scholarly journals Level of Alcohol Consumption and Successful Smoking Cessation

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1058-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystal L Lynch ◽  
Jenny E Twesten ◽  
Alexandra Stern ◽  
Erik M Augustson
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Moderate Drinking ◽  
Heavy Alcohol ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Alcohol Users

Abstract Introduction The negative association between heavy alcohol use and likelihood of successful smoking cessation is well established. However, evidence on the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on smoking cessation is sparse. This analysis evaluated the association between alcohol use and smoking and the interaction of alcohol use and use of pharmacotherapy interventions in relation to smoking cessation. Methods Data from adults (n = 923) recruited through a smoking cessation website between November 2011 and March 2012 were analyzed. Data on past-year alcohol use, tobacco use, and demographics were collected at baseline. Self-reported smoking abstinence and current alcohol use data were collected at 1 and 7 months posttreatment. Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results At 1 month, adjusted odds of continued smoking were 1.54 times greater (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05% to 2.23%) for moderate drinkers and 2.59 times greater (95% CI = 1.33% to 4.28%) for heavy drinkers than nondrinkers. At 7 months, adjusted odds of continued smoking were not greater for moderate drinkers than nondrinkers, and were 2.32 times greater (95% CI = 1.35% to 3.96%) among heavy alcohol drinkers than nondrinkers. At 1 month, adjusted odds of smoking cessation were 2.33 times greater (95% CI = 1.04% to 3.09%) for alcohol users assigned to nicotine replacement therapy than for those not assigned to nicotine replacement therapy. This relationship was not observed at 7 months. Conclusions Moderate and heavy drinking might impact smoking cessation efforts. Recent moderate drinking may be associated with short-term continued smoking and heavy drinking associated with relapse in the short and long term. Implications This study suggests that moderate drinking may influence the process to quit smoking. Further study is needed to better understand the implications of moderate drinking for smoking cessation. Providing information alone may not be effective in helping people abstain from drinking during smoking cessation, especially if moderate drinkers do not perceive their behavior as reducing their chance for a successful quit attempt. Tailoring smoking cessation interventions to include strategies to reduce moderate-to-heavy alcohol consumption may improve smoking cessation outcomes among alcohol users attempting to quit smoking.

scholarly journals Heavy alcohol consumption in individuals with HIV infection: Effects on neuropsychological performance

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHANNES C. ROTHLIND ◽  
TANYA M. GREENFIELD ◽  
ANNE V. BRUCE ◽  
DIETER J. MEYERHOFF ◽  
DEREK L. FLENNIKEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Heavy Alcohol ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Use ◽  
Active Alcohol

Higher rates of alcohol use have been reported in HIV+ individuals compared to the general population. Both heavy alcohol use and HIV infection are associated with increased risk of neuropsychological (NP) impairment. We examined effects of heavy active alcohol use and HIV on NP functioning in a large sample of community-residing HIV+ individuals and HIV− controls. The four main study groups included 72 HIV− light/non-drinkers, 70 HIV− heavy drinkers (>100 drinks per month), 70 HIV+ light/non-drinkers, and 56 HIV+ heavy drinkers. The heavy drinking group was further subdivided to assess effects of the heaviest levels of active alcohol use (>6 drinks per day) on NP functioning. A comprehensive NP battery was administered. Multivariate analysis of covariance was employed to examine the effect of HIV and alcohol on NP functioning after adjusting for group differences in age and estimated premorbid verbal intellectual functioning. The analyses identified main effects of heavy drinking and HIV on NP function, with greatest effects involving the contrast of HIV+ heavy drinkers and the HIV− light drinkers. Synergistic effects of heaviest current drinking and HIV infection were identified in analyses of motor and visuomotor speed. Supplementary analyses also revealed better NP function in the HIV+ group with antiretroviral treatment (ART) and lower level of viral burden, a finding that was consistent across levels of alcohol consumption. Finally, heavy alcohol use and executive functioning difficulties were associated with lower levels of self-reported medication adherence in the HIV+ group. The findings suggest that active heavy alcohol use and HIV infection have additive adverse effects on NP function, that they may show synergistic effects in circumstances of very heavy active alcohol use, and that heavy drinking and executive functioning may mediate health-related behaviors in HIV disease. (JINS, 2005, 11, 70–83.)

