scholarly journals Smoking Cessation and Lifestyle Changes

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Picone ◽  
Frank Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Daily Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

We used the first five waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to study three distinct but possibly interrelated phenomena: smoking cessation, changes in alcohol consumption, and changes in weight. The HRS is well suited for our study because it contains smoking and drinking behavior measures; weight; detailed financial, demographic, and health data; and health conditions existing at baseline and those newly occurring. Men who quit smoking within two years before the interview reduced daily alcohol consumption by about 0.1 to 0.15. Smoking cessation did not affect alcohol consumption for women. Unlike men, for whom there was no interaction between smoking cessation and problem drinking, female problem drinkers who quit smoking during the last two years reduced daily alcohol consumption by about 0.3 to 0.4 drinks per day on average, but the effect was only temporary. Quitting or starting heavy drinking had no effect on smoking cessation for either gender. Smoking cessation led to an increase in body mass index (BMI), both for men and for women. Furthermore, the effect increased with duration of smoking cessation. For men, BMI increased by 0.28 in the first two years after smoking cessation, but by almost 0.7 among male smokers who had quit more than two years previously. For females, the short-run effect of smoking cessation was larger, but the long-run effect was about the same as for men. A 0.7 increase in BMI is equivalent to about a five-pound increase in weight for a person who is 5 feet, 11 inches tall. Overall, our longitudinal analysis of HRS data shows that smoking cessation is negatively associated with alcohol consumption and positively associated with weight gain. The specific nature of the link between smoking cessation and alcohol consumption differs between the genders.

scholarly journals Level of Alcohol Consumption and Successful Smoking Cessation

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1058-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystal L Lynch ◽  
Jenny E Twesten ◽  
Alexandra Stern ◽  
Erik M Augustson
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Moderate Drinking ◽  
Heavy Alcohol ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Alcohol Users

Abstract Introduction The negative association between heavy alcohol use and likelihood of successful smoking cessation is well established. However, evidence on the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on smoking cessation is sparse. This analysis evaluated the association between alcohol use and smoking and the interaction of alcohol use and use of pharmacotherapy interventions in relation to smoking cessation. Methods Data from adults (n = 923) recruited through a smoking cessation website between November 2011 and March 2012 were analyzed. Data on past-year alcohol use, tobacco use, and demographics were collected at baseline. Self-reported smoking abstinence and current alcohol use data were collected at 1 and 7 months posttreatment. Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results At 1 month, adjusted odds of continued smoking were 1.54 times greater (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05% to 2.23%) for moderate drinkers and 2.59 times greater (95% CI = 1.33% to 4.28%) for heavy drinkers than nondrinkers. At 7 months, adjusted odds of continued smoking were not greater for moderate drinkers than nondrinkers, and were 2.32 times greater (95% CI = 1.35% to 3.96%) among heavy alcohol drinkers than nondrinkers. At 1 month, adjusted odds of smoking cessation were 2.33 times greater (95% CI = 1.04% to 3.09%) for alcohol users assigned to nicotine replacement therapy than for those not assigned to nicotine replacement therapy. This relationship was not observed at 7 months. Conclusions Moderate and heavy drinking might impact smoking cessation efforts. Recent moderate drinking may be associated with short-term continued smoking and heavy drinking associated with relapse in the short and long term. Implications This study suggests that moderate drinking may influence the process to quit smoking. Further study is needed to better understand the implications of moderate drinking for smoking cessation. Providing information alone may not be effective in helping people abstain from drinking during smoking cessation, especially if moderate drinkers do not perceive their behavior as reducing their chance for a successful quit attempt. Tailoring smoking cessation interventions to include strategies to reduce moderate-to-heavy alcohol consumption may improve smoking cessation outcomes among alcohol users attempting to quit smoking.

scholarly journals Lifestyle and Long-Term Smoking Cessation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1179173X2096306
Author(s):  
Tove Sohlberg ◽  
Karin Helmersson Bergmark
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Swedish Health Care ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Maintenance

