scholarly journals Job Search, Conditional Treatment and Recidivism: The Employment Services for Ex-Offenders Program Reconsidered

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman J Bierens ◽  
Jose R Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Job Search ◽  
San Diego ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Actual Treatment ◽  
Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Interval Censored

Abstract The objective of this paper is to re-evaluate the effect of the 1985 “Employment Services for Ex-Offenders” (ESEO) program on recidivism in San Diego, Chicago and Boston. The initial group of program participants was split randomly in a control group and a treatment group. The actual treatment (mainly being job related counseling) only takes place conditional on finding a job and not having been arrested for those selected in the treatment group. We use interval-censored proportional hazard models for job search and recidivism time, where the latter model incorporates the conditional treatment effect, depending on covariates. We find that the effect of the program depends on location and age. The ESEO program reduces the risk of recidivism only for ex-inmates over the age of 27 in San Diego and Chicago and over the age of 36 in Boston, but increases the risk of recidivism for the other ex-inmates in the treatment group.

De invloed van doeloriëntaties op de effectiviteit van re-integratie

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gera Noordzij ◽  
Edwin A.J. Van Hooft
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Performance Goal ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Training Conditions ◽  
Learning Goal

The influence of goal orientations on the effectiveness of reemployment counseling The influence of goal orientations on the effectiveness of reemployment counseling G. Noordzij & E.A.J. Van Hooft, Gedrag & Organisatie, volume 21, August 2008, nr. 3, pp. 209-225 The present study investigates the influence of training goal orientations on job search and reemployment outcomes among unemployed people who were searching for a job. Unemployed individuals (N = 109) were randomly assigned to one of three training conditions: (1) Learning goal orientated training (LGO), (2) Performance goal orientated training (PGO), and (3) control group. LGO is defined as focusing on increasing competences whereas PGO is defined as focusing on demonstrating competences. Participants of the LGO-training had more intentions to search for a job and more activities than the other participants. Logistic regression demonstrated that participants of the LGO-training had five times more change to find a job than the other participants. These results lead us to conclude that the LGO-training is an effective tool for reemployment counseling.

Lipoprotein (a) Levels in Patients Undergoing Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Guindeo ◽  
Nicanor Vega ◽  
Ana M. Fernandez ◽  
Leocadia Palop ◽  
Jose A. Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Loss ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Dialysis Treatment ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Group I

Most researchers have found increases of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] in uremic patients, as well as in those undergo ng hemodialysis (HD) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The mechanisms for this increase remain unclear. We studied 71 patients undergoing CAPD, 48 me n and 23 women. According to the time spent on CAPD, the patients were divided into three groups: group 0: 29 patients at the starting off point of dialysis treatment; group I: 22 patients with an average stay of 15.2 months; group II: 20 patients with an average stay of 69.3 months on CAPD. We have only observed significant increases of Lp(a) levels in those patients initiating the dialysis, but no significant differences are found in the other groups undergoing CAPD for longer periods when compared to the control group. We found no significant relation between Lp(a) levels and peritoneal protein loss, and not with absorption of glucose from the dialysate either. We have found a positive and significant correlation between Lp(a) levels and urinary protein loss (r = 0.41; p < 0.001). It is possible that an element associated with proteinuria might have an effect on the metabolism of Lp(a) in CAPD patients.

Urn sampling, interval censoring and proportional hazard models

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-379
Author(s):  
Lu Zheng ◽  
Marvin Zelen
Keyword(s):  
Survival Data ◽  
Interval Censoring ◽  
Interval Length ◽  
Hazard Models ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Interval Censored ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Censored Observations

This paper proposes a new distribution-free statistical method for testing hypotheses about covariates for survival data having simultaneously right-, left- and interval-censored survival times. The new test is motivated by the analogue between urn sampling and the Cox’s proportional hazard models. Investigations of the significance levels and power as a function of the proportion of interval-censored observations and interval length show that the test performs well for most censoring situations encountered in practice. Simulation results also suggest that there is negligible loss of power in the practical situation in which the mean interval length for interval-censored observations is less than the mean survival time. This holds even with heavy interval censoring. Comparison with the widely used Mantel’s method for comparing two groups shows that the power of the new method appears to be superior. Furthermore, the test is relatively simple to carry out and generalizes to comparing k populations as well as the testing of general linear hypothesis for arbitrary covariates.

