EFFECTIVENESS OF ICT MULTIPLEXING AND DIRECT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN PAVEMENT INSPECTION IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki KINOSHITA ◽  
Yasutaka SAGAWA
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Direct Management

scholarly journals INTRODUCING MORE TRANSPARENT AND EFFICIENT LAND MANAGEMENT IN POST‐SOCIALIST CITIES: LESSONS FROM KYRGYZSTAN

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kaganova ◽  
Abdirasul Akmatov ◽  
Charles Undeland
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Public Deliberation ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Property Registration

The Urban Institute (UI) worked with five cities in post‐Soviet Kyrgyzstan to apply better management practices through the development of Strategic Land Management Plans. Kyrgyzstan transferred property to local governments, but municipal land management had remained poor owing to a proliferation of responsible agencies, lack of rule of law, corruption, and passiveness on the part of local governments. UI worked with local governments to make an inventory of municipal land, publicize the results, and develop a strategy that articulated principles for land management and an implementation plan. This led to several improvements including proper registration of parcels and proactive policies to lease and sell land through open competition. It also established a model for determining public policy that countered corruption and public deliberation of costs and benefits in the use of local assets. Donor involvement to promote good land legislation, the property registration system, and decentralization was also critical to success. Santrauka Urbanistikos institutas bendradarbiavo su penkiais posovietinės Kirgizijos miestais, kad, plėtodamas strateginės žemėtvarkos planus, įvestų geresnę vadybos praktiką. Kirgizijoje nuosavybė perduota vietos valdžiai, tačiau žemėtvarkos būklė savivaldybėse išliko vargana dėl atsakingų tarnybų gausos, įstatymų trūkumo, korupcijos ir vietos valdžios pasyvumo. Urbanistikos institutas bendradarbiavo su vietos valdžia, siekdamas inventorizuoti savivaldybių žemę, paskelbti rezultatus ir sukurti strategiją, pabrėžiančią žemėtvarkos principus ir įgyvendinimo planą. Tai leido kai ką patobulinti, įskaitant deramą sklypų registravimą ir aktyvią žemės nuomos bei pardavimo per atvirus konkursus politiką. Be to, sudarytas modelis, nustatantis viešąją politiką, kovojančią su korupcija, ir viešus sąnaudų ir naudos svarstymus naudojant vietinį turtą. Prie gerų žemės įstatymų, nuosavybės registravimo sistemos ir decentralizacijos sėkmingo propagavimo daug prisidėjo ir rėmėjai.

Understanding the impact of mandatory accrual accounting on management practices: interpretation of Japanese local governments’ behavior

2021 ◽  
pp. 002085232198895
Author(s):  
Makoto Kuroki ◽  
Keiko Ishikawa ◽  
Kiyoshi Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Institutional Pressures ◽  
Accrual Accounting ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Accompanying the spread of “new public management” since the 1980s, accrual accounting and results-based management has become a global standard. However, whether accrual accounting results in successful outcomes and which drivers lead to the intended impacts of the reform have been contested. Given the mixed arguments in the literature, we set out two research questions: (1) “Have public sector organizations realized any positive impacts on management practices by adopting mandatory accrual accounting?”; and (2) “What are the primary drivers of such impacts?” To answer these questions, we examine the impact on management practices by analyzing a survey to ascertain how financial department officers in Japanese local governments perceive the benefits of adopting mandatory accrual accounting on management practices. The results indicate that they have so far not recognized the intended benefits, though they had expected higher benefits in internal control. Then, we use technical-rational, socio-political, and institutional isomorphic perspectives in a comprehensive approach to understand the impacts on management practices. The logistic analysis shows that financial managers in local governments that do not have a majority party in the assembly, but consist of several parties in power, as well as in those with greater financial dependence on the central government, perceive higher benefits. Further, we find that financial managers that imitate other local governments as a form of mimetic pressure perceive fewer benefits. The results show that some technical-rational tools, socio-political conditions, and institutional pressures change the perceived benefits for public managers of adopting mandatory accrual accounting. Points for practitioners We find that some technical-rational, socio-political, and institutional factors explain the intended internal benefits of the mandatory adoption of accrual accounting. In practice, financial managers in local government feel the merits of accrual accounting in less autonomy in not only politics, but also finance, and few mimetic conditions. It might be understood that difficult situations would drive practitioners to use mandatory information.

scholarly journals Agile and Lean approaches: possibilities of application in local self-government bodies of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Olena Bortnik
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Iso Standards ◽  
Private And Public

