scholarly journals Variasi Karakter Pembungaan Antar Varian dan Ras Lahan Cendana Sepanjang Gradien Geografis di Gunung Sewu

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Yeni Widyana Nurcahyani Cahyaningrum ◽  
Sapto Indrioko ◽  
Eny Faridah ◽  
Atus Syahbudin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Floral Display ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Floral Structure ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Land Races

Cendana merupakan spesies asli Indonesia bagian timur, yang menjadi ras lahan di Gunung Sewu. Sembilan ras lahan di Gunung Sewu, seluruhnya tersusun atas tiga varian yang berbeda struktur dan warna bunganya (MK, merah kecil; MB, merah besar; dan KB, kuning besar). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakter pembungaan ketiga varian cendana di Gunung Sewu pada periode pembungaan tahun 2015; di tiga ras lahan yang mewakili tiap zona yaitu Nglanggeran (Zona Utara), Bleberan (Zona Tengah), dan Petir (Zona Selatan). Observasi meliputi fenologi, kemasakan organ reproduksi, display, dan struktur pembungaan. Struktur pembungaan dan longevity organ reproduksi berbeda antar varian. MB dan KB didominasi warna merah dan marun, perigonium lebih besar, organ reproduksi lebih panjang, posisi putik sejajar/lebih rendah dari benang sari, dan longevity lebih singkat. MK didominasi kuning hingga oranye, lebih kecil, posisi putik sejajar/lebih tinggi, dan longevity lebih lama. Display pembungaan berbeda antar ras lahan, namun tidak berbeda antar varian. Petir, dengan ukuran populasi terbesar, memproduksi paling banyak pohon berbunga dan total bunga untuk seluruh varian. Ras lahan dan varian berbunga dua kali setahun, namun dengan inisiasi dan durasi yang berbeda. KB berbunga lebih awal di seluruh ras lahan, sedangkan MB paling akhir. MK memiliki durasi pembungaan terpanjang. Perbedaan antar ras lahan lebih dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan seperti ketinggian, jenis tanah, dan iklim. Ras lahan yang lebih rendah, kering, dan panas berbunga lebih awal dan singkat. Peningkatan temperatur dan turunnya status air tanah menyebabkan keguguran massal yang diikuti sequential replacement, mengakibatkan perubahan frekuensi pembungaan. Strategi konservasi cendana di Gunung Sewu perlu dirancang berbasis keragaman genetik, sinkroni pembungaan, dan kompatibilitas antar varian, dengan tetap mempertimbangkan keberagaman tempat tumbuhnya.Kata kunci: cendana; Gunung Sewu; pembungaan; ras lahan; varian bunga The Flowering Characters Variation Among Floral Variants and Landraces Along Geographical Gradients in Gunung SewuAbstractSandalwood was origin to the south-eastern islands of Indonesia, but is recently occured as new land-races in Gunung Sewu, Java island. All of land-races consisted of three floral variants (MK, refers to “merah kecil”; MB, “merah besar”; and KB, “kuning besar”, respectively). This research aimed to determine flowering of these variants among three of land-races which were representing geographical zone in Gunung Sewu: Nglanggeran, Blebera, and Petir. Observation on phenology, sexual organs maturity, floral structure, and display was conducted in 2015. Floral structures varied among variants. MB and KB dominated by red and maroon colors, possessed bigger perigonium, longer sexual organs but with shorter longevity, and similar/lower position of stylus to stamens. MK dominated by yellow to orange colors, smaller, similar/higher position of stylus, and longer longevity. Floral display varied among land-races but were similar among variants. Petir, with biggest population size, produced the most abundant flowers and flowering trees at all variants. Sandalwood flowered twice a year in all of land-races and variants, however, the onset and duration varied. KB flowered earliest while MB was the latest. MK possessed longest flowering period. Flowering varied among land-races due to the altitude, soils, and climatic differences. Lower altitude, drier, and warmer sites flowered earlier and shorter. Mass abortion and sequential replacement, resulting in the alteration on flowering frequency, occured due to the extreme temperature increment. Conservation strategy should be arranged based on genetic differentiation, flowering differences, and crossing abilities among variants. Differences of landscapes, which may contribute to the differences of environmental conditions and flowering processes, should also be considered.