SEMI-NONPARAMETRIC INTERVAL-CENSORED MIXED PROPORTIONAL HAZARD MODELS: IDENTIFICATION AND CONSISTENCY RESULTS

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman J. Bierens
Keyword(s):  
Legendre Polynomials ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Unit Interval ◽  
Hazard Models ◽  
Nonparametric Identification ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Consistency Results ◽  
Interval Censored ◽  
Mixed Proportional Hazard Models

In this paper I propose estimating distributions on the unit interval semi-nonparametrically using orthonormal Legendre polynomials. This approach will be applied to the interval-censored mixed proportional hazard (ICMPH) model, where the distribution of the unobserved heterogeneity is modeled semi-nonparametrically. Various conditions for the nonparametric identification of the ICMPH model are derived. I will prove general consistency results for M-estimators of (partly) non-euclidean parameters under weak and easy-to-verify conditions and specialize these results to sieve estimators. Special attention is paid to the case where the support of the covariates is finite.

scholarly journals The Effects of Administration of Mangosteen Pericap's Ethanolic Extract and Xanthone on Angiogenesis of Gastric Ulcer Healing in Wistar Rats Observed Through the Increase in the level of NO and VEGF and CD-31 Expressions

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Ika Kustiyah Oktaviyanti ◽  
Djanggan Sargowo ◽  
Mohammad Aris Widodo ◽  
Karyono Mintaroem
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cd 31 ◽  
Post Test

BACKGROUND: NSAIDs can cause gastric ulcer or may delay the healing of it. Upon exposure to indomethacin, gastric ulcer can occur due to oxidants. Mangosteen rind contains xanthone, which is a natural antioxidant. Administration of this antioxidant may increase angiogenesis that can accelerate healing of gastric ulcer.METHODS: This study used an experimental method with randomized post test control only design using Wistar rats. The rats were put on fasting for 24 hours, then a single dose of 30mg/kg body weight (BW) Indomethacine was given. The rats were divided into control group and treatment group. The treatment group was further divided into two subgroups: one group was given a daily 200 mg/kg BW mangosteen pericap extract, and the other group was given 35 mg/kg BW Xanthone. Both the control group and treatment group were decapitated on the 3rd day, 6th day and 12th day, respectively. After decapitation, the stomach of each rat was taken and divided into two portions, one portion was used for NO examination by ELISA, and the other portion for hispathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis for assessing CD 31 and VEGF expressions.RESULTS: Administration of mangoosteen pericap and xanthone could accelerate healing of gastric ulcers as compared with the control, as shown by the decrease in the severity level of the ulcers. Mangoosteen pericap and xanthone could also increase NO, VEGF expression, and CD-31 as compared with the control, especially on the 3rd day of treatment. Explanation of this finding might be that the antioxidants contained in the mangoosteen pericap or in xanthone could bind with radical superoxide and accelerate release of free NO. The increase of NO caused increase of VEGF and CD-31 that could accelerate angiogenesis, which eventually could accelerate healing of the gastric ulcers.CONCLUSIONS: The effect of mangosteen pericap's extract and xanthone can improve healing of gastric ulcers by increasing nitric oxide and also can increase angiogenesis as shown by the increase of VEGF and CD-31 expressions.KEYWORDS: mangosteen, healing, gastric Ulcer, angiogenesis

Using the Department of Labor’s “My Next Move” to Improve Career Preparedness

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Koys
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Information Network ◽  
Search Process ◽  
Career Awareness ◽  
Occupational Information ◽  
Occupational Information Network ◽  
Career Options ◽  
Positive Results

The Department of Labor’s Occupational Information Network can help students prepare for their careers because it contains information on over 900 occupations. Occupational Information Network includes a tool called My Next Move that is designed to help people learn about those occupations. This research uses a pretest/posttest design with a treatment group and a control group to determine if an exercise based on My Next Move improves career preparedness. Results show that the exercise produces significant increases in career awareness and in perceived career preparedness skills. The positive results indicate that this tool can help students be more knowledgeable about their career options after graduation. This article can help instructors use the My Next Move exercise to help students in their job search process.

