scholarly journals Chinese Administrative Reforms: A Replica or Derivative of the Western NPM Model?

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengzhong Zhang ◽  
Marc Holzer
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
National Context ◽  
Theoretical Level ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

At the theoretical level in the public administration community, there is an ongoing debate as to whether public administration principles can be universally applied to any country or whether they are bounded by political, economic, social, cultural, historical, environmental and traditional factors. While there is an increasing observation in the 21st century that convergence of administrative reforms between developing and developed countries has great momentum, this paper argues that national context plays a significant (if not vital) role in a specific country’s administrative reforms. To put this argument in context, the paper examines similar and dissimilar features of Chinese administrative reforms with that of USA, with a conclusion that Chinese administrative reform is not a replica, but rather a derivative, of the Western NPM Model.

Evolution of the public administration system. The Republic of Estonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-118
Author(s):  
YANA TOOM ◽  
◽  
VALENTINA V. KOMLEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Administration System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic

The article studies the main stages and features of the evolution of the public administration system in the Republic of Estonia after 1992. This paper presents brief geographical and socio-economic characteristics that largely determine the development of the country’s public administration. The evolution of the institution of the presidency, executive, and legislative powers are considered. The role of parliament and mechanisms for coordinating the interests of different groups of the population for the development of the country is especially emphasized. The authors analyze the state and administrative reforms of recent years, which were aimed at improving the quality of services provided to the population, increasing the competitiveness of different parts of Estonia, as well as optimizing public spending and management structure. The introduction of digital technologies into the sphere of public administration, healthcare, education, and the social sphere is of a notable place. Such phenomena as e-residency, e-federation, and other digital projects are considered. The development of a digital system of interstate interaction between Estonia and Finland made it possible to create the world’s first e-federation, and the digitization of all strategically important information and its transfer to cloud storage speaks of the creation of the world’s first e-residency, a special residence of data outside the country’s borders to ensure digital continuity and statehood in the event of critical malfunctions or external threats.

Public service bargains and non-partisan ministerial advisors: servants of two masters

2020 ◽  
pp. 002085232095521
Author(s):  
Rose Cole
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Distinct Subgroup ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Administrative Action ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Different Levels

To what extent can the public service bargain framework be applied to non-partisan ministerial advisors? Public service bargains are defined as ‘explicit or implicit agreements between public servants – the civil or uniformed services of the state – and those they serve’. The public service bargain framework has increasingly been used as an analytical tool with which to examine the elements of the bargain as experienced by various actors in different jurisdictions. The elements of the public service bargain framework are explored through the experiences of a distinct subgroup of non-partisan advisors – portfolio private secretaries – serving in the politicised environment of ministers’ offices. The minister’s office has been characterised as the ‘purple zone’ where politics (represented by the colour blue) and administration (represented by the colour red) converge to transform political will into administrative action. This qualitative research article: briefly reviews the public service bargain literature; describes the actors and setting; gives voice to their experience of the public service bargain; applies the public service bargain heuristic; and reveals new insights into how the public service bargain operates with dual principals. Points for practitioners The public service bargain framework allows for dual principal–single agent relationships within public administration settings. Applying the public service bargain heuristic to this group of non-partisan advisors: enables a view of how the public service bargain operates at different levels (macro, meso and micro); shows that the public service bargain for these advisors has changed over time in response to administrative reforms; and demonstrates that these advisors are professionally and personally affected through the misaligned expectations of dual principals.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Economic Impact of Bovine Tuberculosis on Livestock Farms in South-Western Spain

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2433
Author(s):  
Rosario Pérez-Morote ◽  
Carolina Pontones-Rosa ◽  
Christian Gortázar-Schmidt ◽  
Álvaro Ignacio Muñoz-Cardona
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Western Spain ◽  
Wild Hosts

Pasture-based livestock farming generates income in regions with limited resources and is key to biodiversity conservation. However, costs derived from fighting disease can make the difference between profit and loss, eventually compromising farm survival. Animal TB (TB), a chronic infection of cattle and other domestic and wild hosts, is one of the primary limitations of beef cattle farming in some parts of Europe. When an animal tests positive for TB, a loss of profit is caused in the farm, which is due mainly to the animal’s slaughter, replacement of the slaughtered animal and the need to immobilize the rest of the herd. We estimated the economic impact in terms of loss of profit as a result of incremental costs and forgone incomes. We show that farms with a larger number of heads are more capable of dealing with the loss of profit caused by the disease. The quantification of the loss of profit contributes to the ongoing debate on the co-sharing of TB costs between government and farmers. The compensation farmers receive from the public administration to mitigate the economic effects of the disease control interventions is only intended to balance the loss due to slaughter of the infected cattle, being the loss of profit a more global concept.