scholarly journals The effect of sample size on estimates of genetic differentiation and effective population size for Schistosoma mansoni populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (14) ◽  
pp. 1149-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcio M. Barbosa ◽  
Bruna C. Barros ◽  
Moreno de Souza Rodrigues ◽  
Luciano K. Silva ◽  
Mitermayer G. Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Effective Population

scholarly journals Monitoring the phenology of Forsythia velutina, an endemic plant of Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-363
Author(s):  
Jung-Won Sung ◽  
Geun-Ho Kim ◽  
Kyeong-Cheol Lee ◽  
Yun-Jin Shim ◽  
Shin-Gu Kang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Basic Data ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Endemic Plants ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

Background and objective: This study was conducted on Forsythia velutina, a special plant, in Gyeongsangnam-do Arboretum under the Gyeongsangnam-do Forest Environment Research Institute, which is located in the southern part of Korea. Methods: The research aimed to analyze the flowering characteristics of the plant by calculating the optimal temperature and humidity according to the flowering time and flowering period for 8 years from 2010 to 2017 in order to provide basic data for bioclimate studies of endemic plants. Results: It was observed that the Forsythia velutina showed a life cycle from mid-March and to mid-November. Average growth period was 243 (± 6.5) days. In testing the reliability of a single variable according to the meteorological factors, the Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.701, which indicates that the findings were relatively reliable. The average date of flowering was March 16 (SD = 5.8) and the average date on which blossoms fall was March 29 (SD = 5.2). A substantial difference in flowering period was observed from year to year 11 to 23 days, with an average of 16 days (± 4.7). The temperature and humidity in February to March, which affect the flowering, were 2.9-5.5℃, and 66.5-73.0%, respectively, and showed differences every year. Conclusion: The correlation between flowering time and meteorological factors was positive, and the highest daily temperature and average daily temperature had the highest significance. When establishing basic data on plant species for the conservation of endemic plants, the changes in life cycle events and weather conditions are identified. It is believed that it will be helpful in establishing a conservation strategy for the plant species in the future.

scholarly journals Diversité des insectes floricoles de Abelmoschus esculentus (Malvaceae) et leur impact sur les rendements fruitier et grainier à Maroua-Cameroun.