scholarly journals A comparative economic study on improved and non-improved native chicken practices in some selected areas of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-38
Author(s):  
S Yasmin ◽  
M Ershaduzzaman ◽  
M Khatun ◽  
S Islam ◽  
S Faruque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Labour Cost ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Native Chickens

Native chickens are important for the rural poor women and marginalized section for subsidiary income and safe nutrition. Considering that views, the study were conducted taking objectives is assessing the profitability of native chicken and to find the livelihood status of native chicken farmers. The study areas were selected from six districts, namely, Joypurhat Sadar under Joypurhat, Dinajpur Sadar under Dinajpur, Dumoria under Khulna, Kotalipara under Gopalgonj, Nokla under Sherpur and Sonagazi under Feni district on the basis of improved native chickens project implementation areas. The selected areas were consisted of 30 treatment groups and 30 control groups from each upazila. The total sample size was 360 (P/H). In the case of profitability, the treatment group earned BDT 3,450 per 10 birds per annum followed by control group earned BDT 2,476. The BCR was found 2.04 and 1.45, respectively for treatment and control group. It was evident that treatment group produced 60 native chickens annually and on the other hand, control group produced 30 native chickens. For control group, labour cost occupied 32 percent and the feed cost captured 23 percent. On the other hand, for treatment group, feed cost occupied 34 percent and the labour cost was 38 percent. Fifty percent farmers opined that they reared native chicken for additional family income followed by 37 percent home consumption, 9 percent ceremonies and 4 percent creating employment opportunity. Rearing of native chicken entirely depends on women’s decision but the usage of money is controlled by women and men. It was found that women dominated most activities in rearing native chicken. Based on the result of the study, 100 percent women was the decision maker for rearing native chicken in both groups. Decision on selling of native chicken made by women was 92.15 percent in treatment group and 73.28 percent in control group. Money received from native chicken was also controlled 78.26 percent in treatment group and 51.57 percent in control group by women. Lack of access to livestock extension service, bad eggs quality, access to credit also was the challenges for native chicken farmers covering 7 percent, 4 percent and 4 percent, respectively. From this study, it was clear that rearing native chicken farming brought positive changes in economic, social and specially women empowerment indicators. Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 27 (1&2), 2020: P. 24-38

Isolated illiteracy and access to social programs: evidence from Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-685
Author(s):  
Fernanda Dachi Carrets ◽  
Felipe Garcia Ribeiro ◽  
Gibran da Silva Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether isolated illiteracy generates a barrier to knowledge about the Brazilian Federal Government’s Single Registry for social programs. Design/methodology/approach Based on information contained in the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios – PNAD) 2014, the propensity score matching method was combined with the algorithm proposed by Imbens (2015). The analyzed sample consists of two groups of illiterate individuals: isolated illiterates (IILs) (treatment group), which consists of only illiterate individuals who live with other illiterates; and proximate illiterates (PILs) (control group), which consists of illiterates who live with someone who is literate in the household. Findings Evidence indicates that IIL individuals are, on average, less likely to know about the single registry than PIL people. Research limitations/implications The main limitation relates to the database since the only information available in the PNAD on the access to the single registry is for the year 2014. Practical implications The evidence found in the study reinforces the need to invest in the fight against illiteracy in Brazil. Social implications Results show that a portion of the possible beneficiaries of social programs are still “invisible” to the government’s social protection networks, and this highlights the existence of possible errors of exclusion. Originality/value The paper compares two groups of illiterate people, a group that lives in an isolated illiteracy situation and the other that does not. It also assesses the effect of literacy externalities on the access to the Brazilian Single Registry.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PEER TUTORING AND HOMEWORK IN IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SELF-REGULATED LEARNING

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nur Wangid
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Peer Tutoring ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
Regulated Learning ◽  
The Mean