scholarly journals Acute Exercise Effects on Craving and Withdrawal Symptoms among Women Attempting to Quit Smoking Using Nicotine Replacement Therapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese Harper ◽  
Lyndsay Fitzgeorge ◽  
Amelia Tritter ◽  
Harry Prapavessis
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
Quit Smoking

Background: Cigarette cravings are one of the most often expressed difficulties related to quitting. The effect of acute exercise on craving and withdrawal symptoms during a pharmacological based smoking cessation intervention is unknown. Methods: Participants included female smokers (n = 178) undertaking the Getting Physical on Cigarettes trial — a 14-week exercise-aided nicotine replacement therapy (NRT, i.e. patch) cessation program. They completed the Shiffman-Jarvik scale immediately before and after the first scheduled exercise session during weeks 5, 11, and 13. The first exercise session (week 5) occurred shortly after participants quit smoking (week 4) and began their 21 mg NRT patch dose. The second and third exercise bout coincided soon after participants stepped down their NRT strength to 14 mg (week 11) and 7 mg (week 13), respectively. Results: Significant reductions in cigarette craving were demonstrated following exercise at all three time points (i.e. week 5, 11, and 13). Significant reductions in psychological and sedation withdrawal symptoms were shown at week 5 and 11, but not at week 13. Significant increases in physical symptoms were found at week 5 and 11, but not week 13. No significant change in appetite was evident at any time point. Conclusions: An acute bout of moderate intensity exercise can alleviate cravings as well as psychological and sedation withdrawal symptoms in quitters during a 14-week exercise-aided NRT smoking cessation program. Promoting exercise among women using NRT is recommended.

scholarly journals Smoking Cessation and Lifestyle Changes

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Picone ◽  
Frank Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Daily Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

We used the first five waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to study three distinct but possibly interrelated phenomena: smoking cessation, changes in alcohol consumption, and changes in weight. The HRS is well suited for our study because it contains smoking and drinking behavior measures; weight; detailed financial, demographic, and health data; and health conditions existing at baseline and those newly occurring. Men who quit smoking within two years before the interview reduced daily alcohol consumption by about 0.1 to 0.15. Smoking cessation did not affect alcohol consumption for women. Unlike men, for whom there was no interaction between smoking cessation and problem drinking, female problem drinkers who quit smoking during the last two years reduced daily alcohol consumption by about 0.3 to 0.4 drinks per day on average, but the effect was only temporary. Quitting or starting heavy drinking had no effect on smoking cessation for either gender. Smoking cessation led to an increase in body mass index (BMI), both for men and for women. Furthermore, the effect increased with duration of smoking cessation. For men, BMI increased by 0.28 in the first two years after smoking cessation, but by almost 0.7 among male smokers who had quit more than two years previously. For females, the short-run effect of smoking cessation was larger, but the long-run effect was about the same as for men. A 0.7 increase in BMI is equivalent to about a five-pound increase in weight for a person who is 5 feet, 11 inches tall. Overall, our longitudinal analysis of HRS data shows that smoking cessation is negatively associated with alcohol consumption and positively associated with weight gain. The specific nature of the link between smoking cessation and alcohol consumption differs between the genders.

Smoking and schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Castle ◽  
Peter F. Buckley ◽  
Fiona P. Gaughran
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Enhancement ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Social Affiliation ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Side Effects

Rates of cigarette smoking are extremely high among people with schizophrenia. Reasons include social affiliation factors, negative symptom amelioration, and cognitive enhancement. It is crucial that people with schizophrenia are provided with information about the risks associated with smoking and given the opportunity to engage in smoking cessation programmes. Medications such as nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, and varenicline can be used effectively and safely, but extra vigilance for neuropsychiatric side effects is required. There is potentially a role for electronic cigarettes in helping people with schizophrenia quit smoking, but more research is required in this regard.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use Intensity Decreases in Response to Successful Smoking Cessation Therapy

