scholarly journals A STUDY ON A CIVIL ENGINEER TAKASHI MIZUTANI AND HIS WORKS IN THE MULTIPLE-PURPOSE DEVELOPMENT WORKS OF RIVER BASIN IN THE EARLY STAGE

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Masahiko YASUI
Keyword(s):  
Civil Engineer ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Early Stage

Another Way of Early Pottery Distribution in Eastern Europe? Case Study of the Pezmog 4 Site, European Far Northeast

Radiocarbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 733-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor N Karmanov ◽  
Natalia E Zaretskaya ◽  
Alexander V Volokitin
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Early Pottery

A case study of the Neolithic comb ceramic site Pezmog 4 of the Kama culture presents a situation when results of radiocarbon dating change long-existing concepts concerning the development of archaeological events. Until the early 2000s, the chronology of the Kama culture, distributed mainly in the Kama and Vychegda River basins, has been based on comparative-typological analysis. Estimates of the age of this culture changed from the 3rd millennium BC in the 1950s to the 1st half of the 4th millennium BC by the 1990s. Research concerning the Pezmog 4 site in the central Vychegda River basin in 1999–2002 has abruptly changed this chronological understanding. The data obtained put the age of the early stage of Kama culture within the time range 5750–5620 cal BC and allowed us to propose the existence of another way of early pottery distribution in the forest zone of eastern Europe at the beginning of the 6th millennium BC. This innovation probably penetrated from the trans-Ural region.

Robust Infrastructure Sequencing and Management for Growing Food Energy and Water Demands in the Zambezi River Basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jazmin Zatarain Salazar ◽  
Federica Bertoni ◽  
Matteo Giuliani ◽  
Andrea Castelletti
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Food Energy ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Infrastructure Investments ◽  
Zambezi River Basin ◽  
Zambezi River

<p>Fast population growth and economic development in several African countries is driving large infrastructure investments for growing energy, food and water demands which will likely strain existing ecosystem services.  To minimize negative impacts and guarantee long-term success and sustainability of these investments,  careful management and temporal planning of existing and new infrastructure is required. Our study focuses on the Zambezi River Basin (ZRB), a transboundary system supporting key economic growth and poverty reduction across its multiple riparian countries, while sustaining essential ecosystem services.  The ZRB currently encompasses five hydropower dams, with three additional dams planned. The goal of this study is to generate efficient pathways that allow the temporal sequencing of planned dam projects along with robust management strategies that balance food, energy and environmental demands. A participatory approach is adopted at an early stage by running a Negotiation Simulation Lab (NSL) to elicit stakeholders’ preferences and concerns supporting both model development and formulation of the optimization problem. Specifically, the pathway design is structured in three stages: first, optimal control policies are generated using Evolutionary Multi-objective Direct Policy Search for all possible combinations of dams projects; the time of construction is subsequently optimized, including the update of the system operation when a new dam is built, by balancing the benefits and the costs of additional infrastructure investments which are activated by projections of population growth triggering higher water and energy demands, finally promising policies are tested under a broad set of irrigation demand and streamflow scenarios. Our analysis shows that the rising demands cause all the planned dams to be built within the planning horizon from 2020-2060.  The study also indicates that the operational preferences are key since they dictate the system’s performance across multiple objectives and this behavior prevails under a larger suite of plausible future scenarios.  Overall, our study provides a novel approach that integrates infrastructure investment planning that can be coupled with cooperative operations to meet growing regional demands while involving stakeholders in crucial stages of the decision making process.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals KAJIAN BERBAGAI TIPE PENGELOLAAN WILAYAH SUNGAI DI ASIA SEBAGAI ACUAN DALAM PENENTUAN SISTEM PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA AIR

GANEC SWARA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
NI MADE NIA BUNGA SURYA DEWI
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Water Policies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Management Capacity ◽  
Development Processes

   The  Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)  is  significant  to do  in order  to obtain water  supply availability including inter-sector perspective, diverse of  water future needs, and  its present availability and  orientation  towards  the  'triple bottom  line',  such as  social, economi,c and environment.  In  the past decade,  most  countries  in Asia  have  already  adopted  national water  policies  that  advocate  IWRM  in  river  basins.  However, IWRM implementation is still at an early stage. IWRM at the basin level is best provided by a River Basin Organization (RBO)  by facilitating  and/ or implementing  various  development  processes   and  management.  Across Asia, a variety of small and large RBOs are now helping governments and stakeholders to implement IWRM in river basins.  Some RBOs operate within the structures of regular government departments. In  other  cases,  however,  a  corporate  or  quasi-corporate model  has  been  selected,  to  provide  RBOs  with  greater  autonomy  in  their  management,  capacity  development,  and  revenue  generation.  The research attempts to  study distinction between  three  types of RBO: council/committee, public/ government,  and  corporation. Thus, it can determine  the most  appropriate  type  of  river management  applied  in  river  basin