EFEKTIVITAS TUTOR SEBAYA DAN PEKERJAAN RUMAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN SELF- REGULATED LEARNING SISWAAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas metode tutor teman sebaya dan pekerjaan rumah dalam meningkatkan kemampuan Self Regulated Learning (SRL) siswa. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, dilaksanakan eksperimen dengan memberikan perlakuan kepada dua kelompok siswa yang berbeda, satu kelompok mendapatkan perlakuan dengan metode tutor teman sebaya dengan jumlah sampel 32 siswa dan kelompok lainnya mendapatkan perlakuan dengan pemberian pekerjaan rumah dengan sampel 31 siswa, dan satu kelompok lagi yang berfungsi sebagai kelompok kontrol dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 33 siswa. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini menggunakan skala untuk mengukur SRLsiswa. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik ANOVA satu jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode tutor teman sebayalebih tinggi hasilnya untuk meningkatkan kemampuan SLR siswa dibandingkan pekerjaan rumah. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan diperolehnya nilai F sebesar 118,448 dengan taraf signifikasi sebesar 0,000 dan rerata untuk kelompok dengan perlakuan tutor teman sebaya sebesar 159,12 sedangkan untuk kelompok dengan perlakuan pemberian pekerjaan rumah sebesar 142,81; sementara kelompok kontrol sebesar 125,24.Kata kunci: tutor teman sebaya, pekerjaan rumah, self-regulated learningAbstractThis study was aimed at comparing peer tutoring and homework techniques in improving students’ self-regulated learning (SRL). The study used aquasi-experimental design by conducting treatments to two different groups of students, one group receiving treatment with the peer tutoring method with 32 students, and other group was treated by administering homework with 31 students, and the other group as a control group with 33 students not receiving a specific treatment. The research instrument was a scale to measure the students SRL abilities. One-line ANOVA was used to analyzethe data. The results show that peer tutoring is more influential in improving the ability of students in SRL than in homework. It was indicated by the F value of 118.448 with a significance level of 0.000 and the mean scores for the treatment group with peer tutoring at 159.12, the treatment group with homework at 142.81, while the control group at 125.24.Keywords: peer tutoring, homework, self-regulated learning

scholarly journals Cellulase Interacts with Lactic Acid Bacteria to Affect Fermentation Quality, Microbial Community, and Ruminal Degradability in Mixed Silage of Soybean Residue and Corn Stover

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Chao Zhao ◽  
Lihua Wang ◽  
Guangming Ma ◽  
Xin Jiang ◽  
Jinshan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Cellulase Treatment ◽  
Fermentation Quality

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and cellulase (CE) on the fermentation quality, rumen degradation rate and bacterial community of mixed silage of soybean residue (SR) and corn stover (CS). The experiment adopted a single-factor experimental design. Four treatment groups were set up: the control group (CON), lactic acid bacteria treatment group (LAB), cellulase treatment group (CE) and lactic acid bacteria + cellulase treatment group (LAB + CE). Among them, the amount of added LAB was 1 × 106 CFU/g, and the amount of added CE was 100 U/g. After 56 days of mixed silage, samples were taken and analyzed, and the chemical composition, fermentation quality, rumen degradation rate and microbial diversity were determined. The results showed that the pH of each treatment group was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of CON, while the lactic acid and ammoniacal nitrogen contents of each treatment group were significantly higher than that of CON, with the highest contents in the LAB + CE group. The contents of DNFom (Ash-free NDF), ADFom (Ash-free ADF) and DM in the LAB + CE group were significantly lower than those in the CON group, while the content of crude protein (CP) was significantly higher than that in the CON group. The in situ effective degradation rates of DM (ISDMD), DNF (ISNDFD) and CP (ISCPD) were all significantly (p < 0.05) higher in each treatment group than in the control group. The results of principal component analysis showed that the bacterial composition of the LAB, CE and LAB + CE groups was significantly different from that of the CON group (p < 0.05). Bacterial genus level analysis showed that the content of lactic acid bacteria was significantly higher in the LAB + CE group than in the other treatment groups (p < 0.05), while the content of undesirable bacteria was significantly lower than in the other treatment groups. The results showed that the addition of Lactobacillus and/or cellulase in mixed silage of SR and CS could effectively improve the quality of mixed silage fermentation, rumen degradation rate and microbial diversity, with better results when Lactobacillus and cellulase were added together, which provides new ideas for better application of SR and CS in dairy production.

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