From Cradle to Classroom: High Birth Weight and Cognitive Outcomes

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Resul Cesur ◽  
Inas Rashad Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Overweight Child ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Lower Test

While the effects of low birth weight have long been explored, the literature on the effects of high birth weight is sparse. However, with increasing obesity rates in the United States, high birth weight has become a potential concern, and has been associated in the medical literature with an increased likelihood of becoming an overweight child, adolescent, and subsequently an obese adult. Overweight and obesity, in turn, are associated with a host of negative effects, including lower test scores in school and lower labor market prospects when adults. If studies only focus on low birth weight, they may underestimate the effects of ensuring that mothers receive adequate support during pregnancy. This study finds that cognitive outcomes are adversely affected not only by low birth weight (<2500 grams) but also by high birth weight (>4500 grams). Our results have policy implications in terms of provision of support for pregnant women.

scholarly journals Fetal Growth Disorders and Influence of Maternal Adiposity

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A12-A13
Author(s):  
Sufia Athar ◽  
Amna Khalifa Tellisi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Introduction: Infant birth weight is recognized as the leading indicator of health among infants and affects a wide range of subsequent outcomes later in life. The incidence of neonates with high birth weight has increased in recent years. Many studies in the past have revealed that high birth weight is associated with neonatal morbidity and mortality and associated with complications in later life. These complications include shoulder dystocia, birth trauma, asphyxia, and neonatal deaths. In the later life these neonates have high risk for obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cancer. High pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) has been reported as a well-established risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Despite the high prevalence of maternal obesity in the gulf region, only a few studies in this regard have been published. Methods: A retrospective service evaluation was conducted at a secondary hospital to evaluate the effect of pre-pregnancy BMI on neonatal birth weight. 950 women were randomly selected from women delivered at or more than 37 weeks gestation and grouped on the basis of pregnancy BMI as group A-BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2, group-B- BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2 and group C-BMI &gt;30 kg/m2. Infants were grouped according to birth weight as low birth weight(&lt;2500 g), normal birth weight (2500–3999 g), and high birth weight &gt;4000g and correlation was studied with maternal body mass index. Chi square test was used for statistical evaluation using Medcal online software. Results: In the study group, 34.43% women had normal body mass index, 37.21 % women were overweight and 28.36 % were obese. In group A, 6.50% and 4.64 % infants were with low and high birth weight, respectively. In group B, 4.3% and 5.73 % were with low and high birth weight, respectively. In group C, 4.51% and 20.33 % infants were with low and high birth weight, respectively. In comparison to women with normal BMI, low birth weight infants in group B (OR-0.922, 95% CI- 0.327–1.275) and group C (OR- 0.679, 95% CI-0.682–1.572) were not statistically significant. High birth weight infants in group B (OR- 1.2482, 95% CI- 0.3270 to 1.2756, p = 0.2080) and group C (OR-5.230, 95% CI-2.875–9.512, p= &lt; 0.0001) were positively correlated with pre-pregnancy BMI. Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity increased the risk of high birth weight (OR- 1.248 and 5.230 respectively). The results were statistically significant in obese women (p=&lt; 0.0001). Conclusion: Women with pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity have higher likelihood of high birth weight in infants. Pre-pregnancy weight loss is the key to reduce maternal and fetal complications. Early pregnancy booking and antenatal fetal surveillance is recommended for all women with high body mass index.

scholarly journals Low Birth Weight Prevalence in Children Diagnosed with Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Dubai

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110317
Author(s):  
Faisal A. Nawaz ◽  
Meshal A. Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Perinatal Risk Factors ◽  
Perinatal Risk ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of low birth weight and other perinatal risk factors in children diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders. This is one of the first studies in the Arabian Gulf region focused on the contribution of these factors toward the development of various disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and other mental disorders. This descriptive study was based on qualitative data analysis. We reviewed retrospective information from the electronic medical records of 692 patients in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The prevalence of low birth weight in children with mental disorders was significantly higher as compared to the general population (16% vs 6% respectively). Furthermore, other risk factors, including high birth weight and preterm birth were noted to have a significant association with neurodevelopmental disorders. Future research on the impact of perinatal risk factors will contribute to advancement of early intervention guidelines.

