Modeling and Optimization of the Sugar Extraction Process

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmat Sotudeh-Gharebagh ◽  
Hani Shamekhi ◽  
Navid Mostoufi ◽  
Hamid Reza Norouzi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Genetic Algorithm Method ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Sugar Extraction ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Sugar Loss

In this work, a mathematical model is first developed for the sugar extraction process under steady state conditions. The process takes place in a vertical tower in which hot water and beet cossettes are entered counter currently and the juice is enriched with sugar. The amount of sugar extracted and also the amount of sugar loss at the exit would be increased by an increase in the tower length, the beet residence time or the amount of fresh water consumed. However, this would lead to an increase in the amount of non-sugars within the extractor which is highly undesirable and requires much more in operating costs. To avoid this, the tower length and beet residence time should be at their optimal values in addition to draft, which is the percent ratio of raw juice extracted to the beet processed. This study determines these optimal values in a way to minimize the total operating costs based on the mathematical model using the genetic algorithm method. The results of this study can be used as a framework to optimize the performance of industrial extractors.

Numerical Modeling of Wet Cooling Towers—Part 1: Mathematical and Physical Models

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Majumdar ◽  
A. K. Singhal ◽  
D. B. Spalding
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The paper discusses the limitations of current practices of evaluating thermal performance of wet cooling towers and describes a more advanced mathematical model for mechanical and natural draft cooling towers. The mathematical model computes the two-dimensional distributions of: air velocity (two components); temperature, pressure, and moisture content; and water temperature. The downward direction of water flow is presumed. The local interphase heat and mass transfer rates are calculated from empirical correlations for which two options are provided. In the first option, only one constant (Ka, based on Merkel’s approximations) is employed; in the second option, two separate constants for heat and mass transfer are used. Boundary conditions can be either of the prescribed cooling range or of the prescribed hot water temperature types. The governing equations are solved by a finite difference method. The model is embodied into a computer code (VERA2D) which is applicable for the natural and mechanical draft towers of both the crossflow and counterflow arrangements. Several applications of the code are described in Part II of the paper.

scholarly journals Feasibility study of logging road elements plan

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
S.Yu. Sablin ◽  
◽  
A.V. Skrypnikov ◽  
V.G. Kozlov ◽  
V.S. Prokopets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
System A ◽  
Reduced Costs ◽  
Geometric Elements ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Further Development

The peculiarities of the research work are stated and the need for its further development is shown. Taking into account the structural links and limitations of the system, a mathematical model of the feasibility study of the total reduced costs of the route plan, the longitudinal profile and the width of the carriageway was compiled, which has a various amount of construction and operating costs reduced to the initial year in a predetermined search area. The objective function is determined, which is the main part of the mathematical model including all the elements and connections of the feasibility study of the timber haul roads elements. It is concluded that the search for the optimal combination of geometric elements and the timing of their change is an extreme task, and the best method for solving it is to determine the state of the system corresponding to the minimum value of the objective function, which is the sum of construction and operating costs reduced to the initial year.

scholarly journals Extraction Process of Intracellular Substance

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-166
Author(s):  
Vasil Dyachok ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Process Implementation ◽  
Kinetic Coefficients ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Kinetics Of

In this study the mathematical model of the extraction process from plant material is developed, taking into account the anatomical structure of plant material, namely the presence of cellular and intercellular spaces. The solution of the model enables to determine its kinetic coefficients Dc, Dt, process conditions, and predict the kinetics of the extraction process implementation in practice.

scholarly journals A new approach to the mathematical model of thermal energy balance

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 01028
Author(s):  
Elena Kitaytseva
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Hot Water Supply ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Weight Coefficients

Formation of balance of thermal energy and the heat carrier for a thermal network is carried out for the purpose of increase of efficiency of work of the heat supplying organization. The standard approach proposes to write off the difference between the released and realized heat energy for heat losses. The article proposes a new approach to the formation of the balance of thermal energy and coolant. It includes statistical analysis of telemetry data relating to the released thermal energy. Heat consumption was estimated by contractual load for heating, ventilation and hot water supply. In the mathematical model of the thermal balance for each term weight coefficients were introduced. To obtain the numerical values of these coefficients, the method of least squares was used. The results of checking the adequacy of mathematical models that take into account or neglect thermal losses are presented. The obtained coefficients for the mathematical model of heat balance were used for the mathematical model of mass balance. The results can be used to predict the cost of production and transmission of heat energy and coolant, to assess the efficiency of the heat network and the formation of tariff applications for the future.