Another Way of Early Pottery Distribution in Eastern Europe? Case Study of the Pezmog 4 Site, European Far Northeast

Radiocarbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (02) ◽  
pp. 733-741
Author(s):  
Victor N Karmanov ◽  
Natalia E Zaretskaya ◽  
Alexander V Volokitin
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Early Pottery

A case study of the Neolithic comb ceramic site Pezmog 4 of the Kama culture presents a situation when results of radiocarbon dating change long-existing concepts concerning the development of archaeological events. Until the early 2000s, the chronology of the Kama culture, distributed mainly in the Kama and Vychegda River basins, has been based on comparative-typological analysis. Estimates of the age of this culture changed from the 3rd millennium BC in the 1950s to the 1st half of the 4th millennium BC by the 1990s. Research concerning the Pezmog 4 site in the central Vychegda River basin in 1999–2002 has abruptly changed this chronological understanding. The data obtained put the age of the early stage of Kama culture within the time range 5750–5620 cal BC and allowed us to propose the existence of another way of early pottery distribution in the forest zone of eastern Europe at the beginning of the 6th millennium BC. This innovation probably penetrated from the trans-Ural region.

scholarly journals Invasion and Dispersion of the Exotic Species Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda Cambaridae) in Yeongsan River Basin, South Korea

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3489
Author(s):  
Jong-Yun Choi ◽  
Seong-Ki Kim ◽  
Jeong-Cheol Kim ◽  
Jong-Hak Yun
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Dispersion Pattern ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Ecosystem Risk

The introduction of exotic species negatively affects the distribution and interactions within local biological communities in an ecosystem and can threaten ecosystem health. This study aimed to provide the basic data required to manage P. clarkii in the Yeongsan River basin. We identified the dispersion pattern and evaluated the ecosystem risk of this newly introduced species. The distribution survey investigated Procambarus clarkii populations at 25 sites in the Yeongsan River basin over a four-year period. The initial introduction occurred in Jiseok Stream. The larvae of P. clarkii were most abundant in areas with a dense aquatic plant cover, whereas adults preferred silt/clay areas. The alterations in the water flow by the river refurbishment project (carried out in 2012) increased their preferred habitats and contributed to P. clarkii dispersion. However, stable isotope analysis showed that the dispersion has had little effect on the freshwater ecosystem. The interrelationship between P. clarkii (i.e., larvae and adults) and other biological communities has been limited. Although the rapid dispersion by P. clarkii in the Yeongsan River basin has not impacted the freshwater ecosystem, further ecological information is required on how to manage P. clarkii beyond this early stage of invasion.

scholarly journals On the development of the Sargatka Culture in the Tobol River basin region (based on materials of the Ustyug-1 burial ground)

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
N.P. Matveeva ◽  
M.M. Prokonova ◽  
I.Iu. Ovchinnikov
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Basin Region

The article is concerned with characteristics of funeral traditions of the Sargatka Culture population based on materials of the Ustyug-1 burial ground located in the Zavodoukovsky District of Tyumen Region. Six barrows of the Early Iron Age were studied in the area. Mounds 5 (5th–3rd c. BC), 51 and 52 (5th–4th c. BC) belong to the early stage of the culture. Sargatka burials of mounds 27 and 49 (3rd–2nd c. BC) were made during the middle stage. Burial from mound 56 (2nd–3rd c. AD) belongs to the final period of the Sargatka Culture of the Early Iron Age. Thus, burials in the Ustyug-1 necropolis were made during the entire time of existence of the Sargatka Culture. The comparison of different periods of functioning of the cemetery within the same culture and microregion re-vealed a number of characteristic features of the complex in the context of the historical development of the Early Iron Age cultures in the forest-steppe zone. Furthermore, it was possible to trace the process of formation of the culture in the Tobol River basin, the composition and status of the individual groups of the population, and the nature of cultural ties. We conclude that the variation between the objects of different periods reflects the deve-lopmental stages of the Sargatka Culture in the local microregion. In the early stage of the culture, part of its population migrated from the east into the Tobol basin region. It was transformed here under the influence of local groups of the Baitovo Culture on the one hand, and certain groups of steppe nomads on the other. The burial rite of the local population changed dramatically as a result of contacts between the bearers of the Sargatka Culture and nomadic groups. This indicates the strengthening of the Iranian worldview component in the Sargatka envi-ronment. At the next stage, the interaction of the local population with the nomads of the Sarmatian circle became more active, and the level of militarization of the local population increased. In the late period, social stratification within the Sargatka Сulture society increased, which was accompanied by an increase in prestigious consumption. This was expressed in a clear separation of the elite funeral rite from the ordinary one. The study of such monu-ments, which existed for a long time, can help us to understand the processes of formation and extinction of cultures.

