scholarly journals A Suite of Mobile Conversational Agents for Daily Stress Management (Popbots): Mixed Methods Exploratory Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Louis Mauriello ◽  
Nantanick Tantivasadakarn ◽  
Marco Antonio Mora-Mendoza ◽  
Emmanuel Thierry Lincoln ◽  
Grace Hon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Management ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Coping Resources ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Conversational Agents ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Web

BACKGROUND Approximately 60%-80% of the primary care visits have a psychological stress component, but only 3% of patients receive stress management advice during these visits. Given recent advances in natural language processing, there is renewed interest in mental health chatbots. Conversational agents that can understand a user’s problems and deliver advice that mitigates the effects of daily stress could be an effective public health tool. However, such systems are complex to build and costly to develop. OBJECTIVE To address these challenges, our aim is to develop and evaluate a fully automated mobile suite of shallow chatbots—we call them Popbots—that may serve as a new species of chatbots and further complement human assistance in an ecosystem of stress management support. METHODS After conducting an exploratory Wizard of Oz study (N=14) to evaluate the feasibility of a suite of multiple chatbots, we conducted a web-based study (N=47) to evaluate the implementation of our prototype. Each participant was randomly assigned to a different chatbot designed on the basis of a proven cognitive or behavioral intervention method. To measure the effectiveness of the chatbots, the participants’ stress levels were determined using self-reported psychometric evaluations (eg, web-based daily surveys and Patient Health Questionnaire-4). The participants in these studies were recruited through email and enrolled on the web, and some of them participated in follow-up interviews that were conducted in person or on the web (as necessary). RESULTS Of the 47 participants, 31 (66%) completed the main study. The findings suggest that the users viewed the conversations with our chatbots as helpful or at least neutral and came away with increasingly positive sentiment toward the use of chatbots for proactive stress management. Moreover, those users who used the system more often (ie, they had more than or equal to the median number of conversations) noted a decrease in depression symptoms compared with those who used the system less often based on a Wilcoxon signed-rank test (W=91.50; Z=−2.54; <i>P</i>=.01; <i>r</i>=0.47). The follow-up interviews with a subset of the participants indicated that half of the common daily stressors could be discussed with chatbots, potentially reducing the burden on human coping resources. CONCLUSIONS Our work suggests that suites of shallow chatbots may offer benefits for both users and designers. As a result, this study’s contributions include the design and evaluation of a novel suite of shallow chatbots for daily stress management, a summary of benefits and challenges associated with random delivery of multiple conversational interventions, and design guidelines and directions for future research into similar systems, including authoring chatbot systems and artificial intelligence–enabled recommendation algorithms.

scholarly journals Lessons learnt during the implementation of a web-based triage tool for Dutch intensive care follow-up clinics

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e021249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilse van Beusekom ◽  
Ferishta Bakhshi-Raiez ◽  
Nicolette F de Keizer ◽  
Dave A Dongelmans ◽  
Marike van der Schaaf
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Quality Registry ◽  
Email Address ◽  
National Quality ◽  
The Web ◽  
Screening Software ◽  
National Quality Registry

ObjectivesScreening for symptoms of postintensive care syndrome is based on a long list of questionnaires, filled out by the intensive care unit (ICU) survivor and manually reviewed by the health professional. This is an inefficient and time-consuming process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a web-based triage tool and to compare the outcomes from web-based questionnaires to those from paper-based questionnaires.DesignA mixed-methods study.SettingNine Dutch ICU follow-up clinics.Participants221 ICU survivors and 14 health professionals.InterventionsA web-based triage tool was implemented by nine ICU follow-up clinics. End users, that is, health professionals were interviewed in order to evaluate the feasibility of the triage tool. ICU survivors were invited to fill out web-based questionnaires 3 months after hospital discharge.Primary outcomesOutcomes of the questionnaires were merged with clinical data from a national quality registry to assess the differences in outcomes between paper-based and web-based questionnaires.Results221 ICU survivors received an invitation to fill out questionnaires, 93 (42.1%) survivors did not respond to the invitation. Respondents to the web-based questionnaires (n=54) were significantly younger and had a significantly longer ICU stay than those who preferred the paper-based questionnaires (n=74). The prevalence of mental, physical and nutritional problems was high, although comparable between the groups. Health professionals’ interviews revealed that the software was complex to use (n=8) and although emailing survivors is very convenient, not all survivors have an email address (n=7).ConclusionsWeb-based screening software has major benefits compared with paper-based screening. However, implementation has shown to be rather difficult and there are important barriers to consider. Although different in age, the health status is comparable between the users of the web-based questionnaire and paper-based questionnaire.

