The Simplified of Suspended Sediment Measurement Method in Natural River (Case study of Kuning River in Yogyakarta, Indonesia)

The accumulation of suspended sediment reduces the capacity in the river and deteriorates the water quality. Kuning River in Yogyakarta is one of the main rivers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, which is currently facing the issue of suspended sediments. To reduce the effect of suspended sediment and determine a preventive measure, hence, it is necessary to study the characteristics of the suspended sediment flow. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the suspended sediment flow characteristics, i.e. the velocity, and the concentration profiles at specific points in the transverse direction of the channel as well as the correlation of the suspended sediment discharge. Thirty (30) profiles of velocity and suspended sediment concentration were measured at six different points along the Kuning River. Opcon probe was used to measure suspended sediment concentration, while the propeller current meter was used to measure mean point-velocity profiles. Results of this study show the suspended sediment discharge ratio, defined as are higher in the middle part of the channel than the one near the edge of the channel. The position of z/B where the values of 1 occurs at z/B = 0,19 and z/B = 0,75, which depend on the irregularity of the channel cross-sections. For practical purposes, the depth-averaged velocity and suspended sediment concentration can be determined from 1, 2 and/or 3 points measurement at y = 0,2D, 0,4D and 0,8D.

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Curvas-chave de descargas de sedimentos em suspensão no Baixo São Francisco

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v13.3.p1248-1262 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1248 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Solange Cavalcanti de Melo ◽

José Coelho de Araújo Filho ◽

Renata Maria Caminha Mendes de Oliveira Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Suspended Sediment ◽

Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽

Suspended Sediments ◽

Sediment Concentration ◽

Gradual Reduction ◽

Sao Francisco River ◽

Sediment Loads ◽

São Francisco River ◽

Historical Series ◽

Suspended Sediment Concentrations

RESUMOO conhecimento da análise quantitativa das concentrações de sedimentos em suspensão transportados pelo rio São Francisco bem como sua relação com as vazões é de muita importância, pois pode auxiliar na identificação dos efeitos da intervenção humana e ou ocasionados pelas condições naturais da região. As regiões a jusante dos barramentos no rio São Francisco apresentam como principal consequência a regularização das vazões e a diminuição das concentrações de sedimentos. O objetivo da pesquisa foi determinar as curvas-chave de sedimentos em suspensão (CCS) nas estações fluviométricas instaladas no Baixo São Francisco (BSF) após a barragem de Xingó. Para o estabelecimento dessas curvas foram utilizados dados de vazão e concentração de sedimentos em suspensão, obtidos do sistema Hidroweb no site da Agência Nacional da Água (ANA) no período de 1999 a 2018. Foram obtidas CCS para todo o trecho do BSF as quais apresentaram bons coeficientes de determinação. Na análise dos dados também foi possível perceber que nos últimos anos, desde 2013 houve redução gradativa das vazões disponibilizadas na barragem de Xingó. Consequentemente, houve também a redução gradativa das cargas de sedimentos em suspensão geradas nas estações de Piranhas, Traipu e Propriá, ou seja, os menores valores já registrados no BSF correspondendo as menores séries históricas tanto de vazão como de sedimentos em suspensão. Keys curves of sediment discharges in suspension in the Lower São Francisco A B S T R A C TThe knowledge of the quantitative analysis of suspended sediment concentrations carried by the São Francisco River as well as its relation with the flows is of great importance, since it can help in the identification of the effects of human intervention and/or caused by the natural conditions of the region. In the downstream regions of the São Francisco riverbanks, the main consequence was the regularization of flow rates and the reduction of sediment concentrations. The objective of the research was to determine the key curves of suspended sediments (CCS) at the fluviometric stations installed in the lower São Francisco river after Xingó dam. For the evaluation, flow data and suspended sediment concentration were used. These data were obtained from the Hidroweb system on the website of the National Water Agency (ANA) from 1999 to 2018. CCS were plotted for all stretches and presented good coefficients of determination (R2). Based on the analysis of the data it was also possible to notice that in recent years, since 2013 there has been a gradual reduction of the flows available in the Xingó dam. Consequently, there was also a gradual reduction of suspended sediment loads generated at the Piranhas, Traipu and Propriá stations, that is, the lowest values already recorded in lower São Francisco, corresponding to the lower historical series of both discharge and suspended sediments.Keywords: dam, flow, sediments

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Transport Mechanism of Suspended Sediments and Migration Trends of Sediments in the Central Hangzhou Bay

