A Rational Calculus of Voting Considering Coalition Signals: The 2005 German Bundestag Election as an Example

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Linhart
Keyword(s):  
Party Systems ◽  
Vote Share ◽  
Coalition Building ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Bundestag Elections ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Legislative Outcomes ◽  
German Bundestag

This article extends the calculus of rational voting (Riker & Ordeshook, 1968) by considering the coalition building process and the legislative process (cf. Austen-Smith & Banks, 1988) in multi-party systems. Comparing preferences on coalitions and their resulting legislative outcomes instead of party preferences, I create preference profiles of voters on coalitions and estimate the probability that a coalition forms, given the parties' coalition signals, and an expected electoral result. I illustrate the results of this rational calculus for the German Bundestag elections 2005 as a political map. Furthermore, this calculus allows the identification of coalition signals which raise and reduce a party's vote share.

Minderheitsregierung im Bund? Lehren zum Oppositionsverhalten aus Schweden

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-158
Author(s):  
Melanie Müller ◽  
Marcus Höreth
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Opposition Party ◽  
Minority Government ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
Alternative Function ◽  
The Government ◽  
German Bundestag ◽  
Western Democracies ◽  
Opposition Parties

Government stability in the German Bundestag is traditionally tied to a parliamentary majority and an opposition minority . Nonetheless, minority governments in other Western democracies show that, despite the lack of a parliamentary majority, they govern stable and effectively together with the opposition . In this article, on the Swedish case, we examine how opposition parties in parliament are involved in the legislative process in a minority government and what patterns they follow in order to maintain governmental stability without neglecting their alternative function . The paper combines theoretical and concep­tual considerations on the adequate understanding of the opposition in the Federal Repub­lic of Germany with empirical findings on cooperation and conflicts between opposition party groups and minority governments . The results show that opposition parties strategi­cally switch between confrontational (Westminster-style) and consensual patterns of behav­ior (republican) . Through this flexible majority finding, opposition parties in parliament can alternately present themselves as policymakers or as an alternative counterpart to the government . This opposition behavior is functionally adequate under the conditions of a pluralized and fragmented party system and the resulting difficulties in forming a stable government majority .

Legislative Process in International Organizations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtenay R Conrad ◽  
Nathan W Monroe
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Legislative Procedures ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Legislative Procedure ◽  
Legislative Outcomes ◽  
The U.S

Abstract In this analytical essay, we advance a simple but powerful claim: scholars can better understand outcomes of international organizations (IOs) by developing theories that explicitly make assumptions about legislative process. Because process assumptions powerfully explain domestic legislative outcomes and many international assemblies demonstrate similarities to domestic legislatures, scholars could usefully employ legislative-process-centric approaches when theorizing about outcomes in world politics. Following an explication of why scholars might focus on legislative procedure, we describe several legislative procedures and highlight variance across those procedures within several well-known IOs. We also suggest that this variance and the shadow of power politics cast over IOs provides fertile ground for comparative legislative scholars—including scholars of the U.S. Congress—to develop and test new theories of legislative procedure.

scholarly journals Wer ist der ideale Kandidat? Auswahlkriterien bei der Kandidatenaufstellung zum Deutschen Bundestag

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-83
Author(s):  
Malte Cordes ◽  
Daniel Hellmann
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Candidate Selection ◽  
Bundestag Elections ◽  
Ideal Candidate ◽  
Party Members ◽  
Selection For ◽  
German Bundestag

Before an election takes place, the party members select their parliamentary candidates . Their nomination decisions depend on their vision of an ideal candidate . Based on the IParl survey of party members participating in the candidate selection for the 2017 German Bundestag elections we are able to investigate these preferences . As we see, there is neither a common ideal among all participants, nor are there any distinctly different groups . Differentiating between district and state level these variations are less distinct than between the different parties . We could also show that competitors seem to perceive demands from their electors at least partially different . Presumably those aspirants who are better at anticipating their electors’ complex preferences might have better chances in the intra-party nomination process .