2020 ◽  
Vol 43:1 ◽  
pp. 7350-7365
Author(s):  
Joseph Blaise Pando ◽  
Denis Djonwangwé ◽  
Olivier Balti Moudelsia ◽  
Fernand-Nestor Tchuenguem Fohouo ◽  
Joseph Lebel Tamesse
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Protection Contre ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Pour déterminer la richesse spécifique, la fréquence relative, les produits alimentaires recherchés, les insectes pollinisateurs et l’impact de ces insectes sur les rendements, deux traitements ont été formés à partir du marquage de 240 boutons floraux en 2015 et 2017 chacun selon la présence ou l’absence de protection contre les insectes. Les observations ont été faites sur les fleurs de Abelmoschus esculentus en libre pollinisation du 11 au 22 septembre 2015 et du 7 au 19 septembre 2017 à Wourndé et Palar respectivement. La diversité spécifique des insectes floricoles de gombo était de 17 et 20 espèces respectivement à Wourndé et à Palar. L’indice de Jacard (J = 0,15) révèle une similarité entre les deux sites, preuve que les conditions environnementales sont similaires dans les deux habitats. Les insectes butinaient les fleurs du gombo de 8 h à 13 h, avec le pic de l’activité de l’ensemble de visites de ceux-ci situé entre 10 h et 11 h. Les insectes développaient un comportement très élaboré lors de la récolte du nectar et/ou du pollen et la consommation du pétale. On peut regrouper ces insectes en pollinisateur majeur (Lipotriches collaris), pollinisateurs mineurs [Sphecodes albilabris, Camponotus flavomarginatus, le Vespidae (1 sp.), Lasioglossum albilabris, Seladonia sp., Lasioglossum albipes, Lipotriches pulchriventris et le Formicidae (1 sp.)] et pollinisateurs occasionnels. La comparaison des rendements des fleurs non protégées à celui des fleurs protégées des insectes ont montré que les insectes ont un impact positif sur ce rendement. L’influence de ces insectes est estimée à 9,57%, 7,18% et 4,34% pour le taux de fructification, le nombre de graines/capsule et le pourcentage de graines normales respectivement. Afin d’améliorer le rendement de A. esculentus, il est conseillé de préserver les insectes floricoles non nuisibles dans les champs de gombo en évitant les traitements aux pesticides pendant la période de floraison lorsqu’ils ne se justifient pas. ABSTRACT To determine the species richness, the relative frequency, desired food products, the pollinating insects and impact of these insects on the yields, two treatments were formed from the marking of 240 flower buds in 2015 and 2017, differentiated according to the presence or absence of protection against insect’s activities. Observations were made on free-pollinated Abelmoschus esculentus flowers from 11 to 22 September 2015 and from 7 to 19 September 2017 in Wourndé and Palar respectively. The specific diversity of the flowering insects of okra was 17 and 20 species respectively in Wourndé and Palar. The Jacard index (J = 0.15) reveals a similarity between the two sites, proof that the environmental conditions are similar in both habitats. The insects foraged the flowers of the okra from 8h to 13h, with the peak of the activity of the set of visits of them located between 10 h and 11 h. The insects developed a much elaborated behaviour during the harvest of the nectar and / or the pollen and the consumption of petal. These insects can be grouped into major pollinators (Lipotriches collaris), minor pollinators [Sphecodes albilabris, Camponotus flavomarginatus, Vespidae (1 sp.), Lasioglossum albilabris, Seladonia sp., Lasioglossum albipes, Lipotriches pulchriventris and Formicidae (1 sp.)).] and occasional pollinators. By comparing the yield of unprotected flowers to that of insect-protected flowers, it appeared that insects have a positive impact on this yield. The influence of these insects is estimated at 9.57 %, 7.18 % and 4.34 % for the fruiting rate, the number of seeds / capsule and the percentage of normal seeds respectively. To improve the yield of A. esculentus, it is advisable to preserve the flower-dwelling insects in okra fields by avoiding pesticide treatments during the flowering period when they are not justified.

Contrasting evolutionary processes drive morphological and genetic differentiation in a subtropical fir (Abies, Pinaceae) species complex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Cruz-Nicolás ◽  
Gustavo Giles-Pérez ◽  
Eréndira González-Linares ◽  
Julia Múgica-Gallart ◽  
Andrés Lira-Noriega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Resin Duct ◽  
Evolutionary Force ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Selective Forces ◽  
Species Descriptions

Abstract Interacting stochastic and selective forces drive population and species divergence. Such interaction may generate contrasting clines between genetic and phenotypic factors, which can be related to either geographical or environmental variation depending on the predominant evolutionary force (which in its turn is partly determined by population size). Here, we investigated whether the morphological and genetic differentiation across a species complex in Abies in central Mexico fits isolation by distance (IBD) or isolation-by-adaptation (IBA) frameworks. This complex includes two species (A. religiosa and A. flinckii) with discernible morphological and environmental differences and dissimilar range sizes. After comparing variation at nuclear SSR loci and diagnostic morphological traits of needles with the climate variables contributing to ecological differentiation, we found that the widely distributed A. religiosa has more genetic diversity and is morphologically more heterogeneous than the geographically restricted A. flinckii. Morphological differentiation at three physiologically important traits (needle thickness, number of stomata rows and location of the resin duct) is significantly correlated with geography in A. flinckii (indicative of IBD), but is significantly associated with climate variation in A. religiosa (suggesting IBA). In agreement with quantitative genetics theory, PST (phenotypic differentiation)-G’ST (genetic differentiation) comparisons indicate contrasting contributions of putatively adaptive (A. religiosa) and stochastic (A. flinckii) factors to the morphological differentiation of species related to their population size. The integration of such quantitative genetic/evolutionary aspects may reinforce species descriptions and help in disentangling resilient taxonomic discordance.