The article considers the concepts and history of Agile and Lean, the possibility of application in local self-government in Ukraine, analysis of the experience of local government in other countries. The aim of the article is to find ways to learn the best experience to improve the work of local self-government in Ukraine.Foreign publications related to the possibility of implementing the Agile methodology in the field of public administration and local self-government are analyzed. Examples of interaction and mutual influence of Agile and Lean are given. Demonstrates how references in international ISO standards to the above-mentioned methodologies, values and ways of thinking are used. ISO standards for management systems are universal and can be applied by both private and public sector organizations. One of the main ideas behind the standards is continuous improvement based on the PDCA cycle, and organizations that have implemented management systems such as ISO 9001 can use international best practices, tools and techniques to improve efficiency and effectiveness, satisfaction of customers and other interested parties and reduce unwanted losses. Such methods are those which are considered in this article. Historically, most management practices have emerged in the private sector, driven by a competitive environment. And then adapts to public administration and local government. In Ukraine, the process of decentralization of local self-government is gaining momentum. Sustainable development of local self-government is the basis for ensuring the comfort and quality of life of the local communities. In a rapidly changing environment, there is a need to find new management approaches. It is proposed to conduct short-term pilot projects to test the Agile method in local governments. It is advisable to include consideration of the methods specified in the article in training and retraining of employees. Continuous improvement requires, first of all, a change in organizational culture and awareness and involvement of staff for the most effective implementation of world best practices.

Nutrient composition of pastoralist's raw milk of different breeds of cattle in Adamawa and Taraba states, Northeastern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
Z. Adamu ◽  
M. B. Ardo ◽  
Y. H. Aliyara
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Content Range

This study was carried out to determine the proximate composition of raw milk produced in pastoral settlements. Six hundred pastoralists' raw milk samples were collected from 20 local governments in Adamawa and Taraba states, Nigeria. Milk samples were collected from White Fulani (WF), Red Bororo (RB) and Sokoto Gudali (SG) breeds of cattle and were analyzed for protein, fat, ash and moisture contents. The protein content ranged between 3.62±0.38% -3.95±0.11% in WF, 3.29±0.8% - 3.94±0.10% in RB and 3.31±0.27%- 3.95±0.09% in SG in Adamawa and Taraba states. The fat content ranged between 3.55±0.47% - 3.99±0.03% in WF, 3.98±0.04% - 3.98±0.06% in RB and 3.32±0.20% - 3.45±0.27% in SG. The ash content recorded was between 0.40±0.06% -0.41±0.04% in WF, 0.40±0.06% - 0.43±0.07% in RB and0.39±0.06% - 0.41±0.08% in SG, and the moisture content in Adamawa and Taraba states were between 83.52±2.07% - 84.00±0.57% in WF, 82.28±1.05% - 83.73±0.63% in RB and 82.90±1.48% - 83.56±1.35%in SG. The study from the two states revealed protein value between 3.29± 0.8% - 3.95±0.11%, fat content range of3.32±0.20% - 3.99±0.03%, ash content of between 0.39± 0.06% - 0.43±0.07% and moisture content that ranged between 82.28± 1.05% - 84.00±0.57%. Constituents of milkfrom Taraba state were higher in values than those from Adamawa sate. The statistical analysis of the results at95% confidence level showed significant difference among breeds and states. In comparison, the three breeds that resided in Adamawa state had least values, which could be attributed to herd management practices. This study showed that all the three pastoralists' breeds indicated desirable components in their milk Cross breeding with higher breeds and provision of quality feed and water may lead to better yield in all the breeds in this study.

“Measuring up”: a systematic literature review of performance measurement in Australia and New Zealand local government

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Johnsson ◽  
Matthew Pepper ◽  
Oriana Milani Price ◽  
Lauren P. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Systematic Review Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Starting Point

Purpose Measurement practices have long been considered vital for informing the management of performance in organisations. Their application to local governments is a more recent, yet multi-decade phenomenon facilitated by New Public Management trends. This paper aims to review the landscape of publications that discuss performance measurement (PM) practices in Australian and New Zealand local government contexts and identify implications for future research. Design/methodology/approach A systematic review methodology was used to identify a shortlist of publications. Next, a rating-based researcher appraisal process was applied. Multiple iterations of search and appraisal were conducted to form the basis for inductive thematic analysis and synthesis. Findings Analysing 65 PM publications, two interrelated themes, namely, discourses of performance as efficiency, accountability or strategic growth and change were identified, which influence the adoption of local PM tools and frameworks. As demands for strategic growth and more complex service delivery increase, strategic and localised adaptation of PMs may be required to integrate learning and communicative competencies with technical and operational capabilities. Research limitations/implications The systematic review methodology has been applied to address some of the limitations of publication and reporting biases in literature. This research provides a starting point for future investigations and broadening of discourse in local government contexts. Originality/value This paper represents the first systematic review of 1995–2020 publications on performance management practices used by local governments in Australia and New Zealand.