Effective Flood Control Through Integrated and Collaborative Dam Operation at Three Dams in the Upper Nabari River

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 540-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayoshi Matsumura ◽  
◽  
Hiroshi Kamiya ◽  
Naohiro Yoshida ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Rainfall Forecast ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Runoff Analysis ◽  
Flexible Operation

Heavy rain with Typhoon 18 threatened the Nabari River Basin, Kansai region, with inundation early on the morning of October 8, 2009. The Nabari River is a tributary of the Yodo river basin that contains Osaka and Kyoto and runs through Nabari City, which is a residential zone a commutable distance from Osaka city. In the upper reaches of the Nabari, there are three multipurpose dams – Shorenji Dam, Hinachi Dam, and Murou Dam – that are operated by the Kizugawa Integrated Dam Control and Management Office (KIDCMO), a branch office of the Japan Water Agency (JWA). Since it rained heavily downstream from the three dams, regular operation of the dams complying with given flood control regulations appeared unable to save Nabari City from inundation. The JWA and Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) therefore conducted collaborative operation of the three dams to avoid inundating the city. In this case, flood control operation of the three dams commenced at an early stage before inflow reached defined flood discharge in consideration of the water level of the Nabari River, rainfall conditions, and the capacity of reservoirs. During operation, discharge from dams was changed in a timely manner and appropriately through collaborative operation of the three dams in order to maximize the effectiveness of all flood control capacities of reservoirs based on the latest rainfall forecast technology and runoff analysis. The use of improved rainfall forecast technology and runoff analysis models enabled effective application of flexible operation protocols. It is estimated that this operation has resulted in a 1.5 m decrease in the water level at the Nabari design control point and saved approximately 1,200 households from inundation. Considering recent climate change, it is possible to have extreme rainfall more often. The proof of the adaptability of this flexible operation is quite meaningful not only for flood damage mitigation in the downstream but also for future prospects of flood control by dams.

Alterations in the number of motoneurons containing immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)& choline acetyltransferase(ChAT) in the cervical spinal cord of the wobbler mouse during the development of the motoneuron disease

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 970-971
Author(s):  
L. Vacca-Galloway ◽  
Y.Q. Zhang ◽  
P. Bose ◽  
S.H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Wild Type Mouse ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Wobbler Mouse ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Stage 1

The Wobbler mouse (wr) has been studied as a model for inherited human motoneuron diseases (MNDs). Using behavioral tests for forelimb power, walking, climbing, and the “clasp-like reflex” response, the progress of the MND can be categorized into early (Stage 1, age 21 days) and late (Stage 4, age 3 months) stages. Age-and sex-matched normal phenotype littermates (NFR/wr) were used as controls (Stage 0), as well as mice from two related wild-type mouse strains: NFR/N and a C57BI/6N. Using behavioral tests, we also detected pre-symptomatic Wobblers at postnatal ages 7 and 14 days. The mice were anesthetized and perfusion-fixed for immunocytochemical (ICC) of CGRP and ChAT in the spinal cord (C3 to C5).Using computerized morphomety (Vidas, Zeiss), the numbers of IR-CGRP labelled motoneurons were significantly lower in 14 day old Wobbler specimens compared with the controls (Fig. 1). The same trend was observed at 21 days (Stage 1) and 3 months (Stage 4). The IR-CGRP-containing motoneurons in the Wobbler specimens declined progressively with age.

Automated high-resolution microscopy: the approaches so far

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
W. O. Saxton
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Automatic Recording ◽  
Microprocessor Control ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Complete Automation ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
High Resolution Microscopy

Recent commercial microscopes with internal microprocessor control of all major functions have already demonstrated some of the benefits anticipated from such systems, such as continuous magnification, rotation-free diffraction and magnification, automatic recording of mutually registered focal series, and fewer control knobs. Complete automation of the focusing, stigmating and alignment of a high resolution microscope, allowing focal series to be recorded at preselected focus values as well, is still imminent rather than accomplished, however; some kind of image pick-up and analysis system, fed with the electron image via a TV camera, is clearly essential for this, but several alternative systems and algorithms are still being explored. This paper reviews the options critically in turn, and stresses the need to consider alignment and focusing at an early stage, and not merely as an optional extension to a basic proposal.

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