Background: Since smoking is the leading cause of preventable death, discouraging smoking initiation, encouraging smoking cessation, and exploring factors that help individuals to stay smoke free are immensely important. One such relevant factor may be the impact of lifestyle for long-term smoking cessation. Method: A representative sample of successful quitters was recruited for a study about smoking cessation. These respondents are now part of a 7-year follow-up with the overall aim of revealing factors affecting long-term smoking cessation. Descriptive analyses were carried out at baseline and at follow-up, as well as a further two-step cluster analysis to explore profiles of long-term smoke-free individuals. Results: A majority did not make any particular lifestyle changes, but among those who did, most adopted a healthier lifestyle and/or increased their quota of physical training, where permanent changes in this direction seem to promote a more enduring smoke-free life. Conclusions: Individuals who want to quit smoking should be encouraged to increase their level of physical activity. Swedish health care institutions should be able to provide support for this both initially and over time to promote the long-term maintenance of a smoke-free lifestyle.

Measurement of Alcohol Consumption: Issues and Challenges

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn S. Sommers
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
White Male ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Standard Drink ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

In both the clinical and research settings, nurses assess patterns of alcohol consumption to screen for risk of adverse events or to determine the health consequences of drinking. The purposes of this critical review are to explore issues and controversies surrounding the measurement of alcohol consumption and to critique the existing literature relevant to the research and clinical arenas. An electronic literature search was completed to identify research articles addressing human studies from 1995 through 2004 related to alcohol consumption. Key words included alcohol drinking (subheadings blood, metabolism, psychology, and urine), standard drink, problem drinking, heavy drinking, and ethanol analysis (subheadings blood, urine, and chemistry). The results were in two primary content areas: self-reported alcohol consumption and assessment of consumption by using biological markers.Self-reported alcohol consumption can be quantified in a variety of ways, such as ounces of ethanol per day, standard drinks per day, drinking occurrences per month, heavy drinking occasions per month, and frequency of perceived drunkenness. The choice of measure depends on setting (clinical vs. research), the role of the variable under study, the capabilities and demographics of the study population, the study design, and the resources available to collect alcohol consumption data.A variety of biologic instruments are used to assess alcohol consumption, each with sensitivities and specificities that vary by age, gender, and possibly by ethnicity/race. Previous work has focused on the white, male, alcohol-dependent population and non-alcohol-dependent male controls. Some urgency exists to expand the biometrics of alcohol use to minority and older populations as well as to women across the life span.

scholarly journals Impact of smoking cessation on depression after acute coronary syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Krasieva ◽  
C Clair ◽  
B Gencer ◽  
D Carballo ◽  
R Klingenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Smoking and depression are two risk factors for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) that often go hand-in-hand, as smokers are more likely to be depressed and people that are depressed are more likely to be smokers. Smoking cessation in depressed patients with ACS may worsen depressive symptoms, which could increase the risk of recurrence of cardiac events and decrease adherence to other cardiac risk-reducing lifestyle changes. Purpose We aimed to investigate the evolution of depression according to smoking cessation one-year after ACS. Furthermore, we investigated if there was a higher incidence of one-year depression among ACS smokers who quit in comparison to continuous smokers. Method Data from 1,822 patients with ACS of the Swiss multicenter SPUM-ACS cohort study were analysed over a one-year follow-up period. Participants were classified in three groups based on smoking status one-year post-ACS – continuous smokers, smokers who quit within the year post-ACS, and non-smokers. Depression status at baseline and at one-year after the index ACS event was assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) and antidepressant drug use. A multivariate adjusted logistic regression model was used to calculate the risk ratio (RR) between groups. Results In comparison to depressed smokers who continued to smoke one year post-ACS, depressed smokers who quit smoking had an adjusted RR of 2.02 (95% CI 1.04–3.92) of improving their depression. Among 543 non-depressed ACS smokers, new depression at one-year was found in 57/266 (21.4%) smokers who quit, and 68/277 (24.6%) continuous smokers, with an adjusted RR of 0.89 (95% CI 0.58–1.36) of incidence of new depression. Conclusion Smokers with depression at the time of ACS who quit smoking improved more frequently their depression compared to those who continued smoking. Although not statistically significant, there was a smaller incidence of new depression among smokers who quit after ACS in comparison to continuous smokers. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Swiss National Science Foundation