Technical Guidance for Implementing BMPs in the Coastal Zone

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Frederick ◽  
S. A. Dressing
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Nonpoint Source ◽  
Nonpoint Pollution ◽  
Nps Pollution ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Technical Guidance

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) released the Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters on January 14, 1993. This document is EPA's technical guidance on the best affordable ways to reduce or prevent nonpoint source (NPS) pollution in the coastal zone. The authors believe that it is currently the most comprehensive summary of best management practices (BMPs) available. The guidance contains BMPs for the control of NPS pollution from agriculture, forestry, urban areas, marinas, and hydromodification (channels, dams, and stream and shoreline erosion). Wetlands, riparian areas, and vegetated treatment systems are addressed in the guidance as additional options to control nonpoint pollution. The guidance also includes monitoring and compliance tracking techniques to accompany the management measures. EPA and NOAA are developing approaches to help states, local governments, and affected parties understand and use the technical guidance in their coastal nonpoint source programs. Although final decisions have not yet been made, this paper summarizes the current thinking regarding this technical assistance.

Community gardens in post-socialist Hungary: Differences and similarities

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-228
Author(s):  
Csaba Bende ◽  
Gyula Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
Online Research ◽  
Critical Geography ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
The Usa

Interest of scholars in community gardens has skyrocketed recently. However, little is known about how community gardens are adopted in post-socialist countries and what modifications took place. The present article aims to identify spatial differences and management practices of gardens organized in Hungary from a critical geography perspective. The paper presents the findings of a nationwide research based on online research and interviewing including 44 community gardens. Results show that in contrast to the gardens in the USA, these located in Hungary are organized on the peripheries (of cities) and local governments play a significant role in organizing and managing them.

scholarly journals THE INSTITUTE OF COUNSELOR IN THE DOMESTIC SYSTEM OF PUBLIC SERVICE: THE STATE AND PROBLEMS OF LEGAL FIXING

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
O. Pronevych
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
The Right

The article is devoted to understanding the specifics of the social mission and the state of legal consolidation of the administrative legal personality of councilors in public authorities and local governments. It is emphasized that the problem of selection of candidates for the positions of advisers to the heads of public authorities is the subject of lively discussion, as a rather controversial collective image of the adviser has formed in the public consciousness. This is due to his belonging to officials who hold a particularly responsible position and perform official duties in the presence of a high level of corruption risks. It is established that the commitment of candidates for advisers is carried out in the context of providing scientific support for the formation and implementation of public policy, implementation of best management practices, finding optimal management and legal algorithms for resolving conflicts, improving the quality of management decisions. The urgent need to improve the domestic service legislation by adopting a special law on patronage service in order to unify the legal framework for the organization and operation of patronage services. First of all, it is necessary to normatively enshrine the right of specific public authorities to establish a patronage service, to provide an exhaustive list of patronage service positions for each of these bodies, to provide the right of equal access to patronage service, to introduce a single mechanism for selection and appointment of patronage service employees. professional achievements and personal business qualities, to differentiate their powers depending on the specifics of public authority of individual officials, which create patronage services. There is also a need to specify the functions, main tasks and powers of advisers to heads of public authorities, articulation of basic qualification requirements for candidates for advisers, clear definition of legal bases of interaction of advisers with career civil servants and communication with civil society institutions, articulation of moral and ethical imperatives. official activity of advisers. Keywords: public service, patronage service, adviser in state authorities and local self-government bodies, staff adviser, advisor on a voluntary basis.

scholarly journals Identification of the population source of free-ranging cats threatening endemic species on Tokunoshima Island, Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-727
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Kazato ◽  
Yuya Watari ◽  
Tadashi Miyashita
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Landscape Factors ◽  
Population Source ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Free-ranging cats Felis silvestris catus are harmful to endemic species, especially on islands. Effective management practices require an understanding of their habitat use and population source at the landscape level. We aimed to identify the source of the free-ranging cat population on Tokunoshima Island, Japan, which harbors a variety of endemic organisms as well as human settlements. Trapping data for the whole island were provided by local governments, and landscape factors (residential, agricultural, and woodlot areas and cattle barn density) affecting cat density were explored. An analysis of live-capture data indicated that the density (per 1 km2) of free-ranging cats was positively correlated with the densities of cattle barns and woodlot areas and negatively correlated with residential areas. An interview survey revealed that nearly half of the cattle barns feed free-ranging cats. The source habitat of free-ranging cats appears to be areas with a high density of cattle barns and a high percentage of woodlots in human-dominated landscapes. Feeding cats in cattle barns may strengthen the bottom-up process of population growth on the island. To reduce the impact of cats on endemic species on Tokunoshima Island, efforts to stop feeding cats in cattle barns are important. Reaching a consensus with stakeholders will require further studies of the ecological risks posed by free-ranging cats.

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