Water ◽

10.3390/w12082189 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 2189

Author(s):

Zekun Song ◽

Weiyong Shi ◽

Junbiao Zhang ◽

Hao Hu ◽

Feng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sediment Transport ◽

Suspended Sediment ◽

Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽

Suspended Sediments ◽

Sediment Concentration ◽

Hangzhou Bay ◽

The South ◽

Transport Mode ◽

Tidal Pumping ◽

The North

Based on the 2013 field survey data of hydrology, suspended sediments and bottom sediments in the Central Hangzhou Bay, this paper explores the dynamic mechanism of suspended sediments in Hangzhou Bay by employing material flux decomposition. Meanwhile, the migration trends of bed sediments are also investigated by analyzing grain size trends. The results show that during an ebb or flood tide, the hydrograph of suspended sediment concentration of Hangzhou Bay is dominated by an M shape (bimodal), which is attributed primarily to the generation of a soft mud layer and a separate fluid mud layer. Laterally, the distribution of suspended sediment concentration is high in the south and low in the north. From a macroscopic perspective, the net sediment transport in the study area displays a “north-landward and south-seaward” trend, presenting a “C”-shaped transport mode. That is, the sediments are transported from the bay mouth to the bay head on the north side and from the bay head to the bay mouth on the south side. The sediment transports by advection and tidal pumping are predominant, while the sediment transport by vertical circulation makes little contribution to the total sediment transport. Moreover, the sediment transport in the center of the reach area is dominated by advection, whereas that near both sides of the banks is controlled by tidal pumping. The asymmetry of the tides, i.e., flood-dominance in the north and ebb-dominance in the south, is the primary cause of the dynamic mechanism for the overall “C”-shaped transport mode in Hangzhou Bay. Additionally, coupled with the narrow-head wide-mouth geomorphology, Hangzhou Bay remains evolving by south shore silting and north shore scouring.

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Study on the Plants Growth Effect of the Sediment-Laden Flow Turbulence Characteristics

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.4771 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 4771-4777

Author(s):

Jun Ning Li ◽

Ju Rui Yang ◽

Jing Luo

Keyword(s):

Suspended Sediment ◽

Plant Height ◽

Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽

Flow Direction ◽

Sediment Concentration ◽

Growth Effect ◽

Vertical Orientation ◽

Turbulence Characteristics ◽

Sediment Flow ◽

Flow Turbulence

Abstract: The effect on Sediment-laden flow turbulence characteristics of Wetland plants simulated by flexible plastic tree growing and distribution of suspended sediment concentration were studied through the flume experiment under a certain hydraulic condition. The experimental results showed that the vertical velocity distribution of sediment flow with plant was no longer consistent with logarithm distribution with no plants in sediment flow, but for the "S"-type distribution. The turbulent intensity and Reynolds stress in longitudinal,transversal and vertical orientation were anisotropic, and the maximum and the location of the maximum increased with increasing plant height. Plant growth effects of sediment removal was significant. The vertical suspended sediment concentration increased with plant height decrease, the suspended sediment concentration gradually decreased along the flow direction.

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Field methods of a near-bed suspended sediment experiment in the Yangtze River, China

Arabian Journal of Geosciences ◽

10.1007/s12517-020-06124-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

Author(s):

Caiwen Shu ◽

Guangming Tan ◽

Yiwei Lv ◽

Quanxi Xu

Keyword(s):

Suspended Sediment ◽

Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽

Dynamic Equilibrium ◽

Water Discharge ◽

Sediment Concentration ◽

Common Method ◽

Sediment Discharge ◽

Improved Method ◽

The Common ◽

The Impact

AbstractUsing experimental data of near-bed suspended sediment concentrations at five typical hydrometric stations of the Three Gorges Reservoir at the early reserving stage, the differences were investigated between the common method and improved method during flood seasons and non-flood seasons. The impact of taking measurements below 0.2 times the water depth on the results was discussed. The results show that the average discharges and velocities at each station calculated by the common method were slightly larger than those calculated by the improved method. Regarding the suspended sediment concentration at each station, the errors in the reservoir and downstream channels in dynamic equilibrium state were small, and the largest errors occurred where the river bed was strongly scoured in the downstream reach below the large dam. There was no significant relationship between water discharge and flow velocity, and the missed measurement phenomenon also occurred. The sediment discharge error was affected by the suspended sediment concentration, implying that errors usually occurred in channels with serious erosion during flood seasons. The correction coefficients (R2) of sediment discharge at each station were given during the experiment, which showed that the sediment discharges at the hydrometric stations where a large amount of sediment transport occurred near the river bottom, needed to be modified. Furthermore, the test methods proposed in this study were applied to calculate the sediment discharges of three rivers, and the results indicate that this method can narrow the gap between bathymetric comparisons and sediment load measurements.

