scholarly journals Gender-Responsive Budgeting: Moving Women in China Further Along the Road to Full Equality

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Marilyn Marks Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Road ◽  
Tax Reduction ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Household Incomes

Over the past 25 years, the progress toward gender equity has gained momentum in most parts of the world, and has been galvanized by significant actions taken by the international community of nations. There has also been a growing worldwide awareness that governments’ budget decisions relating to both revenues and expenditures can be critical in promoting gender equity. For example, on the expenditure side of the budget, a government’s reduction of agricultural subsidies could impact heavily on women who generally comprise the bulk of farm workers, especially in developing countries. Restoring, or even increasing, the subsidies could increase household incomes, raise agricultural production and improve the quality of life for all villagers. On the revenue side, an income tax rate reduction would primarily benefit men whose incomes are generally greater than those of women. Changing the structure of the tax reduction to, perhaps, a tax credit could result in a more equitable gender distribution of the benefits of lower taxes. Several terms including “women’s budgets,” “gender budgets,” “gender-sensitive budgets,” and “gender-responsive budgets” have been used to describe government budgets that incorporate a gender perspective. In my paper, I use the term “gender-responsive budget” (GRB) to define a government budget that explicitly integrates gender into any or all parts of the decision-making process regarding expenditures and/or revenues. I use the term “GRB initiative” to include: (1) the actual integration of a gender perspective into any or all aspects of budget decisions; and (2) an organized movement to influence government to incorporate a gender perspective into its budget decisions. Thus defined, GRB initiatives have been undertaken in more than 60 countries at the national and/or subnational levels of government. The purpose of my paper is to show how the lessons learned in these GRB initiatives can be applied in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) where the equal treatment of women is a goal that has yet to be fully realized along most dimensions, including education, health, economic prosperity and political involvement.

scholarly journals Gender-Responsive Budgeting: Moving Women in China Further Along the Road to Full Equality

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Marilyn Marks Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Road ◽  
Tax Reduction ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Household Incomes

Over the past 25 years, the progress toward gender equity has gained momentum in most parts of the world, and has been galvanized by significant actions taken by the international community of nations. There has also been a growing worldwide awareness that governments’ budget decisions relating to both revenues and expenditures can be critical in promoting gender equity. For example, on the expenditure side of the budget, a government’s reduction of agricultural subsidies could impact heavily on women who generally comprise the bulk of farm workers, especially in developing countries. Restoring, or even increasing, the subsidies could increase household incomes, raise agricultural production and improve the quality of life for all villagers. On the revenue side, an income tax rate reduction would primarily benefit men whose incomes are generally greater than those of women. Changing the structure of the tax reduction to, perhaps, a tax credit could result in a more equitable gender distribution of the benefits of lower taxes. Several terms including “women’s budgets,” “gender budgets,” “gender-sensitive budgets,” and “gender-responsive budgets” have been used to describe government budgets that incorporate a gender perspective. In my paper, I use the term “gender-responsive budget” (GRB) to define a government budget that explicitly integrates gender into any or all parts of the decision-making process regarding expenditures and/or revenues. I use the term “GRB initiative” to include: (1) the actual integration of a gender perspective into any or all aspects of budget decisions; and (2) an organized movement to influence government to incorporate a gender perspective into its budget decisions. Thus defined, GRB initiatives have been undertaken in more than 60 countries at the national and/or subnational levels of government. The purpose of my paper is to show how the lessons learned in these GRB initiatives can be applied in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) where the equal treatment of women is a goal that has yet to be fully realized along most dimensions, including education, health, economic prosperity and political involvement.

scholarly journals Sin equidad de género no hay desarrollo

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Miryan Zúñiga Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
And Gender