Perception, Style, and Consumption: Specifying and Testing a Structural Model on Problem Drinking

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Yu ◽  
William R. Williford
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
New York State ◽  
The Self ◽  
Drinking And Driving ◽  
York State ◽  
County Jails

Analyzing data from the 1989 New York State Drinking and Driving Survey, the authors examined a structural model of problem drinking by people in drinking driver programs, county jails, alcoholism treatment centers, and on probation. The findings suggest that drinking style (i.e., when, where, how, and with whom) is the best predictor of problem drinking behavior, and the self-perception of alcohol drinking ability has an indirect effect on problem drinking behavior through drinking style and alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption may not affect the diameter of the coronary arteries in men with chest pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 030006052091378
Author(s):  
Xin Yang ◽  
Ling-Yun Gao ◽  
Shu Qin ◽  
Kang-Hua Ma ◽  
Su-Xin Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Moderate Drinking ◽  
Coronary Artery Diameter ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Medical University

Objective The effect of alcohol consumption on the risk of coronary heart disease is controversial. Several studies have assessed the effects of alcohol on the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, but few studies have evaluated the chronic effects of alcohol consumption on the coronary artery diameter. We investigated whether alcohol consumption affects the coronary artery diameter. Methods This prospective study enrolled men who were undergoing coronary angiography at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from November 2016 to December 2017. The participants were categorized into three groups based on their drinking behavior: heavy drinking (>175 g/week in the last 2 years, n = 70), moderate drinking (>42 to ≤175 g/week in the last 2 years, n = 53), and nondrinking (lifetime alcohol consumption of <98 g, n = 79). The diameters of the left and right coronary arteries were compared among the three groups. Results No significant differences in the diameters of the left and right coronary arteries were observed among the three groups. Conclusions Alcohol consumption may not affect the diameter of the coronary arteries.

scholarly journals Characterization of alcohol consumption patterns among older adults in Ireland

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Guzman ◽  
C T McEvoy ◽  
J McHugh-Power ◽  
R A Kenny ◽  
J Feeney
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Targeted Screening ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Consumption

Abstract Background Identifying the factors associated with hazardous drinking patterns and problem drinking is imperative to develop appropriate intervention strategies for alcohol harm reduction among the older population. The aim of this study was 1) To explore the patterns of alcohol consumption among older adults in the Republic of Ireland, and 2) To establish possible predictors of hazardous and problem drinking in this population. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was carried out on samples of individuals aged &gt;50 years at Wave 3 of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (N = 4948). Hazardous alcohol consumption was defined as drinking above Irish guidelines [women &gt;11 Standard Irish Drinks (SD)/week; men &gt;17 SD/week], and/or having at least one heavy drinking episode per week (&gt;6 SD/day). Problem drinking was defined as a score of &gt; 2 on the CAGE instrument. Regression analyses investigated outcome differences according to socio-demographic and health characteristics. Sampling weights were applied to account for differential non-response. Results The prevalence of drinking patterns was 13% for lifetime alcohol abstainers, 8% for former drinkers, 26% for occasional drinkers and 53% for weekly drinkers. Among weekly drinkers 25% exceeded the guideline threshold, 23% had at least one heavy drinking episode per week and 16% had an alcohol problem according to the CAGE. In fully adjusted models, hazardous drinking and problem drinking were associated with younger older adults, male sex, current or past smoking, higher levels of stress and/or social isolation. Conclusions Our findings serve as a starting point to monitor trends of alcohol consumption among older adults in the Republic of Ireland. Our results highlight areas of opportunity for targeted screening and public interventions that seek to reduce alcohol harm among this population. Key messages In the Irish context, older adults who are younger, male, current or past smokers, with higher levels of stress and/or social isolation are more likely to engage in hazardous alcohol consumption. Our characterization of drinking patterns highlights areas of opportunity for targeted screening and public interventions that seek to reduce alcohol harm among older adults in Ireland.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use Intensity Decreases in Response to Successful Smoking Cessation Therapy