scholarly journals High performance of excitation system for synchronous generator based on modeling analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2235-2243
Author(s):  
Yasir Abdulhafedh Ahmed ◽  
Yousif I. M. Al-Mashhadany ◽  
Mustafa Ahmed Nayyef
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Excitation System ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Modeling Analysis ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Mathematical Presentation

Mathematical description of electromechanical systems operation is powerful parameter to get high performance with practical implement of the systems. This paper describes a mathematical presentation for the behavior excitation system of synchronous generator based on the optimal values of the parameters. The study of the mathematical modeling for dynamics of excitation system required the knowledge for the effect of each parameter to get the typical values provided by the manufacturer implementing. The simulation of the final model which obtained was conducted on Matlab version 2019b. The final results of simulation for the mathematical model are satisfactory, and it proves the ability of independence this model as practical implement.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modelling and Operation Simulation of the Indirect Connection Scheme of the Heating Installation and of the Consumption Hot Water Preparation in an Accumulating Stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (2) ◽  
pp. 022077
Author(s):  
Danut Tokar ◽  
Sanda Mirela Toropoc ◽  
Rodica Frunzulica ◽  
Petrica Toma ◽  
Adriana Tokar
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Indirect Connection ◽  
Model And Simulation ◽  
Module Type ◽  
Quantity Of Heat ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Residential Consumers

Abstract This paper presents the mathematical model and simulation of a thermal system for heating and supplying hot water to industrial or residential consumers consisting of a heat exchanger on the heating circuit and a heat exchanger provided with an accumulation tank on the domestic hot water circuit, this scheme is generally adopted in the industrial thermal points and increasingly in module-type thermal points for residential consumers. The mathematical model is based on the mathematical equations describing this system and developed using the MATLAB - Simulink program. Thus, as a result of the simulations, we can see the evolutions in time of the water temperatures on the heating circuit and the domestic hot water circuit, as well as the quantity of heat delivered by them.

Reactive Extraction Using Moving Liquid Membranes - Mathematical Model Calibration Through Experiments

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2293-2306
Author(s):  
Daniel Dumitru Dinculescu ◽  
Cristiana Luminita Gijiu ◽  
Vasile Lavric
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Differential Algebraic Equations ◽  
Reactive Extraction ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
Orthogonal Collocation ◽  
Type Method ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Moving Liquid

A reactive extraction/back-extraction process was studied experimentally in a two-stage column. The mathematical model of the reactive extraction using a closed loop moving organic liquid membrane, based upon first principle equations, was derived as a set of Partial/Ordinary Differential Algebraic Equations (P/ODAE). The mathematical model, reduced through orthogonal collocation to a system of ODAE, was solved using a self-adaptive Runge-Kutta (RK)-type method. The mathematical model was calibrated using own batch experimental data and a modified genetic algorithm as optimizer.

DETERMINATION OF PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF THE TRUCK KrAZ-6510TE

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Olexandr Pavlenko ◽  
Serhii Dun ◽  
Maksym Skliar
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Military Vehicles ◽  
Force Magnitude ◽  
Vehicle Mobility ◽  
The Mathematical Model

In any economy there is a need for the bulky goods transportation which cannot be divided into smaller parts. Such cargoes include building structures, elements of industrial equipment, tracked or wheeled construction and agricultural machinery, heavy armored military vehicles. In any case, tractor-semitrailer should provide fast delivery of goods with minimal fuel consumption. In order to guarantee the goods delivery, tractor-semitrailers must be able to overcome the existing roads broken grade and be capable to tow a semi-trailer in off-road conditions. These properties are especially important for military equipment transportation. The important factor that determines a tractor-semitrailer mobility is its gradeability. The purpose of this work is to improve a tractor-semitrailer mobility with tractor units manufactured at PJSC “AutoKrAZ” by increasing the tractor-semitrailer gradeability. The customer requirements for a new tractor are determined by the maximizing the grade to 18°. The analysis of the characteristics of modern tractor-semitrailers for heavy haulage has shown that the highest rate of this grade is 16.7°. The factors determining the limiting gradeability value were analyzed, based on the tractor-semitrailer with a KrAZ-6510TE tractor and a semi-trailer with a full weight of 80 t. It has been developed a mathematical model to investigate the tractor and semi-trailer axles vertical reactions distribution on the tractor-semitrailer friction performances. The mathematical model has allowed to calculate the gradeability value that the tractor-semitrailer can overcome in case of wheels and road surface friction value and the tractive force magnitude from the engine. The mathematical model adequacy was confirmed by comparing the calculations results with the data of factory tests. The analysis showed that on a dry road the KrAZ-6510TE tractor with a 80 t gross weight semitrailer is capable to climb a gradient of 14,35 ° with its coupling mass full use condition. The engine's maximum torque allows the tractor-semitrailer to overcome a gradient of 10.45° It has been determined the ways to improve the design of the KrAZ-6510TE tractor to increase its gradeability. Keywords: tractor, tractor-semitrailer vehicle mobility, tractor-semitrailer vehicle gradeability.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF CAR PROPERTIES ON A PHYSICAL MODEL