scholarly journals The Washtenaw ID Project: A Government-Issued ID Coalition Working Toward Social, Economic, and Racial Justice and Health Equity

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 53S-61S ◽  
Author(s):  
Alana M. W. LeBrón ◽  
Keta Cowan ◽  
William D. Lopez ◽  
Nicole L. Novak ◽  
Maria Ibarra-Frayre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Community Organizing ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Coalition Building ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Washtenaw County ◽  
Acceptance Rates

Introduction. The policing of identities through policies that restrict access to IDs issued by U.S. governmental entities disparately affects communities of color; communities who identify as low-income, immigrant, older, and/or transgender; and community members who experience chronic mental illness, housing instability, or incarceration. Yet government-issued IDs are increasingly needed to access health-promoting resources such as housing, banking, social services, and health care, and in interactions with law enforcement. Methods. Since 2012, the Washtenaw ID Project’s coalition-building process has involved communities affected by restrictive ID policies, advocates, and institutional stakeholders to enact community and systems change regarding inequities in government-issued IDs. We discuss the coalition-building process that culminated in the implementation of a photo ID issued by Washtenaw County government as a policy change strategy. We also highlight the community-academic research partnership evaluating the effectiveness of the Washtenaw ID in order to ensure equity in Washtenaw ID access and acceptance. Results. In 2015, 77% of Washtenaw ID holders reported having no other locally accepted ID. At follow-up, Washtenaw ID holders reported favorable Washtenaw ID acceptance rates in several domains (e.g., health care, school), but not when accessing banking services and housing. Additionally, community discussions suggested racial inequities in carding and ID acceptance. We discuss next steps for policy improvement to ensure equitable impact of the ID. Conclusions. Without national policy reform instating access to government-issued IDs for all, the social movement to establish local IDs may improve access to health-related resources contingent on having an ID. Careful attention must be paid to community organizing processes, policy implementation, and evaluation to ensure equity.

Elections to regional parliaments of Russia on the example of the State Assembly (Il Tumen) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Yu. Petrov ◽  
◽  
N. Grigoriev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electoral System ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
The State ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Republican Government ◽  
Party Composition ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Mixed Electoral System ◽  
Local Levels

The article analyzes the tendencies of elections to the regional parliaments of Russia on the example of the State Assembly (Il Tumen) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Local parliaments are called upon to fulfill the function of separating the legislative and executive branches of government. However, in the modern Russian political system, the institution of parliamentarism is poorly developed at the federal and local levels. Regional parliaments have little influence on decisions on financial aspects, often continuing the all-Russian legislative process. The electoral process associated with elections to local legislative assemblies developed based on the logic of the development of the federal electoral system and the development of federal relations. In the 1990s during the period of decentralized federalism, various types of regional regimes with developed party systems took shape. In the 2000s during the period of centralization, the powers of the regions were reduced, which led to the abolition of direct elections of heads of subjects, and the reform of party and electoral systems. By now, a mixed electoral system has been formed according to party lists and the majority system. The party composition of regional parliaments also does not differ from the federal list of Duma factions. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is a national republic, which influences the formation of the local regional elite. There are noticeable tendencies in the interdependence of representatives of the elite of the executive and legislative branches of government, as well as signs of community, family ties. According to the party lists of the party of power “United Russia”, the Head of the Republic and representatives of the upper echelons of the republican government are usually represented. In the elections of 2013 and 2018 four parties, representatives of the small parties “Civic Platform” and “For Women of Russia”, are steadily receiving deputy mandates to the local parliament

Saving Darfur

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-113
Author(s):  
Marina E. Henke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coalition Building ◽  
African Union ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
The United Nations