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Robert Philibert ◽  
Kelsey Dawes ◽  
Willem Philibert ◽  
Allan M. Andersen ◽  
Eric A. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Contingency Management ◽  
Smoking Intensity ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Smoking Cessation Therapy

Smokers frequently drink heavily. However, the effectiveness of smoking cessation therapy for those with comorbid alcohol abuse is unclear, and the content of smoking cessation programs often does not address comorbid alcohol consumption. In order to achieve a better understanding of the relationship between changes in rate of smoking to the change in intensity of alcohol consumption, and the necessity for alcohol-specific programming for dual users, we quantified cigarette and alcohol consumption in 39 subjects undergoing a 3-month contingency management smoking cessation program using recently developed DNA methylation tools. Intake alcohol consumption, as quantified by the Alcohol T Score (ATS), was highly correlated with cg05575921 smoking intensity (adjusted R2 = 0.49) with 19 of the 39 subjects having ATS scores indicative of Heavy Alcohol Consumption. After 90 days of smoking cessation therapy, ATS values decreased with the change in ATS score being highly correlated with change in cg05575921 smoking intensity (adjusted R2 = 0.60), regardless of whether or not the subject managed to completely quit smoking. We conclude that alcohol consumption significantly decreases in response to successful smoking cessation. Further studies to determine whether targeted therapy focused on comorbid alcohol use increases the success of smoking cessation in those with dual use should be explored.

scholarly journals Lack of Association between Opioid-Receptor Genotypes and Smoking Cessation Outcomes in a Randomized, Controlled Naltrexone Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-565
Author(s):  
Daniel J O Roche ◽  
Constantine J Trela ◽  
Maria Argos ◽  
Farzana Jasmine ◽  
Muhammad G Kibriya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Quit Rate ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Aims The present study examined how variation in mu- (OPRM1), kappa- (OPRK), and delta- (OPRD) opioid receptor genes may influence the efficacy of naltrexone in the context of a smoking cessation trial. Methods The study’s primary objective was to examine the association of the Asn40Asp OPRM1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with naltrexone’s effects on smoking quit rate, weight gain, and heavy drinking behavior during a double-blind, randomized clinical trial in 280 adult DSM-IV nicotine-dependent participants. The secondary goal of the study was to examine the relationship of 20 additional SNPs of OPRM1, OPRK, and OPRD with the aforementioned outcomes. Results Results indicated a null association between any opioid-receptor gene SNP and naltrexone’s effects on smoking quit rate, weight gain, and heavy drinking behavior in this sample of nicotine dependent participants. Conclusions In sum, these results do not suggest that genetic variation in opioid-receptors is related to treatment responses to naltrexone in a smoking cessation trial.

Longitudinal stability and change in consumption among female twins: Contributions of genetics

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Prescott ◽  
Kenneth S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Mental Health Issue ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Problem Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

AbstractProblem alcohol use among women is increasingly recognized as an important public health and mental health issue. Younger women appear to be at increased risk for heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems compared to women from earlier cohorts. Understanding the sources for inter- and intra-individual differences in alcohol consumption is an important first step in addressing these trends. We studied the sources underlying variation in alcohol consumption in a sample of 2,163 female twins born in Virginia between 1934 and 1970. Measures of past-year alcohol consumption quantity and frequency were obtained on two occasions across a 5-year interval. Quantity and frequency of consumption declined over age, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Intra-individual correlations over the interval were substantial for frequency of drinking (r = .62) and quantity consumed per drinking occasion (r = .56) but lower for quantity consumed weekly (r = .22). There was significant intrapair resemblance for all measures, with the drinking behavior of identical twin pairs being more similar than that of fraternal pairs. Twin analyses of patterns of change in consumption over a 5-year interval revealed little within-pair similarity in rate of change, with correlations ranging from .06 to .18, suggesting that among young adult to middle-aged women, determinants of changing alcohol consumption are largely individual-specific. There was some evidence for significant age interactions, with the role of individual-specific sources increasing over age.

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