Physicians’ Choice in Using Internet and Fax for Patient Recruitment and Follow-up in a Randomized Controlled Trial

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (03) ◽  
pp. 268-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Morita ◽  
T. Fukui ◽  
J. Sakamoto ◽  
M. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Web

Summary Objective: To examine the physicians’ preference between Web and fax-based remote data entry (RDE) system for an ongoing randomized controlled trial (RCT) in Japan. Methods: We conducted a survey among all the collaborating physicians (n = 512) of the CASE-J (Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan) trial, who have been recruiting patients and sending follow-up data using the Web or a fax-based RDE system. The survey instrument assessed physicians’ choice between Web and fax-based RDE systems, their practice pattern, and attitudes towards these two modalities. Results: A total of 448 (87.5%) responses were received. The proportions of physicians who used Web, fax, and the combination of these two were 45.9%, 33.3% and 20.8%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that physicians 55 years or younger [odds ratio (OR) = 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-3.3] and regular users of computers (OR = 4.2, 95% CI = 2.1-8.2) were more likely to use the Web-based RDE system. Conclusions: This information would be useful in designing an RCT with a Web-based RDE system in Japan and abroad.

scholarly journals Virtual Reality and Web-Based Growth Mindset Interventions for Adolescent Depression: Protocol for a Three-Arm Randomized Trial (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Lee Schleider ◽  
Michael C Mullarkey ◽  
John R Weisz
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Growth Mindset ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Web

BACKGROUND Depression is the leading cause of disability in youth, with a global economic burden of US >$210 billion annually. However, up to 70% of youth with depression do not receive services. Even among those who do access treatment, 30% to 65% fail to respond and many dropout prematurely, demonstrating a need for more potent, accessible interventions. In a previous trial, a single-session Web-based growth mindset (GM) intervention significantly reduced depressive symptoms in high-symptom adolescents; however, this intervention did not benefit adolescents uniformly. For instance, the intervention reduced depression in adolescents who reported post intervention increases in perceived control, but it did not lead to significant depression reductions in adolescents who reported no significant post intervention increases in perceived control. OBJECTIVE The goal of this project is to test the acceptability and efficacy of a novel, single-session, virtual reality (VR) depression intervention—the VR Personality Project—teaching GM, the belief that personal attributes are malleable rather than fixed. The VR Personality Project was designed to systematically target and increase adolescents’ perceived control by offering a more immersive, engaging, user-directed intervention experience than the Web-based intervention can provide. By targeting an identified predictor of intervention response, the VR Personality Project may lead to larger reductions in depressive symptoms than existing Web-based mindset interventions. METHODS Adolescents with elevated depressive symptoms or a recent history of depression (N=159; ages 12 to 16 years) will be randomized to one of 3 intervention conditions: the VR Personality Project; the Web-based GM intervention tested previously; or an active, Web-based control. Adolescents and their parents will report on the adolescents’ depression symptoms, perceived control, and related domains of functioning at preintervention, postintervention, and at 3- and 9-month follow-up assessments. RESULTS We predict that the VR and Web-based mindset interventions will both lead to larger reductions in adolescent symptoms than the control intervention. Additionally, we predict that the VR-based single session intervention will lead to larger reductions in depression than the online mindset intervention and that these symptom reductions will be mediated by increases in adolescents’ perceived control from pre- to postintervention. CONCLUSIONS The results may suggest an efficient strategy for reducing adolescent depressive symptoms: One that is mechanism-targeted, relatively affordable (less than US $200 for a commercially available VR headset, a fraction of the cost of long-term psychotherapy) and potentially engaging to adolescents experiencing mood-related distress. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT0385881; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03858881 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/78C3roDgA). INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR DERR1-10.2196/13368

15-Month Follow-Up Data on the Web-Based Autonomy-Supportive Intervention Program for PE Teachers

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Tilga ◽  
Hanna Kalajas-Tilga ◽  
Vello Hein ◽  
Lennart Raudsepp ◽  
Andre Koka
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Web ◽  
Supportive Intervention

scholarly journals Comparison of Self-Administered Web-Based and Interviewer Printed Food Frequency Questionnaires for Dietary Assessment in Italian Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Barchitta ◽  
Andrea Maugeri ◽  
Ottavia Agrifoglio ◽  
Giuliana Favara ◽  
Claudia La Mastra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Wilcoxon Rank Test ◽  
Italian Adolescents ◽  
The Web