Robustness of the DeLury Population Estimator

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane O. Braaten
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Random Error ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Constant Level ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Weighted Estimator

This is a study of the robustness, in estimating population size, of the usual DeLury Estimator and three modifications of it derived from the generalized exact deterministic catch equation of Beverton and Holt (1956, 1957). These estimators are called the Generalized DeLury Estimator, the Weighted Generalized DeLury Estimator, and the Effort-corrected DeLury Estimator.A computer was used to simulate varying environmental conditions, which included combinations of several vectors of catchability and effort and several types of random error. The results indicate that the generalized estimator is overall the best, at least for these simulated data. The effort-corrected estimator is just as effective, but requires effort correction. The usual DeLury estimator underestimates on the average. The weighted estimator has high variance.Catchability behavior has a marked effect on accuracy of any of these estimators. An increase in catchability from a previously constant level results in a subsequent increase in the estimate of population size. A decrease in catchability results in a decrease in the estimate. If catchability cycles, the estimate cycles with the same crest and period.Effort has little effect, at least for the vectors studied in this model.

scholarly journals Population structures and seasons affected flowering, pollination and reproductive outputs of sandalwood in Gunung Sewu, Java, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
YENI W.N. RATNANINGRUM ◽  
SAPTO INDRIOKO ◽  
ENY FARIDAH ◽  
ATUS SYAHBUDIN
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Population Structures

Ratnaningrum YWN, Indrioko S, Faridah E, Syahbudin A. 2018. Population structures and seasons affected flowering, pollination and reproductive outputs of sandalwood in Gunung Sewu, Java, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 12-26. Sandalwood was the origin to the south-eastern islands of Indonesia, but is recently occurred as new landraces in Gunung Sewu Geopark, Java, Indonesia. This study compared flowering and pollination, and their effect on reproductive outputs, among sandalwood populations in Gunung Sewu, during the dry and rainy season of 2016 flowering period. Flowering and pollination rate differed significantly between seasons but were similar among sites. Oppositely, reproductive outputs differed significantly among sites, but were similar between seasons. The rainy season produced more flowers and pollination. Pollination was less correlated to flowers abundance, but more affected by population size. The higher and cooler population visited more by Dipterans (31.8% to 32.6%) and Hymenopterans (28.2% to 30%), while the warmer, lower sites dominated by Lepidopterans (37.2% to 43%) and Dipterans (32.9% to 38.2%). Higher population received fewer visits, but more visitors diversity (28 families). In contrast, lower sites received more visits, but with less diversity (20 families). Most insect families were considered “Rare” and “Occasional”. However, pooled altogether, the whole families of Lepidopterans and Dipterans considered “Frequent” and “Effective”. The Hymenopterans considered “Frequent” and “Effective” at Nglanggeran and Wanagama. The Cicadellidae of Coleopterans, along with arachnids and grasshoppers, were considered robbers. All of the agents were diurnal. However, the time of activity was varied. Rainy season gained more flowers and visits, but in contrast, resulted in fewer fruits at all sites. Both flowers abundance and pollination were negatively correlated to the reproductive parameters. Populations might gain more flowers and visits, but the reproductive outputs were significantly lower. Particularly in the clonalized and lower heterozygosity populations, more flowers increased geitonogamy which may lead to inbreeding depression.

scholarly journals Interspecific gene flow and vicariance in Northern African rear-edge white oak populations revealed by joint analysis of microsatellites and flanking sequences.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lepais Olivier ◽  
Abdeldjalil Aissi ◽  
Errol Véla ◽  
Yassine Beghami
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Interspecific Gene Flow ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Rear Edge ◽  
Flanking Sequences ◽  
Edge Populations