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Robert Philibert ◽  
Kelsey Dawes ◽  
Willem Philibert ◽  
Allan M. Andersen ◽  
Eric A. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Contingency Management ◽  
Smoking Intensity ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Smoking Cessation Therapy

Smokers frequently drink heavily. However, the effectiveness of smoking cessation therapy for those with comorbid alcohol abuse is unclear, and the content of smoking cessation programs often does not address comorbid alcohol consumption. In order to achieve a better understanding of the relationship between changes in rate of smoking to the change in intensity of alcohol consumption, and the necessity for alcohol-specific programming for dual users, we quantified cigarette and alcohol consumption in 39 subjects undergoing a 3-month contingency management smoking cessation program using recently developed DNA methylation tools. Intake alcohol consumption, as quantified by the Alcohol T Score (ATS), was highly correlated with cg05575921 smoking intensity (adjusted R2 = 0.49) with 19 of the 39 subjects having ATS scores indicative of Heavy Alcohol Consumption. After 90 days of smoking cessation therapy, ATS values decreased with the change in ATS score being highly correlated with change in cg05575921 smoking intensity (adjusted R2 = 0.60), regardless of whether or not the subject managed to completely quit smoking. We conclude that alcohol consumption significantly decreases in response to successful smoking cessation. Further studies to determine whether targeted therapy focused on comorbid alcohol use increases the success of smoking cessation in those with dual use should be explored.

scholarly journals Varenicline is More Effective than Nicotine Replacement Therapy During Pregnancy: Findings from the Smoking MUMS (Maternal Use of Medications and Safety) Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie KY Choi ◽  
Duong T Tran ◽  
David B Preen ◽  
Deborah Randall ◽  
Anna Kemp-Casey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Propensity Scores ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Expected Benefits

IntroductionStudies in the general population suggest that varenicline is more effective than nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation. However, clinical guidelines recommend against the use of varenicline during pregnancy and suggest NRT be used when the expected benefits outweigh the potential risks. Objectives and ApproachWe evaluated whether varenicline was more effective than NRT for smoking cessation when used during pregnancy. Routinely-collected records of all births (01/01/2011-12/31/2012) in New South Wales and Western Australia were used to identify a cohort of women who smoked during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. Pharmaceutical dispensing data were then linked to identify varenicline or NRT dispensing in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. Smoking cessation was defined as women reported not smoking after the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. Inverse probability of treatment weighting with propensity scores were used to account for differences between the two treatment groups. ResultsOverall, 117 women used varenicline and 135 NRT in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. In the unweighted sample, more women who used varenicline quit smoking after the first 20 weeks than women using NRT (28.2% vs. 11.1%, crude rate difference:17.1%, 95% confidence intervals[CI]:7.4-26.8%). In the weighted sample, quitting rate was 12.7% (95%CI:0.8-24.6%) higher in pregnant smokers who used varenicline (27.4% vs. 14.7%) when compared to those who used NRT. Conclusion/ImplicationsPregnant smokers using varenicline were more likely to quit smoking than those using NRT. This information will assist healthcare providers to make informed recommendations, but data regarding safety of varenicline in pregnancy are also urgently needed. Future studies with greater statistical power are required to confirm our results.

scholarly journals Genetically determined tobacco and alcohol use and risk of atrial fibrillation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunlong Lu ◽  
Yan Guo ◽  
Hefeng Lin ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Liangrong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Heavy Alcohol ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Mr Study

Abstract Background The causality between the use of alcohol and cigarettes and atrial fibrillation (AF) remains controversial. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to evaluate the association of genetic variants related to tobacco and alcohol use with AF. Methods Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to smoking initiation (N = 374), age at initiation of regular smoking (N = 10), cigarettes per day (N = 55), and smoking cessation (N = 24) were derived from a genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of tobacco use (N = 1.2 million individuals). SNPs related to heavy alcohol use (N = 6) were derived from a GWAS of UK biobank (N = 125,249 individuals). The genetically matching instrumented variables were obtained from the GWAS of AF (N = 588,190 individuals). The estimates between tobacco and alcohol use and AF were combined by inverse-variance weighted (IVW), simple median, weighted median, MR-robust adjusted profile score method, MR-PRESSO, and multivariable MR. Results A total of 65,446 AF patients and 522,744 referents were included. In the IVW analysis, the odds ratio per one-unit increase of smoking initiation was 1.11 (95% CI, 1.06–1.16; P = 3.35 × 10−6) for AF. Genetically predicted age at initiation of regular smoking, cigarettes per day and smoking cessation were not associated with AF. The IVW estimate showed that heavy alcohol consumption increased AF risk (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04–1.18; P = 0.001). The results were consistent in complementary analyses and multivariable MR. Conclusion Our MR study indicated that regular smoking was associated with increased risk of AF, no matter the age at initiation of regular smoking, or the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Genetically predicted heavy alcohol consumption increased the risk of AF.