Innovative tools for assessing food and nutrient intakes in adolescence are essential to uncover the long-term effects of diet on chronic diseases. Here, we developed and compared a web-based self-administered food frequency questionnaire (web-FFQ) with a traditional interviewer printed FFQ (print-FFQ) among 174 Italian adolescents (aged 15–18 years). To assess the reliability of the web-FFQ compared with the print-FFQ, we used Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients, Wilcoxon rank test, quartile misclassification analysis, Cohen’s weighted kappa and the Bland–Altman method. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.14 (i.e., pizza) to 0.67 (i.e., raw vegetables) for foods, and from 0.45 (i.e., monounsaturated fatty acids, MUFA) to 0.62 (i.e., zinc) for nutrients. Results from the Wilcoxon rank test showed that food and nutrient intakes were comparable between two FFQs, except for nuts, shellfish, fruit juices and MUFA. Adolescents classified into the same or adjacent quartiles ranged from 68.2% (i.e., tea) to 89.1% (i.e., raw vegetables and dipping sauces) for foods, and from 77.2% (i.e., vitamin C) to 87.2% (i.e., folate and calcium) for nutrients. Except for pizza, the weighted kappa indicated moderate to substantial agreement for other foods and nutrients. Finally, we demonstrated that the web-FFQ significantly overestimated shellfish and fruit juice intakes, while it underestimated nuts, canned fish, olive oil, total energy intake, fatty acids and calcium. The limits of agreement analysis indicated moderate to wide individual differences for all groups. In conclusion, our self-administered web-FFQ represents an easy, suitable and cost-effective tool for assessing food and nutrient intakes in adolescents. However, the wide individual differences in level of agreement suggest that additional refinements and calibrations are necessary to investigate the effects of absolute nutrient intakes at the individual level.

scholarly journals Feasibility of the Web-Based IDEAL CGM Training and Follow-Up Support Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study (Preprint)

JMIR Diabetes ◽  
10.2196/15410 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madison Brick Smith ◽  
Anastasia Albanese-O'Neill ◽  
Yingwei Yao ◽  
Diana J. Wilkie ◽  
Michael J. Haller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Support Intervention ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Web

scholarly journals Popbots—A Suite of Mobile Conversational Agents for Daily Stress Management: A Mixed Methods Exploratory Study (Preprint)

10.2196/25294 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Louis Mauriello ◽  
Nantanick Tantivasadakarn ◽  
Marco Antonio Mora-Mendoza ◽  
Emmanuel Thierry Lincoln ◽  
Grace Hon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Stress Management ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Conversational Agents ◽  
Daily Stress

Design Guidelines for Web-Based Courses

2000 ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zane L. Berge ◽  
Mauri Collins ◽  
Karen Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Web Environment ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Sound Effects ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Problem Solvers ◽  
The Web

Successful course creation for the Web environment means much more than the use of documents uploaded and electronically linked together. Course content should be designed specifically for use with an interactive, electronic medium that is capable of accommodating different types of audiovisual information (Porter, 1997, p. 128). This content can include video clips, animation, sound effects, music, voiceovers, photographs, drawings, and linked and unlinked pages. It means maintaining high standards of quality while promoting accessibility, motivation, and interactivity for students who are learning in this environment. Students in Web-based courses can become problem solvers involved in real-world problems as they take responsibility for their own learning.

scholarly journals Development of a Web-Based Monitoring System for Power Tilt-in-Space Wheelchairs: Formative Evaluation (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Campeau-Vallerand ◽  
François Michaud ◽  
François Routhier ◽  
Philippe S Archambault ◽  
Dominic Létourneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Formative Evaluation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Web Interface ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Wheelchair Users ◽  
The Web

BACKGROUND A power tilt-in-space wheelchair meets many clinical purposes, including pressure management, increased postural control, and pain management. However, there is a significant gap between the use of tilt as recommended by clinicians and its actual usage. A Web-based electronic health (eHealth) intervention, including a goal setting, monitoring, reminder, and feedback system of the use of power tilt-in-space wheelchairs was developed. The intervention incorporates behavior change principles to promote optimal use of tilt and to improve clinical postprocurement follow-up. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to conduct a formative evaluation of the intervention prototype to pinpoint the functionalities needed by end users, namely, power wheelchair users and clinicians. METHODS On the basis of an evaluation framework for Web-based eHealth interventions, semistructured interviews were conducted with power wheelchair users and clinicians. A content analysis was performed with a mix of emerging and a priori concepts. RESULTS A total of 5 users of power tilt-in-space wheelchairs and 5 clinicians who had experience in the field of mobility aids aged 23 to 55 years were recruited. Participants found the Web interface and the physical components easy to use. They also appreciated the reminder feature that encourages the use of the tilt-in-space and the customization of performance goals. Participants requested improvements to the visual design and learnability of the Web interface, the customization of reminders, feedback about specific tilt parameters, and the bidirectionality of the interaction between the user and the clinician. They thought the current version of the intervention prototype could promote optimal use of the tilt and improve clinical postprocurement follow-up. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the needs identified by power wheelchair users and clinicians regarding the prototype of a power tilt-in-space wheelchair monitoring system, 3 main directions were defined for future development of the intervention. Further research with new wheelchair users, manual tilt-in-space wheelchairs, various age groups, and family caregivers is recommended to continue the formative evaluation of the prototype.

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