Rear-edge populations represent reservoirs of potentially unique genetic diversity but are particularly vulnerable to global changes. While continental-scale phylogeographic studies usually do not cover these populations, more focused local scale study of rear-edge populations should help better understand both past evolutionary history and its consequences for the persistence and conservation of these potentially unique populations. We studied molecular variation at 36 sequenced nuclear microsatellites in 11 rear-edge Quercus faginea and Q. canariensis populations across Algeria to shed light on taxonomic relationship, population past evolutionary history and recent demographic trajectory. We used descriptive approach and simulation-based inference to assess the information content and complementarity of linked microsatellite and flanking sequence variations. Genetic differentiation among populations classified into eight well-defined genetic clusters do not allow to unambiguously delineate two species. Instead, continuous level of genetic differentiation indicates interspecific gene flow or drift in isolation. Whereas the analysis of microsatellite variation allowed inferring recent interspecific gene flow, additional nucleotide variation in flanking sequences, by reducing homoplasy, pointed towards ancient interspecific gene flow followed by drift in isolation. The assessment of the weight of each polymorphism in the inference demonstrates the value of linked variation with contrasted mutational mechanisms and rates to refine historical demographic inference. Past population size decline inferred in some of these oak populations as well as low contemporary effective population size for most populations is a concern for the persistence of these populations of high evolutionary significance and conservation value.

scholarly journals Divergent Responses of Floral Traits of Lonicera nervosa to Altitudinal Gradients at the Eastern Margin of Hengduan Mountains

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenkai Chen ◽  
Lihua Wang ◽  
Jinniu Wang ◽  
Srijana Joshi ◽  
Shuang Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Floral Display ◽  
Altitude Range ◽  
Floral Trait ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Floral Color ◽  
Significant Difference

Understanding phenotypic responses is crucial for predicting and managing the effects of environmental change on native species. Color and display size are typically used to evaluate the utilization value of ornamental plants, which are also important ornamental characters of Lonicera nervosa Maxim. (L. nervosa). However, there is limited documentation of its floral environmental adaptation. The environmental conditions for the development of an organism changes with altitudinal variation. The aim of this research was to find flower trait variability maintenance and the tradeoff among the organs in five different populations of L. nervosa growing at distinct altitudes. We investigated the distribution patterns of floral color, floral display, and biomass tradeoff along a 700-m altitude gradient from 2,950 to 3,650 m. One-way ANOVA analysis was performed to assess the variability of flower traits and floral color across different altitudes. Moreover, correlations and tradeoffs between flowers and vegetative organs were also observed at different altitude ranges. The results indicated that L. nervosa flowers had a strong adaptability along the elevation and divergent altitude-range-specific patterns, which was divided by an altitude breakpoint at around 3,300 m. Below 3,300 m, petal lightness (petal L) decreased, but total floral display area (TFDA), individual floral dry mass (IFDM), and total floral dry mass (TFDM) increased with an increase in altitude. Whereas, above 3,300 m no significant difference was observed in petal L, TFDA, IFDM, and TFDM decreased slightly with an increase in altitude. The responsibility for the selection on floral color at a lower altitude was stronger than that at a higher altitude, while the selection agents on floral biomass had significant effects within the entire altitude range. However, the effects on floral biomass were opposite on both sides of 3,300 m. Thus, floral trait and floral color can be useful indicators for the domestication of horticultural plants and help to evaluate and initiate management and conservation actions.

scholarly journals Ecological aspects of the floral structure and flowering in Pulsatilla species

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Aneta Sulborska ◽  
Beata Żuraw ◽  
Renata Chyżewska ◽  
Thomas Sawidis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Floral Structure ◽  
Varying Thickness ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Pollen Flowers ◽  
Inner Parts

