scholarly journals THE EFFICIENCY OF CHARCOAL AS A FILTER MEDIA IN NON-VEGETATION CONSTRUCTED WETLAND SUBSURFACE-FLOW SYSTEM (SF) FOR AMMONIA, CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND, AND IRON TREATMENT OF LANDFILL LEACHATES

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Ahmad Md. Noor ◽  
Pedy Artsanti ◽  
P.E. Lim ◽  
S. Suryani ◽  
H.P.S Abdul Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Landfill Leachates ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Iron Treatment ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Better Than

The thermal Charcoal for domestic used was crushed into powder and mixed with gravel. Four reactors of different proportion and size of charcoal and gravel were set up without vegetation. Sample of landfill leachates obtained from site of Pulau Burung Landfill, Penang, was introduced into the reactors. Ammonia, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and iron of inlet and outlet from four reactors were analyzed by standard methods. Result shows that overall performance of removing ammonia and iron were much better than COD.   Keywords: charcoal, leachate, filter media

scholarly journals Enhancement the stability of power system using optimal location of FACTS devices

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 648
Author(s):  
Ali Najim Abdullah ◽  
Ahmed Majeed Ghadhban ◽  
Hayder Salim Hameed ◽  
Husham Idan Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Power Network ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
Facts Devices ◽  
Clearing Time ◽  
Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Control ◽  
Better Than

<p><span>This paper proposes a steady-state of the Static Var Compensator (SVC) &amp; Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) set up for enhancing the damping overall performance and growing the integral clearing time (CCT) of a power network. The indispensable clearing time is carried out through increasing the time fault interval until the gadget loses stability. Increasing the CCT can be contribute to reliability of the safety gadget, decrease the protection machine ranking and cost. In order to attain most enhancement of machine stability via optimizing location, sizing and control modes of SVC and TCSC. Models and methodology for putting and designing shunt FACT’s units SVC (injected reactive strength Q) and series FACT’s devices TCSC (chose capacitive region) are examined in a 6-bus system. Performance factors are described to show validation of SVC and TCSC on extraordinary conditions. It is proven that the SVC is better than TCSC. </span></p>

scholarly journals Enhancement of Biodegradation of Palm Oil Mill Effluents by local Isolated Fungi

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
F T Z Jabeen ◽  
J V Shreevathsa
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Physicochemical Quality ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Better Than

This study was designed to investigate the fungi associated with palm oil mill effluent (POME) in Gulur village of Tumkur. Biodegradation of palm oil mill effluents was conducted to measure the discarded POME based on physicochemical quality. The fungi that were isolated are Aspergillusniger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. ochraceus, Rhizopussp, Peniciliumsp and Trichodermavirde. The autoclaved and unautoclaved raw POME samples were incubated for 7 days and the activities of the fungi were observed each for 12 hours. The supernatants of the digested POME were investigated for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), color (ADMI), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) at the end of each digestion cycle. The results showed that the unautoclaved raw POME sample degraded better than the inoculated POME sample and this suggests that the microorganisms that are indigenous in the POME are more effective than the introduced micro-organisms. This result, however, indicates the prospect of isolating indigenous microorganisms in the POME for effective biodegradation of POME. Moreover, the effective treatment of POME yields useful products such as reduction of BOD, COD, and color.

scholarly journals Corporate Entrepreneurship Performance: Findings From Government-Linked Companies in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Harry Entebang ◽  
Richard T. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Entrepreneurship ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Better Than

A nation’s economic growth has been associated with the role of entrepreneurship. While recognising the work of entrepreneurship on the mindset and behaviour of individual entrepreneurs, research into an organisational perspective of entrepreneurship continues to emerge due to unprecedented developments occurring around the world over the last two decades. Notably, past studies have postulated that entrepreneurial organisations tend to perform better than conservative organisations. In this vein, the Malaysian government has set up Government-linked companies (GLCs) to enable these entities to become more effective, efficient, and competitive, which can assist the government in strengthening its economy. On the other hand, despite considerable improvements, the overall performance of GLCs has been unsatisfactory. Given the hostility and dynamism of the business environment, GLCs have no other option but to improve and perform better. Recognising this, the purpose of the study is to determine the underlying forces forcing GLCs to improve and to identify forms of corporate entrepreneurship (CE) pursued by GLCs. Building on the outcomes of semi-structured interviews with senior managers in GLCs, the need for CE is fostered by competition and market pressure, technological changes, and increases in operation costs. Finally, future studies of CE in Malaysia may consider other aspects of CE, including issues and challenges in pursuing CE effectively within GLCs business environment.