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Dynamics of Suspended Sediments Related to Fine Particles in Lower Mekong River

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.1528 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 446-447 ◽

pp. 1528-1533

Author(s):

Sarunya Promkotra

Keyword(s):

Shear Stress ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Suspended Sediment ◽

Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽

Fine Particles ◽

Suspended Sediments ◽

Sediment Concentration ◽

Mekong River ◽

Fall Velocity ◽

Stream Discharge

Analytical results are considered the factors of suspended sediment concentration, fall velocity, dimensionless shear stress, transportation rate and stream discharge. As a result of suspended sediments of Loei, Huang and Mekong River, fine particles account for the applicability in sediment deposits. Floating suspended sediments explicit more clay minerals than suspended sediments. Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in the estuarine of Loei River and Huang River are moderately less than Mekong River. Flow directions of the interconnected rivers to the mainstream-Mekong River lead to the quantity of SSC. Sediment concentrations attain to the dynamic response. Dimensionless shear stress relates to shear velocity, geometry and grain size of particles, and difference of flow velocity. This shear stress is directly comparative to flow velocity and clay mineral concentrations. The transport rate involves in the flow velocity, SSC and depth of the river. Moreover, stream discharge can be presumed by the geometry of the river and topography of sampling locations.

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Sampling strategies to estimate suspended sediment concentration for turbidimeter calibration

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n12p884-889 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 884-889 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Leandro Dalbianco ◽

Rafael Ramon ◽

Claudia A. P. de Barros ◽

Jean P. G. Minella ◽

Gustavo H. Merten ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Suspended Sediment ◽

Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽

Suspended Sediments ◽

Sediment Concentration ◽

Rainfall Event ◽

Sampling Strategies ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Rainfall Events ◽

Insufficient Amount ◽

Indirect Relationship

ABSTRACT The influx of sediments carried by rivers can be measured continuously using a turbidimeter through the indirect relationship between turbidity and suspended sediment concentration (SSC). However, this process is dependent on obtaining water samples with suspended sediments to calibrate the turbidimeter. Sampling can be carried out through different methods, resulting in errors and uncertainties in estimating the SSC. Four different possibilities for the composition of the calibration curve were tested in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the turbidimeter calibration for different sampling strategies. The study was conducted in 2012 and 2013 in two catchments in southern Brazil that had a strong sediment yield impact. The results indicate that sampling during rainfall events generate a significant and representative SSC for the turbidimeter calibration. The use of an integrating sampler for synthetic samples provides an effective calibration, but overestimates SSC compared to calibration from rainfall event sampling. The samples collected at fixed intervals - weekly and daily - generated an insufficient amount of data and are not representative of real sediment concentrations of the catchments.

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COUPLED WAVE-BED DYNAMICS, ATCHAFALAYA SHELF, LOUISIANA

Coastal Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.9753/icce.v33.sediment.116 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (33) ◽

pp. 116

Author(s):

Cihan Sahin ◽

Ilgar Safak ◽

Alexandru Sheremet

Keyword(s):

Shear Stress ◽

Suspended Sediment ◽

Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽

Critical Shear Stress ◽

Flow Characteristics ◽

Sediment Concentration ◽

Density Variation ◽

Acoustic Backscatter ◽

Concentration Profiles ◽

Fluid Mud

Observations of waves, currents, suspended sediment concentration and acoustic backscatter are used to re-investigate the interaction between the combined wave-current flow and cohesive sediments on the muddy Atchafalaya inner shelf. Observations support the previously proposed bed reworking cycle by waves of mobilization and resuspension of bed sediment, erosion, deposition with fluid mud formation and consolidation. Suspended sediment concentration profiles are estimated based on the acoustic backscatter of a current profiler. A one-dimensional vertical bottom boundary model is used to reconstruct the vertical structure of the flow characteristics, and estimate parameters difficult to observe directly, such as bottom shear stress. Estimated bed position, concentration profiles and computed bottom stresses remarkably support the previous findings on the bottom stress-resuspension relation, critical shear stress for erosion and bed density variation throughout a storm.