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Oleksii Timkov ◽  
Dmytro Yashchenko ◽  
Volodymyr Bosenko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Remote Control ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Model Experiment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Motor Current ◽  
Memory Card ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The article deals with the development of a physical model of a car equipped with measuring, recording and remote control equipment for experimental study of car properties. A detailed description of the design of the physical model and of the electronic modules used is given, links to application libraries and the code of the first part of the program for remote control of the model are given. Atmega microcontroller on the Arduino Uno platform was used to manage the model and register the parameters. When moving the car on the memory card saved such parameters as speed, voltage on the motor, current on the motor, the angle of the steered wheel, acceleration along three coordinate axes are recorded. Use of more powerful microcontrollers will allow to expand the list of the registered parameters of movement of the car. It is possible to measure the forces acting on the elements of the car and other parameters. In the future, it is planned to develop a mathematical model of motion of the car and check its adequacy in conducting experimental studies on maneuverability on the physical model. In addition, it is possible to conduct studies of stability and consumption of electrical energy. The physical model allows to quickly change geometric dimensions and mass parameters. In the study of highway trains, this approach will allow to investigate the various layout schemes of highway trains in the short term. It is possible to make two-axle road trains and saddle towed trains, three-way hitched trains of different layout. The results obtained will allow us to improve not only the mathematical model, but also the experimental physical model, and move on to further study the properties of hybrid road trains with an active trailer link. This approach allows to reduce material and time costs when researching the properties of cars and road trains. Keywords: car, physical model, experiment, road trains, sensor, remote control, maneuverability, stability.

RESEARCH OF INDICATORS OF A VEHICLE WITH A DIESEL WORKING ON DIESEL AND DIESEL GAS CYCLES USING THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Serhii Kovbasenko ◽  
Andriy Holyk ◽  
Serhii Hutarevych
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Fuel System ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Diesel Cycle ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The features of an advanced mathematical model of motion of a truck with a diesel engine operating on the diesel and diesel gas cycles are presented in the article. As a result of calculations using the mathematical model, a decrease in total mass emissions as a result of carbon monoxide emissions is observed due to a decrease in emissions of nitrogen oxides and emissions of soot in the diesel gas cycle compared to the diesel cycle. The mathematical model of a motion of a truck on a city driving cycle according to GOST 20306-90 allows to study the fuel-economic, environmental and energy indicators of a diesel and diesel gas vehicle. The results of the calculations on the mathematical model will make it possible to conclude on the feasibility of converting diesel vehicles to using compressed natural gas. Object of the study – the fuel-economic, environmental and energy performance diesel engine that runs on dual fuel system using CNG. Purpose of the study – study of changes in fuel, economic, environmental and energy performance of vehicles with diesel engines operating on diesel and diesel gas cycles, according to urban driving cycle modes. Method of the study – calculations on a mathematical model and comparison of results with road tests. Bench and road tests, results of calculations on the mathematical model of motion of a truck with diesel, working on diesel and diesel gas cycles, show the improvement of environmental performance of diesel vehicles during the converting to compressed natural gas in operation. Improvement of environmental performance is obtained mainly through the reduction of soot emissions and nitrogen oxides emissions from diesel gas cycle operations compared to diesel cycle operations. The results of the article can be used to further develop dual fuel system using CNG. Keywords: diesel engine, diesel gas engine, CNG

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