Is Stress Management Training a Useful Addition to Physician Advice and Nicotine Replacement Therapy during Smoking Cessation in Women? Results of a Randomized Trial

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika E. Slovinec D'Angelo ◽  
Robert D. Reid ◽  
Stephen Hotz ◽  
Jane Irvine ◽  
Roanne J. Segal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Stress Management ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
Quit Smoking

Purpose. To determine whether a stress management (SM) program could improve cessation rates when added to usual care (UC) among women attempting to quit smoking. Design. Randomized controlled trial conducted during a 12-month period. Setting. Smoking cessation clinics located within two tertiary care centers in Ottawa, Ontario. Subjects. A total of 332 women smokers 19 years or older who smoked 10 or more cigarettes per day were recruited via advertisements. Intervention. Either UC (physician advice and nicotine replacement therapy) or UC plus an eight-session group SM training program (coping skills development relevant to smoking-specific and generic stressors). Measures. Point prevalence abstinence 2 and 12 months after study intake. A secondary outcome of interest was change in perceived stress during the intervention period. Results. On an intent-to-treat basis, the addition of SM to UC had no incremental effect on 2-or 12-month abstinence rates. Abstinence rates at 2 months were 26.2% vs. 31.7% in the UC and SM groups, respectively (p = .59). At 12 months, the rates were 18.5% vs. 20.7% (p = .86). When quit rates were compared including only participants who demonstrated adequate adherence to the intervention protocol, there was a significant difference between the UC and SM groups at 2 months (34.9% vs. 48.7%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–3.42; p = .04) but not at 12 months (23.0% vs. 28.2%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, .64–2.41; p = .53). There was a significant reduction in perceived stress from preintervention to postintervention; however, this decrease was not moderated by group assignment. Conclusion. The addition of SM in our setting neither increased abstinence rates nor reduced perceived stress over and above UC in women motivated to quit smoking. Poor attendance at the SM intervention undermined its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Predictors of Symptom Course in Alcohol Use Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Conlin ◽  
Kenneth J. Sher ◽  
Alvaro Vergés ◽  
Michaela Hoffman ◽  
Douglas Steinley
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Heavy Alcohol ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Consumption ◽  
History Of

Objective: Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) has traditionally been viewed as a chronic, progressive, relapsing disorder (Jellinek, 1960; National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2018). However, little is known about the course of individual AUD criteria. To the extent that individual symptoms represent the focus of some treatments (e.g., withdrawal, craving), understanding the course of specific symptoms, and individual differences in symptom course, can inform treatment efforts and future research directions.Method: The current study examined 34,653 participants form Wave 1 (2001-2002) and Wave 2 (2003-2004) of the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC; Grant, Moore, & Kaplan, 2003; Grant, Kaplan, and Stinson, 2005), using logistic regression to analyze the extent to which AUD symptom course is predicted by heavy alcohol consumption, family history of alcoholism, and lifetime diagnosis of Conduct Disorder. Results: The course of all AUD symptoms was significantly influenced by all four external criteria, with the magnitude of the prediction varying across different symptoms and different aspects of course. Conclusion: The strength of the relationship appeared to be related to the theoretical proximity of a given predictor to AUD symptomatology, with heavy drinking being the strongest and family history of AUD being the weakest. The course of all AUD symptoms was strongly associated with the prevalence of the given symptom in the overall sample. Future work should include examining the interchangeability of AUD symptoms and considering heavy alcohol consumption as a criterion for AUD diagnosis.

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