scholarly journals Pregnancy Outcome during the First COVID 19 Lockdown in Vienna, Austria

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3782
Author(s):  
Sylvia Kirchengast ◽  
Beda Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Gestational Length ◽  
Live Births

The COVID 19 pandemic represents a major stress factor for non-infected pregnant women. Although maternal stress during pregnancy increases the risk of preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction, an increasing number of studies yielded no negative effects of COVID 19 lockdowns on pregnancy outcome. The present study focused on pregnancy outcome during the first COVID 19 lockdown phase in Austria. In particular, it was hypothesized that the national lockdown had no negative effects on birth weight, low birth weight rate and preterm birth rate. In a retrospective medical record-based single center study, the outcome of 669 singleton live births in Vienna Austria during the lockdown phase between March and July 2020 was compared with the pregnancy outcome of 277 live births at the same hospital during the pre-lockdown months of January and February 2020 and, in addition, with the outcome of 28,807 live births between 2005 and 2019. The rate of very low gestational age was significantly lower during the lockdown phase than during the pre-lockdown phase. The rate of low gestational age, however, was slightly higher during the lockdown phase. Mean birth weight was significantly higher during the lockdown phase; the rates of low birth weight, very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight were significantly lower during the lockdown phase. In contrast, maternal gestational weight gain was significantly higher during the lockdown phase. The stressful lockdown phase in Austria seems to have no negative affect on gestational length and newborn weight among non-infected mothers.

Birth Weight and Childhood Growth

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 828-834
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Binkin ◽  
Ray Yip ◽  
Lee Fleshood ◽  
Frederick L. Trowbridge
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Birth Certificate ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Supplemental Food

Most previous studies of the relationship between birth weight and childhood growth have concentrated on the growth of low birth weight infants. To examine this relationship throughout the full range of birth weights, growth data for children &lt;5 years of age from the Tennessee Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children linked to birth certificate records for 1975 to 1985 were used. Growth status was compared for 500-g birth weight categories from 1,000 g to 4,999 g using mean Z scores and the percentage of children more than 2 SD above or less than 2 SD below the median for height for age, weight for age, and weight for height. Infants with lower birth weights were likely to remain shorter and lighter throughout childhood, especially those who were intrauterine growth retarded rather than premature. Conversely, those infants with higher birth weights were likely to remain taller and heavier and to have a higher risk of obesity. Birth weight is a strong predictor of weight and height in early childhood, not only for low birth weight children but also for those of normal and high birth weight.

scholarly journals Predictive Validity of the Bayley-III Cognitive Scores at 6 Months for Cognitive Outcomes at 24 Months in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Yu Liu ◽  
Jui-Hsing Chang ◽  
Chun-Chih Peng ◽  
Chyong-Hsin Hsu ◽  
Wai-Tim Jim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Score