In terms of flowering ecology, <em>Pulsatilla</em> flowers are classified as “pollen flowers” producing inconsiderable amounts of nectar. The aim of this study was to assess the length of the flowering period in <em>Pulsatilla slavica</em> and <em>P. vulgaris</em> and to investigate the structure of the epidermis of the perianth and generative elements of their flowers. Special focus was placed on the structure of hairs and the distribution of stomata. The weight of nectar released by the flowers of the two <em>Pulsatilla</em> species and the content of sugars in the nectar was also evaluated. In SE Poland, both species flowered for similar periods between the second half of April and the first half of May. The flower life-span of both was determined to be 9–14 days. The lower part of each sepal was observed to be covered by long hairs having cellulose-pectin cell walls of varying thickness. Hairs present on the pistil style are thinner; they may provide some protection against cold and can play a role of a secondary pollen presenter for insects. The bowl-shaped structure of the perianth and the nature of the adaxial surface of the sepal epidermis may facilitate reflection of sunlight into the inner parts of the flower, which may contribute to an elevation of the intraflower temperature. This is particularly important for the functionality of the ovary. The surface of the hairs was seen to be covered by a cuticle ensuring water impermeability. Flowers are visited by honeybees, bumblebees, butterflies, and ants, for which nectar and pollen are the main attractants. Ants, which are regarded as illegitimate flower visitors, were found to cause damage to the androecium. The number of fruits produced in the flowers of both <em>Pulsatilla</em> species was lower than 50% of the number of pistils.

scholarly journals Discrimination of Picea chihuahuana Martinez populations on the basis of numerous dendrometric, climatic and edaphic traits and genetic diversity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iliana Karina Dominguez-Guerrero ◽  
Samantha Mariscal-Lucero ◽  
José Ciro Hernández-Díaz ◽  
Berthold Heinze ◽  
José Ángel Prieto-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Assisted Migration ◽  
Tree Community ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
The Mean

Background. Picea chihuahuana, which is endemic to Mexico, is currently listed as “Endangered” on the Red List. Chihuahua spruce is only found in the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO), Mexico. About 42,600 individuals are distributed in forty populations. The populations are fragmented and can be classified into three distinct clusters in the SMO of the two States (south, center and north), each group separated by a distance of about 300 km. The total area covered P. chihuahuana trees is less than 300 ha. A recent study suggested assisted migration as an alternative to the ex situ conservation of P. chihuahuana, taking into consideration the genetic structure and diversity of the populations and also predictions regarding the future climate of the habitat. However, detailed background information is required to enable development of plans for protecting and conserving species and for successful assisted migration. Thus, it is important to identify differences between populations in relation to environmental conditions. The vitality and genetic diversity of populations, which affect vigour, evolution and adaptability of the species, must also be considered. In this study, we examined the P. chihuahuana tree community growing in fourteen different locations, with the overall aim of discriminating the populations and clusters of this species using 22 climatic, 27 edaphic and 15 dasometric variables and three genetic diversity indices. Methods. Each location was represented by one 50 x 50 m plot established in the center of the location in which was measured the climate, soil, dasometric and genetic variables. The putative neutral and adaptive AFLP were used to calculate genetic diversity. Multivariate discriminant analysis including cross-validation was considered to test for significant differences in variables in the southern, central and northern populations and locations of the P. chihuahuana tree community. Spearman's correlation test was used to analyze the relationships between genetic diversity, population size, and the climatic, soil and dasometric variables. Results. The discriminant analysis revealed 22 highly significant variables, which separated the southern, central and northern populations. The mean genetic diversity of P. chihuahuana was significantly correlated with the mean temperature in the warmest month. Genetic diversity of P. chihuahuana calculated with putative adaptive AFLP was not statistically significantly correlated with any environmental factor. Finally, no significant correlations were observed between any of the three genetic diversity indices and population size. Discussion. At least three different ecotypes of P. chihuahuana probably exist, as local adaptation may take place because of the different environmental conditions. Therefore, future reforestation programs should take into account these different ecotypes and environmental conditions.

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