Resumen: El presente artículo analiza la problemáticadel desarrollo socioeconómico en Latinoamérica a la luzde la perspectiva de género; articulando tres conceptosesenciales, desarrollo, género y perspectiva de género,se afirma que sin equidad de género no hay desarrollo.A partir de los aportes mencionados, se contempla laposibilidad de integrar indicadores que incluyan la relaciónhombre-mujer en la planificación del desarrollo endiversas instituciones y organismos internacionales, quepermitan evaluar la situación específica de las mujeres y agran escala generar procesos de desarrollo humanizados.Palabras claves: desarrollo, género, perspectiva de género,indicadores de género, planificación.No Development Is Possible without Gender EquityAbstract: The present article analyzes the problematicof socioeconomic development in Latin America in lightof the gender perspective. Articulating three essentialconcepts, development, gender and gender perspective,the conclusion is reached that no gender equity means nodevelopment. The possibility is contemplated of integratingindicators that include gender relations in developmentplanning in diverse institutions and internationalorganizations, in order to evaluate the specific situationof women and to generate large-scale humanized developmentprocesses.Key Words: development, gender, gender perspective,gender indicators, planning.

scholarly journals Discourse analysis of gender equality and non-discrimination laws and strategies

Temida ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-117
Author(s):  
Zorana Antonijevic ◽  
Kosana Beker
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Specific Policy ◽  
The Law ◽  
And Gender

Based on the contemporary research on gender and language, using the method of discourse analysis applied to the laws and policies, this article explains how certain linguistic practice, in the context of the administrative discourse, produces meaning that may or may not contribute to its better understanding and more efficient implementation. Through discourse analysis of gender equality and non-discrimination laws and strategies in Serbia, it has been shown how and with what consequences the socio-political and academic elites affect defining and promoting certain concepts (gender, sex, gender equality, discrimination) in one social and historical moment. The paper is placed in the theoretical framework of three visions of gender equality: perspective of equal treatment, women?s perspectives and gender perspective (Booth, Bennett 2002), that are corresponding to the three strategies for achieving gender equality: equal treatment, specific policy of gender equality and gender mainstreaming (Verloo, 2001). The discourse analysis of the Law on Gender Equality (2009), the National Strategy for the Improvement of the Position of Women and Advancement of Gender Equality (2009), the Law on Prohibition of Discrimination (2009) and the Strategy for Prevention and Protection against Discrimination (2013), has shown the context of use and meaning of terms gender and sex, as well as implications it has on their potential to change the existing paradigms and understanding of gender equality, and the implementation of policies in Serbia. Analysis of the use of terms sex and gender in the most important legal and strategic documents for achieving gender equality, showed that the choice of certain categories and terms is always a political choice. The authors show how these documents are written in the key of two gender perspectives and strategies: equal treatment and the specific policy of gender equality, while the third - introduction of a gender perspective and gender mainstreaming is almost not mentioned, although it is consider to have the greatest potential for transformation of existing patterns of power and hierarchy in society (Booth, Bennett, 2002; Verloo 2005; Walby, 2011). While it is clear that neither laws nor strategies can reflect the complete corpus of knowledge and ideology of gender equality and feminist theory, it is essential that they, at the discourse level, act as a source of new knowledge and understanding of these concepts. Better connection between these documents and the contemporary feminist theory, the use of knowledge accumulated within gender studies, as well as their consistent linguistic and terminological compatibility and innovation, would contribute to a better understanding of concepts, terminology and knowledge of gender equality among the general public.

Feminist Perspective in Shashi Deshpande's “That Long Silence”

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahashan ◽  
Dr. Sapna Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Feminist Movement ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Simone De Beauvoir ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Key Aspects

Man has always tried  to determine  and tamper the image of woman and especially her identity is manipulated and orchestrated. Whenever a woman is spoken of, it is always in the relation to man; she is presented as a wife , mother, daughter and even as a lover but never as a woman  a human being- a separate entity. Her entire life is idealized and her fundamental rights and especially her behaviour is engineered by the adherents of patriarchal society. Commenting  on the Man-woman relationship in a marital bond Simone de Beauvoir wrote in her epoch-making book entitled The Second Sex(1949): "It has been said that marriage diminishes man,  which is often true , but almost always it annihilates women". Feminist movement advocates the equal rights and equal opportunities for women. The true spirit of feminism is into look at women and men as human beings. There should not be gender bias or discrimination in familial and social life. To secure gender justice and gender equity is the key aspects of feminist movement. In India, women writers have come forward to voice their feminist approach to life and the patriarchal family set up. They believe that the very notion of gender is not only biotic and biologic episode but it has a social construction.