This chapter assesses how the United Nations, in cooperation with the African Union, formed one of the largest and most expensive peacekeeping operations ever deployed to stop the bloodshed in Darfur. The operation took the name United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID). The United States initiated and orchestrated the most important political aspects that made the deployment of UNAMID possible. At the United Nations, the United States was intimately involved in the drafting and negotiation of UN resolutions pertaining to the Darfur issue and prodded various UN Security Council members to support the respective resolutions. Once UNAMID was approved by the UN Security Council, the United States was deeply involved in recruiting UNAMID participants. Some countries—such as Egypt, China, Canada, and Ethiopia—had a political stake in the Darfur conflict and thus volunteered forces to deploy to Darfur. Nevertheless, the large majority of countries did not join UNAMID on their own initiative. Rather, they were wooed into the coalition by the United States. U.S. officials thereby followed specific practices to recruit these troops. Many of these practices exploited diplomatic embeddedness: U.S. officials used preexisting ties to ascertain the deployment preferences of potential recruits and constructed issue linkages and side payments. The United States was assisted in the UNAMID coalition-building process by UN staff, most notably from the UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations (UNDPKO).

Einbindung von Expertise und externem Wissen in das Gesetzgebungsverfahren

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Sophie Huber
Keyword(s):  
German Law ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
External Knowledge ◽  
The Us ◽  
Rules Of Procedure ◽  
German Bundestag ◽  
External Actors

The author describes the influence of external actors on the legislative process in Germany and the US. In particular, the benefit of external knowledge for the rational fulfillment of governmental tasks and the quality of legislation are emphasized. The thesis focuses on whether the US lobby register can be transferred into German law. The author expresses considerable constitutional concerns and questions the usefulness of such a register. The thesis concludes with proposals on how to amend the rules of procedure of the German Bundestag (GOBT) and the federal ministries (GGO).

The Party Systems of the Established Liberal Democracies in the 1990s: Is this a Decade of Transformation?

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Ware
Keyword(s):  
Electoral Politics ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Vote Share ◽  
General Election ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Democratic Regimes

DURING THE FIRST HALF OF THE 1990s ABOUT ONE THIRD OF the countries which had been governed continuously by liberal democratic regimes since the mid-1950s experienced major electoral upheavals at a general election. In the case of eight countries an argument could be made that electoral politics was not as it had been, and that the party systems were now experiencing problems that were quite different in scale from those with which they had contended during the previous forty years. The countries concerned were:– Sweden, where the 1991 general election produced a major decline in the share of the vote (5.5 per cent of the total) for the governing Social Democrats; this was the largest change in its vote share between consecutive elections since 1944.

Who lobbies the lobbyists? State Medicaid bureaucrats’ engagement in the legislative process

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine W. V. Bradley ◽  
Jake Haselswerdt
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Agency Staff ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Bureaucratic Power ◽  
Legislative Outcomes ◽  
Consumer Advocates ◽  
Policy Agreement

AbstractResearch on bureaucratic power typically focusses on rulemaking and policy implementation, while bureaucrats’ participation in the legislative process remains underexplored. We theorise and test a specific mechanism by which bureaucrats attempt to sway legislative outcomes, which we term indirect bureaucratic lobbying. Using a novel survey of state-based health lobbyists in 25 states, we show that state Medicaid agency staff routinely request lobbying assistance from provider associations and consumer advocates. We also provide the first systematic evidence of the conditions under which indirect bureaucratic lobbying is likely to occur. Our results suggest that individual-level policy agreement interacts with institutional factors, most notably agency performance and gubernatorial power, to increase the likelihood that bureaucrats will use this strategy to attempt to influence legislative deliberations.

scholarly journals Trust in Leadership. Some observations on the process of trust building in the German Bundestag and the German Cabinet

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-33
Author(s):  
Henrik Gast
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Trust Building ◽  
Parliamentary Democracies ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
Building Process ◽  
The Government ◽  
German Bundestag ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Head Of Government ◽  
Typological Classification

Interpersonal trust has a significant impact on the government in parliamentary democracies. On the basis of a qualitative survey this study discusses in detail how German chancellors are able to contribute to the trust building process within the cabinet, the coalition and the (parliamentary) party. Within the analysis various ways of trust building are differentiated. A typological classification shows that the personality of the individual head of government impacts on the trust building process.

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