Social Co-Governance

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-83
Author(s):  
Wang Chunting ◽  
Lan Yuxin
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Legitimation Crisis ◽  
New Public ◽  
Governance Tools ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Reforms ◽  
Political Economic

In the past 20-30 years, industrialization and informatization made the society more complicated and social conflicts more difficult to deal with; citizens and their demands diversified, and we are now in urgent need of a new public administration model that suits the changed political, economic, and social conditions. Governance thus emerged worldwide, promoting government reforms and public participation, and urging the government to delegate and empower, and quit the fields that they are not good at managing. Scholars discuss the reasons for the emergence of governance from the perspectives of managerialism, the rise of civil society, and administrative reforms. But these are not the only reasons for governance to rise to prominence. It emerged, in a way, in response to the “legitimation crisis” described by Jurgen Habermas. As society develops, citizens require more legitimacy from the government on the basis of what it already provides, and this may involve performance, participation, responsiveness, law-based administration, etc. We hereby analyze the legitimation crisis in a postmodern society and point out that the paradigm of social co-governance is a response to these legitimacy demands and that multiple parties integrate their demands using governance tools such as participation, consultation, empowerment, etc.

scholarly journals Transformation of Public Administration of the Social and Economic Policy in Ukraine by the Example of the Healthcare Reformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-427
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Problematic Area ◽  
System Reformation

In the article, a problem is set regarding urgent transformation of the public administration of the social and economic policy of Ukraine under the healthcare reformation. The problem seems to be urgent because the Ukrainian national healthcare management system differs from similar systems in most developed countries due to a unique characteristic. The point is that at the highest legislative level, the state guarantees its citizens free medical care, although in practice, this provision remains partially declarative. And this should be a target of reformation. Today, the Ukrainian healthcare system, based on the centrally controlled principles, is facing a deep crisis, therefore the public administration model should be changed, and the healthcare system be radically reformed. Basing on modeling methods, expert survey, mathematical statistics, the following results have been obtained: a formulated list of problems, an offered model for the healthcare system management in Ukraine considering that the process should be transformed. These results can lay the groundwork for the development of a real strategic plan, when the task of "clearing the problematic area" to be solved in stages, according to the actual urgency of certain problems from the point of view of increasing the efficiency of the healthcare system reformation in Ukraine.

Patronage and Public Administration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Panizza ◽  
B. Guy Peters ◽  
Conrado Ramos Larraburu
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Appointees ◽  
Public Resources

The concept of patronage refers to the power of political actors to appoint trusted individuals by discretion to nonelective positions in the public sector. This proposed new definition avoids an exclusive association with less developed countries and recognizes the presence of patronage in modern democracies, drawing a distinction with broader terms such as clientelism and politicization. Patronage differs from clientelism because the reasons for providing patronage include a list of other motives beyond the classic particularistic allocation of public resources. At the same time, patronage is not strictly equal to politicization, as this definition reduces the influence that politicians exert on the administrative machinery to a distribution of posts. In specifying what patronage is in narrower terms, this definition merges two different literatures, one associated with institutions and political parties, and another with bureaucracies, public policy, and governance issues. Even though the meritocratic civil service is a hallmark of modern democracies, the presence of political appointees in these societies is universal. Patronage provides some benefits for governance, and any normative assessment of this type of appointment should consider the costs and benefits of this practice within each particular political and cultural context.

Politicised Public Service and Corruption in Lesotho

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamello Rakolobe
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
High Magnitude ◽  
The Social ◽  
Parliamentary Committee ◽  
The Government

Countries across the world are faced with high levels of corruption. In an effort to combat the threat, governments have declared war on corruption and have consequently put in place some anti-corruption institutions. The causes of corruption are numerous and the consequences are devastating for the social, political and economic development of nations. The perpetrators of corruption are in most cases the public servants as they are charged with the day-to-day administration of the government. This means that the caliber of public servants; which is determined by their recruitment inter alia will influence their practices and conduct. Lesotho has adopted a Westminster model of public administration in which recruitment to the public service is supposed to be merit-based. However, the recruitment of top officers such as Principal Secretaries is politically motivated and this has consequently resulted into a highly politicised public service; literature points that there is a relationship between politicisation of the public service and corruption. In this paper, I scrutinize and explain the effect of a politicised public service on the high magnitude of corruption in Lesotho. This study is based on secondary data such as official government reports, newspapers and research reports. I argue that the highly politicised public service in Lesotho contributes to the corruptionscourge that is besieging the country. I therefore recommend administrative reforms in view of depoliticizing the public service by removing the authority to appoint, promote and dismiss high-ranking public officers from the Prime Minister to a special Parliamentary committee that is inclusive of members from the ruling and opposition parties.

Oscillation of Public Administration Paradigms and the Management of Public Service in Nigeria: Trajectory and Lessons

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-105
Author(s):  
Jide Ifedayo Ibietan
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
State Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Public Bureaucracy ◽  
Effective Instrument

This paper chronicles various Public Administration paradigms and juxtaposes them with the management of Public Service (as an institution) in Nigeria. Attempts at making the public bureaucracy an effective instrument of development in Nigeria can be located in Public Service Reforms, and it is observable that the country has a long history in this. This study adopts the qualitative approach with a reliance on secondary data which were textually analysed, using the Neo-Weberian State Model as the theoretical framework. It is obvious that Nigeria’s experience with administrative reforms typifies an obsession with the traditional Weberian practice, as well as a half-hearted romance with SAP-induced/NPM reforms which labelled the country as a “hesitant reformer”. The paper emphasises a re-discovery of the values of Public Service in Nigeria based on the tenets of the NWS model. Other recommendations can also address the issues raised by the paper.

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