scholarly journals Sex and gender differences in nutrition research: considerations with the transgender and gender nonconforming population

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney Linsenmeyer ◽  
Jennifer Waters
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Nutrition Interventions ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
And Gender

AbstractA sex- and gender-informed approach to study design, analysis and reporting has particular relevance to the transgender and gender nonconforming population (TGNC) where sex and gender identity differ. Notable research gaps persist related to dietary intake, validity and reliability of nutrition assessment methods, and nutrition interventions with TGNC populations. This is due in part to the conflation of sex and gender into one binary category (male or female) in many nutrition surveillance programs worldwide. Adoption of the Sex and Gender Equity In Research (SAGER) guidelines and the two-step method of querying sex and gender has the potential to exponentially increase the body of research related to TGNC health.

scholarly journals Sex as a Prognostic Factor in Systematic Reviews: Challenges and Lessons Learned

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Elena Stallings ◽  
Alba Antequera ◽  
Jesús López-Alcalde ◽  
Miguel García-Martín ◽  
Gerard Urrútia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Disease State ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Baseline Factor ◽  
Clinical Domain ◽  
Made In

Sex is a common baseline factor collected in studies that has the potential to be a prognostic factor (PF) in several clinical areas. In recent years, research on sex as a PF has increased; however, this influx of new studies frequently shows conflicting results across the same treatment or disease state. Thus, systematic reviews (SRs) addressing sex as a PF may help us to better understand diseases and further personalize healthcare. We wrote this article to offer insights into the challenges we encountered when conducting SRs on sex as a PF and suggestions on how to overcome these obstacles, regardless of the clinical domain. When carrying out a PF SR with sex as the index factor, it is important to keep in mind the modifications that must be made in various SR stages, such as modifying the PF section of CHARMS-PF, adjusting certain sections of QUIPS and extracting data on the sex and gender terms used throughout the studies. In this paper, we provide an overview of the lessons learned from carrying out our reviews on sex as a PF in different disciplines and now call on researchers, funding agencies and journals to realize the importance of studying sex as a PF.

Does crossing the road in a group influence pedestrians’ gaze behavior?

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1938-1942
Author(s):  
Mirjam Lanzer ◽  
Martin Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Gender Influence ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users ◽  
Group Members ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Group Characteristics

So far, research on pedestrians’ gaze behavior while crossing roads has mainly focused on individual pedestrians rather than groups. However, pedestrians often travel in groups especially in downtown areas. This observational study investigated how group characteristics (group size and movement of the group), situational factors (presence of traffic), and demographic variables (age and gender) influence pedestrians’ gaze behavior towards traffic during road crossing. A total of N = 197 pedestrians were observed of whom n = 24 traveled alone, n = 128 traveled in groups of two or three, and n = 45 traveled in groups of four or more. Results indicated that with increasing group size, the odds to observe traffic decreased. Diffusion of responsibility among group members might explain this effect. Finally, pedestrians’ group characteristics should be considered when developing automated vehicles that interact with vulnerable road users.

Health and Gender Comparisons in the Long-Haul Trucking Industry

AAOHN Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 405-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane M. Layne ◽  
Bonnie Rogers ◽  
Susan A. Randolph
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Health Care Information ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Trade Magazines ◽  
And Gender

This descriptive pilot study was conducted to determine whether health conditions and health care access differ between male and female long-haul truck drivers. Data indicated that 54% of men and 66% of women had a health care provider, but 21% of men and 35% of women had no health insurance. Male and female drivers both reported common health problems (e.g., back pain, sinus problems, hypertension, headaches, and arthritis). While working, drivers of each gender often waited until returning home to seek treatment for health problems. Approximately half of the drivers expressed dissatisfaction with health care while “on the road.” Occupational and environmental health nurses could address the health needs of drivers by conducting examinations and distributing wellness information at truck stop clinics and from mobile health vans, posting health information within truck stop driver lounges, creating interactive websites with real-time health care information, attending trucker trade shows to conduct health screenings, or providing health information through occupational or trade magazines and newsletters.

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