scholarly journals Effect of filter media thickness on the performance of sand drying beds used for faecal sludge management

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 2795-2806
Author(s):  
M. Manga ◽  
B. E. Evans ◽  
M. A. Camargo-Valero ◽  
N. J. Horan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Faecal Sludge

The effect of sand filter media thickness on the performance of faecal sludge (FS) drying beds was determined in terms of: dewatering time, contaminant load removal efficiency, solids generation rate, nutrient content and helminth eggs viability in the dried sludge. A mixture of ventilated improved pit latrine sludge and septage in the ratio 1:2 was dewatered using three pilot-scale sludge drying beds with sand media thicknesses of 150, 250 and 350 mm. Five dewatering cycles were conducted and monitored for each drying bed. Although the 150 mm filter had the shortest average dewatering time of 3.65 days followed by 250 mm and 350 mm filters with 3.83 and 4.02 days, respectively, there was no significant difference (p &gt; 0.05) attributable to filter media thickness configurations. However, there was a significant difference for the percolate contaminant loads in the removal and recovery efficiency of suspended solids, total solids, total volatile solids, nitrogen species, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand, with the highest removal efficiency for each parameter achieved by the 350 mm filter. There were also significant differences in the nutrient content (NPK) and helminth eggs viability of the solids generated by the tested filters. Filtering media configurations similar to 350 mm have the greatest potential for optimising nutrient recovery from FS.

scholarly journals THE "CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND / TOTAL VOLATILE ACIDS" RATIO AS AN ANAEROBIC TREATABILITY INDICATOR FOR LANDFILL LEACHATES

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Contrera ◽  
K. C. da Cruz Silva ◽  
G. H. Ribeiro Silva ◽  
D. M. Morita ◽  
M. Zaiat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Landfill Leachates

Characterization of Landfill Leachates by Molecular Size Distribution, Biodegradability, and Inert Chemical Oxygen Demand

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Míriam C. S. Amaral ◽  
Cynthia F. A. Ferreira ◽  
Liséte Celina Lange ◽  
Sérgio F. Aquino
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Landfill Leachates ◽  
Molecular Size Distribution

scholarly journals Removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) from Domestic Wastewater Using Hybrid Reed Bed System

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 1226-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Hamed Jehawi ◽  
Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah ◽  
Mushrifah Idris ◽  
Hassimi Abu Hasan ◽  
Nadya Hussin A.L. Sbania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Reed Bed ◽  
Better Than

Hybrid reed bed systems (HRBs) have a good potential for wastewater treatment in developing countries due to its simple operation and low implementation costs. HRBs units were constructed at Bukit Putri, in UKM university campus, Malaysia, of which were planted with Scirpus grossus plants, commonly known as club-rush or bulrush (water loving plants). Generally, HRBs are classified into two categories: surface-flow and subsurface-flow. Both systems are capable of removing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) from different types of wastewaters. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) at different concentration of domestic wastewater by using a HRB systems. This hybrid system was arranged in a serial stages consisting of a surface-flow (SF) bed, followed by a vertical-flow (VF) bed and finally by a horizontal-flow (HF) bed. In the present study, the performance of the HRB on domestic wastewater, particularly on COD, with and without plants was investigated. It is observed that the planted system with Scirpus grossus had performed better than the unplanted system. The result shows that the COD removal varied between 60 and 92%, depending on the loading rates (53-86 mg/L/day). The treatment system was operated for three months in the continuous flow process. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the HRB system ensures a more stable removal of organic pollutants (COD) from domestic wastewaters.

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