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Indirect Estimation of Flow and Suspended-sediment Concentration and Load in Small Mountain Streams: an Exploratory Study in Ribeira Seca Stream, Madeira Island

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT ◽

10.37394/232015.2020.16.89 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Keyword(s):

Suspended Sediment ◽

Exploratory Study ◽

Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽

Suspended Sediments ◽

Sediment Concentration ◽

Suspended Sediment Transport ◽

Measurement Campaign ◽

Indirect Determination ◽

Madeira Island ◽

The North

The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of indirect techniques for streamflow and suspended sediment concentration estimation and their use in the calculation of suspended sediment transport rate in the small mountain watersheds of Madeira Island, Portugal. Emphasis was given to the application of salt dilution gauging to the indirect determination of the flow rate and the use of water turbidity data to estimate the concentration of suspended sediments. The field and laboratory work carried out are briefly described, and the main experimental results and the field data from the short measurement campaign performed in the Ribeira Seca stream in Faial, on the north side of the island, are presented and discussed. Whilst the measurement campaign carried out was temporally and spatially limited, it was pioneering for Madeira and allowed to verify the applicability of the indirect hydrometric and sedimentometric techniques used in this exploratory study.

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Prediction and classification of suspended sediment and zooplankton signals from acoustic Doppler current profiler backscatter data using artificial neural networks

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/944/1/012014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 944 (1) ◽

pp. 012014

Author(s):

A Dwinovantyo ◽

S Solikin ◽

H M Manik ◽

T Prartono ◽

Susilohadi

Keyword(s):

Suspended Sediment ◽

Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽

Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler ◽

Suspended Sediments ◽

Sediment Concentration ◽

Optimal Number ◽

Environmental Data ◽

Zooplankton Abundance ◽

Current Profiler ◽

Artificial Neural

Abstract Characterization of each underwater object has its challenges, especially for small objects. The process of quantifying acoustic signals for these small objects can be done using high-frequency hydroacoustic instruments such as an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) combined with the artificial intelligence (AI) technique. This paper presents an artificial neural network (ANN) methodology for classifying an object from acoustic and environmental data in the water column. In particular, the methodology was tuned for the recognition of suspended sediments and zooplankton. Suspended sediment concentration and zooplankton abundance, which extracted from ADCP acoustic data, were used as input in the backpropagation method along with other environmental data such as effects of tides, currents, and vertical velocity. The classifier used an optimal number of neurons in the hidden layer and a feature selection based on a genetic algorithm. The ANN method was also used to estimate the suspended sediment concentration in the future. This study provided new implications for predicting and classifying suspended sediment and zooplankton using the ADCP instrument. The proposed methodology allowed us to identify the objects with an accuracy of more than 95%.

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The potential of ensemble WT-EEMD-kernel extreme learning machine techniques for prediction suspended sediment concentration in successive points of river

Journal of Hydroinformatics ◽

10.2166/hydro.2021.146 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kiyoumars Roushangar ◽

Nasrin Aghajani ◽

Roghayeh Ghasempour ◽

Farhad Alizadeh

Keyword(s):

Data Processing ◽

Suspended Sediment ◽

Extreme Learning Machine ◽

Mississippi River ◽

Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽

Flow Characteristics ◽

Sediment Concentration ◽

Kernel Extreme Learning Machine ◽

Learning Machine ◽

State 1

Abstract Sediment transport is one of the most important issues in river engineering. In this study, the capability of the Kernel Extreme Learning Machine (KELM) approach for predicting the river daily Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) and Discharge (SSD) was assessed. Three successive hydrometric stations of Mississippi river were considered and based on the sediment and flow characteristics during the period of 2005–2008. Several models were developed and tested for SSC and SSD modeling. For improving the applied model efficiency, two post-processing techniques, namely Wavelet Transform (WT) and Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), were used. Also, two states of modeling based on stations own data (state 1) and previous stations data (state 2) were considered. The single and integrated KELM models results comparison indicated that the integrated WT and EEMD-KELM models resulted in more accurate outcomes. Results showed that data processing with WT was more effective than EEMD in increasing the models efficiency. Data processing enhanced the models capability by up to 15%. The results showed that the state 1 modeling led to better results, however, using the integrated KELM approaches the previous stations data could be applied successfully for SSC and SSD modeling when the stations own data were not available. HIGHLIGHT The suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and suspended sediment discharge (SSD) were predicted via artificial intelligence approach in successive hydrometric stations. The data pre-processing impacts on models efficiency improving was assessed. The sensitivity analysis showed the most effective subseries obtained from pre-processing models.

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