scholarly journals Suppressing Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) by Grafting Tomato Seedlings Grown on Six Comparable Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Anggita Rahmawati ◽  
Triwidodo Arwiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Tomato Seedling ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
The Media ◽  
Resistant Rootstock

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an important disease of tomatoes. The grafting method with a resistant rootstock variety is a reliable control technique and has been carried out in many countries. Healthy tomato seedling are needed for grafting so this study was aimed to find a good seedling medium to grow the upper stem and rootstock of tomato for grafting and to know the effect of seed media on the intensity of bacterial wilt). Tomato seeds were grown in coir and rice husk charcoal with ratio A (10:0), B (9:1), C (8:2), D (7:3), E (6:4), F (5:5) (coir : rice husk charcoal, v/v). Seedlings were watered regularly and after seedlings aged 21 days, the grafting was conducted. Agronomic observations were justified by measuring germination style, plant height, leaf area, fresh mass and dry mass of plants at 21 days after planting. Tomato seedlings were grafted by using H-7996 variety as a rootstock and Servo variety as an upper stem. Tomato seedlings were transplanted into polybags and then inoculated with R. solanacearum (108 CFU/ml). The disease intensity and AUDPC (Area Under Disease Progress Curve) were recorded. The results revealed that the media with a ratio of 8:2 (coir : rice husk charcoal, v/v) is the best medium for growing tomatoes and the grafting treatment could reduce the disease intensity of bacterial wilt by 40% compared with non grafted treatment and reduce 16% disease intensity compared to the grafted treatment with seedling sown in other ratio media at the last observation.

scholarly journals Effect of Calcium Nutrition on Disease Development and Latent Infection of Bacterial Wilt in Grafted Tomato Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 445B-445
Author(s):  
H. Yamazaki ◽  
S. Kikuchi ◽  
T. Hoshina ◽  
T. Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
Resistant Rootstock

To control bacterial wilt of tomato, grafting with resistant rootstocks widely prevails in Japan, but the disease has recently occurred even on grafted plants. Concerning this breakdown of resistance, the experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of Ca nutrition on disease development and latent infection of bacterial wilt in grafted tomato seedlings. Three levels of Ca (0.4, 4.4, or 20.4 mm) in a nutrient solution were applied to grafted seedlings (scion: `Momotarou', resistant rootstock: `Hawaii 7998') grown in a phytotron. One week after the Ca treatment, seedlings were inoculated with a 108 cfu/ml suspension of Ralstonia solanacearum by a stem puncture at the basal stem of the rootstock. The disease incidence was recorded for 21 days. In a second experiment, xylem exudates were collected from decapitated scions of the Ca-treated seedlings 5 days after inoculation. Populations of the pathogen in the exudates were counted by plating on a selective medium. Colonies isolated were reinoculated to susceptible seedlings to check the virulence. The high Ca treatment increased leaf and stem Ca contents, and significantly reduced the disease incidence. While Ca concentrations in the xylem exudates increased with the high Ca treatment, the populations of the pathogen in the exudates were high (>109 cfu/ml) even at the high Ca treatment. All the colonies isolated were virulent. These results showed that grafted tomato seedlings treated with a high Ca concentration were highly resistant to bacterial wilt, but latently infected.

scholarly journals Substrate incubation time after fungi inoculation in the control tomato seedling damping-off

2021 ◽  
pp. 411-415
Author(s):  
Gabriel Danilo Shimizu ◽  
Rafael de Freitas Orozimbo da Silva ◽  
Luana Tainá Machado Ribeiro ◽  
Maíra Tiaki Higuchi ◽  
Jean Carlo Baudraz de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Tomato Seedling ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Progress Curve

The use of fungi of the genus Trichoderma spp. for the control of plant diseases it has proved to be an important and promising tool, mainly for the tomato crop production system, however, there are difficulties in establishing the bioagent. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of substrate incubation time after inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum to control the damping-off of tomato seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of six treatments and four replications. The treatments are two incubation times in two doses of T. harzianum (0 and 10 days of substrate incubation [DIST] after inoculation with T. harzianum in 1.0 or 5.0 g of T. harzianum) and two controls (control inoculated and not inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani). The variables analyzed were incidence of damping-off, area under the disease progress curve, percentage of emergence, emergency speed index, average emergency time, germination speed coefficient, total fresh mass, root length (cm) and height of the area part (cm). The treatments containing Trichoderma harzianum have proven to be promising for the control of R. solani and for the growth of tomato seedlings.

scholarly journals Biocontrol potential of bacteriophage ɸsp1 against bacterial wilt-causing Ralstonia solanacearum in Solanaceae crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramila Devi Umrao ◽  
Vineet Kumar ◽  
Shilpa Deshpande Kaistha
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Bacteriophage Therapy ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Wide Ph Range ◽  
Ph Range