Purpose: To assess the predictive validity of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) cognitive scores at 6 months of corrected age (CA) for cognitive outcomes at 24 months of CA in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants and investigate the predictors of change in cognitive outcomes.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated VLBW children enrolled in the Taiwan Premature Infant Follow-up Network between 2010 and 2015 and completed the Bayley-III at CA of 6 and 24 months. The predictive validity of the cognitive performance at 6-month CA for the cognitive outcomes at 24-month CA was analyzed. The positive and negative predictive factors were also evaluated using logistic regression. Cut-off scores of &lt;70 and &lt;85 were used to identify lower functioning groups based on the Bayley-III definition.Results: A total of 2,972 VLBW children, born with a mean weight of 1116.4 ± 257.5 g and mean gestational age of 29.0 ± 2.8 weeks, were evaluated. A cognitive score of &lt;70 at 6-month CA had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 27.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 19.2–35.7%) for a cognitive score of &lt;70 at 24-month CA, while the negative predictive value (NPV) was 97.3% (95% CI: 96.7–97.9%). A cut-off score of 85 had a PPV of 33.6% (95% CI: 28.1–39.0%) and an NPV of 87.7% (95% CI: 86.4–88.9%). Abnormal muscle tone at 6 months was a risk factor for cognitive function decline at 24 months for both Bayley-III cognitive cut-off scores: scores of 70 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.5–5.5) and 85 (AOR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.6–4.1). Lower maternal socioeconomic status was associated with a worsening of the cognitive function in infants at 24 months who scored ≥85 at 6 months (AOR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2–2.0).Conclusion: Subnormal Bayley-III cognitive scores at 6-month CA were not predictive of subnormal cognitive function at 24-month CA. In children with normal cognition during early infancy, abnormal muscle tone and lower maternal socioeconomic status may influence the cognitive developing process; this highlighted the importance of early identification of high risk infants and complete preterm infant-associated public health policies to promote an improved neurodevelopmental outcome.

Low Birth Weight, Vital Records, and Infant Mortality

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1143-1145
Author(s):  
MYRON E. WEGMAN
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Almost All

About one tenth of all infant deaths occur in babies weighing less than 500 g at birth, almost all of whom die very shortly thereafter. In 1983, when the United States reported 3,638,933 live births, 4,368 of them were less than 500 g; that year there were 26,507 neonatal deaths. This means that slightly more than 0.1% of all live births contributed to 17% of neonatal mortality. Given this order of magnitude, any change in the numbers relating to these tiny babies can have a disproportionate influence on reported infant mortality and on interstate comparisons. Two questions promptly arise. How accurate and meaningful are the data regarding babies born weighing less than 500 g? What can be done to decrease the deaths in this category? Wilson et al1 call attention to how the number of very low birth weight infants reported by a state may be affected by the state's definition of a live birth.

Abstract MP031: Birth Weight, Genetic-Susceptibility and Adulthood Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanping Li ◽  
Qibin Qi ◽  
Tsegaselassie Workalemahu ◽  
Frank B Hu ◽  
Lu Qi
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Genetic Susceptibility ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Genotype Score

Background: Both stressful intrauterine milieus and genetic susceptibility have been linked to later life diabetes risk. The present study aims to examine the interaction between low birth weight, a surrogate measure of stressful intrauterine milieus, and genetic susceptibility in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Methods: The analysis included two independent, nested case-control studies of in total 2591 cases of type 2 diabetes and 3052 healthy controls from prospective cohorts: the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS). We developed 2 genotype scores using susceptibility loci recently identified through Genome Wide Association Studies: 1) an ‘obesity genotype score’ based on 32 BMI-predisposing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); and 2) a ‘diabetes genotype score’ based on 35 diabetes-predisposing SNPs. Results: Both the obesity genotype score and diabetes genotype score showed consistently significant association with risk of type 2 diabetes in NHS and HPFS ( P for trend < 0.01). In the pooled sample of the two cohorts, we found significant interaction between birth weight and obesity genotype score in relation to type 2 diabetes ( P for interaction=0.017). In low birth weight individuals (≤ 2.5 kg), the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 2.55 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.34–4.84) in the comparison of the highest with the lowest quartile of the obesity genotype score, while the OR was 1.27 (95%CI: 1.04–1.55) among individuals with birth weight above 2.5kg. Diabetes genotype score also showed stronger association with type 2 diabetes risk in individuals with low birth weight than those with high birth weight. Comparing individuals of the highest with the lowest quartile of the diabetes genotype score, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio was 3.80 (95%CI: 1.76–8.24) among individuals with low birth weight and was 2.27 (95%CI: 1.82–2.83) among those with high birth weight. However, test for interaction was marginal ( P =0.16). Conclusion: Our data suggest low birth weight and genetic susceptibility to obesity may synergistically affect adulthood risk of type 2 diabetes.

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