in SARS and MERS patients, and should be used cautiously in patients with severe respiratory symptoms. Additionally, low level evidence suggests that tocilizumab may be useful to reduce the cytokine storm precipitated by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions: Hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir have surged to the front of the race to repurpose drugs in the fight against COVID-19. With hundreds of ongoing trials it is envisaged that indisputable evidence would be provided for prophylactic and therapeutic use of drugs and biologics within the next few months. However, in our setting it would be worthwhile to consider the availability and accessibility of some of these agents.

Chapter II. The World Economy

1988 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
R.J. Barrell ◽  
Fiona Eastwood
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Bank Intervention ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Us Dollar ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Better Than

Between June and July the dollar rose by around 5 per cent against the other major currencies, despite central bank intervention to hold the dollar down. There have been two major factors behind this strength. Firstly, the US trade figures improved in April and May and were considerably better than the market had anticipated. This reflected both some reduction in the volume and value of imports and an increase in the level of exports. Sentiment towards the US dollar has also been affected by the strength of growth in the other major industrial economies.

scholarly journals Stroke types and management

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 3715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lujain Alrabghi ◽  
Raghad Alnemari ◽  
Rawan Aloteebi ◽  
Hamad Alshammari ◽  
Mustafa Ayyad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accidents ◽  
The Third ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
The World ◽  
Comprehensive Search

Strokes are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the world, in fact the third leading cause after heart diseases and cancer. Additionally, among the survivors of stroke, one-third suffers from permanent disabilities. Strokes can be classified broadly as ischemic and hemorrhagic, which account for 80% and 20% of total respectively. The prognosis of cerebrovascular accidents depends on quick diagnosis of the type, followed by appropriate and fast management. We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE, from January 1982 to March 2017. The following search terms were used: stroke, cerebrovascular accidents, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, stroke types, management of stroke, rehabilitation, CVA prevention. The most critical part about approaching a stroke patient is to identify the type of stroke, whether hemorrhagic or ischemic, as each type requires a different guideline of management. Also, time is the key in preserving neuronal function and preventing further damage. At the same time, the general population must be educated about methods of preventing stroke by making positive lifestyle changes.

scholarly journals “Deal of the Century” in the Crosshairs of the Us, Russia, Israel, and Palestine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
G. V. Mirzayan
Keyword(s):  
Holy Land ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
New Approach ◽  
World Community ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Palestinian Population ◽  
Better Than

The Deal of a Century is a new approach to resolving Palestinian-Israeli conflicts proposed by Donald Trump. The world community has not accepted this approach. Immediately after its announcement, the plan was criticized by several journalists, experts, and politicians almost in every country of the world. And this criticism is in some cases justified — Deal of a Century is indeed cynical and risky. If it is realized Israel comes under severe pressure, even from those countries with which it was able to normalize relations. Besides, we can see a real uprising of the Palestinian population, deprived of its land, holy sites and citizenship. However, one cannot but admit that the traditional methods of resolving the PalestinianIsraeli settlement (based on the principle of compromise) led the process to a standstill. They do not work — simply because the Palestinian side does not need a realistic compromise. And perhaps in this situation, the policy of forcing a compromise pursued, by Donald Trump, is the only possible way to achieve peace in the Holy Land. Maybe not immediately, possibly through a temporary surge of violence. But a horrible end is always better than a horror without the end.

Chapter II. The World Economy

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Better Than

There is no doubt now that the turn of the year was also a turning-point for the world economy, the low point for OECD countries' aggregate industrial production coming in December. In all seven major countries total output rose in the first quarter (if the official seasonal adjustments are to be believed), whereas in all but Japan it had fallen in the final quarter of 1982. But an increasingly marked contrast has emerged between rapid recovery in North America, where economic growth in the US reached an annual rate of 8½ per cent in the second quarter, and what seems to be little better than stagnation after an early weather-assisted spurt in continental Western Europe. Japan and the UK occupy an intermediate position.

scholarly journals OpenVIVO: Transparency in Scholarship

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Ilik ◽  
Michael Conlon ◽  
Graham Triggs ◽  
Melissa Anne Haendel ◽  
Kristi L. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Open Data ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Grid Data ◽  
National Library ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
Access To Data ◽  
Web Platform

OpenVIVO is a free and open hosted semantic web platform anyone can join that gathers and shares open data about scholarship in the world. OpenVIVO, based on the VIVO open source platform, provides transparent access to data about the scholarly work of its participants. OpenVIVO demonstrates the use of persistent identifiers, automatic real-time ingest of scholarly ecosystem metadata, use of VIVO-ISF and related ontologies, attribution of work, and publication and reuse of data – all critical components of presenting, preserving, and tracking scholarship. The system was created by a cross-institutional team over the course of three months. The team created and used RDF models for research organizations in the world based on Digital Science GRID data, for academic journals based on data from CrossRef and the US National Library of Medicine, and created a new model for attribution of scholarly work. All models, data and software are available in open repositories.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology of cataracts

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 3668
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alamri ◽  
Alaa Alsammahi ◽  
Majid Alharbi ◽  
Hamad Alshammari ◽  
Mousa Alshehri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The World ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
The Impact

Cataracts result in significant vision reduction. It is estimated that cataract was responsible for the morbidity of 10.8 million people (of overall 32.4 million blind people around the world), and 35.1 million people (of overall 191 million vision impaired people around the world). It is also the most common cause of blindness in many countries, including Saudi Arabia. We tried to understand, in details, the pathogenesis of cataracts, with special focus on how ageing is a contributory factor in its development. We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE from January 1970 to March 2017. The following search terms were used: cataracts, pathogenesis of cataracts, pathophysiology in cataracts, ageing lens, aging and vision loss, lens degeneration. Cataracts heavily impacts the vision, thereby, the lives of individuals suffering from it. Due to its large prevalence, the impact on economy is large too. Although surgery is very promising, newer approach is focusing on its pathophysiology to emphasize on preventive options. Several changes, including oxidative stress, reduction in reductive enzymes, lens elasticity, and specific age related degeneration play major roles in its pathophysiology.

Searching for new Sources of growth. Are the Developing Countries Catching up with the Developed ones?

2015 ◽  
pp. 30-53
Author(s):  
V. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The West ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Divergence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relative Standing

This paper examines the trajectory of growth in the Global South. Before the 1500s all countries were roughly at the same level of development, but from the 1500s Western countries started to grow faster than the rest of the world and PPP GDP per capita by 1950 in the US, the richest Western nation, was nearly 5 times higher than the world average and 2 times higher than in Western Europe. Since 1950 this ratio stabilized - not only Western Europe and Japan improved their relative standing in per capita income versus the US, but also East Asia, South Asia and some developing countries in other regions started to bridge the gap with the West. After nearly half of the millennium of growing economic divergence, the world seems to have entered the era of convergence. The factors behind these trends are analyzed; implications for the future and possible scenarios are considered.

Russian Policy of Agriculture Support and the Necessity of Its Modification after WTO Accession

2012 ◽  
pp. 132-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Uzun
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Wto Accession ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Agriculture Support

The article deals with the features of the Russian policy of agriculture support in comparison with the EU and the US policies. Comparative analysis is held considering the scales and levels of collective agriculture support, sources of supporting means, levels and mechanisms of support of agricultural production manufacturers, its consumers, agrarian infrastructure establishments, manufacturers and consumers of each of the principal types of agriculture production. The author makes an attempt to estimate the consequences of Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization based on a hypothesis that this will result in unification of the manufacturers and consumers’ protection levels in Russia with the countries that have long been WTO members.

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