Abstract Background Bacteriophages are effective biocontrol strategy as well as ecofriendly remedy for the emerging antibiotic and chemical resistance in bacterial phytopathogens such as bacterial wilt-causing Ralstonia solanacearum. One of the major challenges in the use of bacteriophage therapy for agricultural phytopathogens is maintaining their viability even during variations in pH, temperature, ultraviolet irradiation, and desiccation during field application for sustainable agriculture. Results In this study, the isolation and characterization of phage ɸsp1 for its efficacy against wilt-causing R. solanacearum performed on Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) seedlings and Solanum tuberosum (potato) tuber assay are reported. Bacteriophage was found to be viable and stable at a wide pH range (3.0–9.0) and at temperatures up to 55 °C. Phage ɸsp1 required ~15 min for adsorption and completed its life cycle in 25–30 min by host cell lysis with a burst size of ~250–300. Phage ɸsp1 eradicated 94.73% preformed R. solanacearum biofilm and inhibited biofilm formation by 73.68% as determined by the static crystal violet microtiter biofilm assay. Transmission electron microscope revealed the phage ɸsp1 to be approximately 208±15 nm in size, comprising of icosahedral head (100 ±15 nm) and tail, as belonging to Myoviridae family. Plant bioassays showed 81.39 and 87.75% reduction in pathogen count using phages ɸsp1 in potato tuber and tomato seedlings, respectively. Reversal in disease symptoms was 100% in phage-treated tuber and tomato plant (pot assay) compared to only pathogen-treated controls. Conclusion Isolated bacteriophage ɸsp1 was found to be highly host specific, effective in biofilm prevention, and capable of inhibiting bacterial wilt at low multiplicity of infection (1.0 MOI) in tomato as well as potato tuber bioassays. Phages ɸsp1 were environmentally stable as they survive at variable pH and temperature. Bacteriophage ɸsp1 shows a promise for development into a biocontrol formulation for the prevention of R. solanacearum bacterial wilt disease.

scholarly journals Design of an Air Blowing Device Above Seedbed: The Effect of Air Disturbance on the Microenvironment and Growth of Tomato Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1308-1314
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Juanqi Li ◽  
Guoxiu Wu ◽  
Yanman Li ◽  
Aimin Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Tomato Seedling ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Air Blowing ◽  
Air Circulation

In recent years, air circulation has been used in protected cultivation to improve the microenvironment around seedlings, which in turn enhances photosynthesis and seedling growth. However, a practical and precise air circulation device has not yet been reported, especially one for growing seedlings in a greenhouse. Considering the use of a seedbed in seedling cultivation, a blower that can move back and forth on the seedbed and accurately control the air velocity is designed. In this experiment, we take the nonblowing treatment as the control (CK); three air velocities (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 m/s) were selected to investigate the effect of interval blowing on the microenvironment of the canopy, physiology of seedling growth, stomatal characteristics of leaves, and stem mechanics of tomato seedlings. The three air velocities were found to significantly reduce the canopy temperature by 0.44, 0.78, and 1.48 °C lower than the CK, respectively, and leaf temperature by 0.83, 1.57, and 2.27 °C lower than the CK, respectively, in cultivated seedlings during summer. The relative humidity of the tomato seedling canopy decreased by 2.7% to 7.0%. Compared with the CK, the plant height of tomato seedlings decreased by 13.54% and root dry mass, root-shoot ratio, and seedling quality index (SQI) increased by 34.63%, 21.43%, and 14.29%, respectively, at 0.6 m/s. In addition, mechanical indexes such as hardness and elasticity of the tomato seedling stem were higher under air disturbance than those of the CK. The best effect was seen in the treatment with the air velocity of 0.6 m/s, in which the hardness and elasticity of the stem base and the first node were significantly higher than that of the CK. In conclusion, air disturbance generated by the air blowing device we designed effectively improved the microenvironment around the plants, enhanced the physiological activity of the seedlings, and thereby promoted seedling growth.

scholarly journals Grafting Tomato to Manage Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in the Southeastern United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 973-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Rivard ◽  
S. O'Connell ◽  
M. M. Peet ◽  
R. M. Welker ◽  
F. J. Louws
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Grafting Onto ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, can result in severe losses to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) growers in the southeastern United States, and grafting with resistant rootstocks may be an effective strategy for managing this disease. However, R. solanacearum populations maintain considerable diversity, and little information is known regarding the efficacy of commercially available rootstocks to reduce bacterial wilt incidence and subsequent crop loss in the United States. In this study, tomato plants grafted onto ‘Dai Honmei’ and ‘RST-04-105-T’ rootstocks had significantly lower area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values compared with nongrafted plants (P < 0.05). Across three locations in North Carolina, final bacterial wilt incidence for non- and self-grafted plants was 82 ± 14 to 100%. In contrast, bacterial wilt incidence for the grafted plants was 0 to 65 ± 21%. Final bacterial wilt incidence of plants grafted with Dai Honmei rootstock was 0 and 13 ± 3% at two locations in western North Carolina but 50 ± 3% at a third site in eastern North Carolina. Similarly, grafting onto RST-04-105-T rootstock significantly reduced AUDPC values at two of the three locations (P < 0.05) compared with that of the nongrafted plants, but performed poorly at the third site. Total fruit yields were significantly increased by grafting onto resistant rootstocks at all three sites (P < 0.05). Regression analyses indicated that yield was significantly negatively correlated with bacterial wilt AUDPC values (R2 was 0.4048 to 0.8034), and the use of resistant rootstocks enabled economically viable tomato production in soils naturally infested with R. solanacearum.

scholarly journals A Streptomyces sp. NEAU-HV9: Isolation, Identification, and Potential as a Biocontrol Agent against Ralstonia solanacearum of Tomato Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Ling ◽  
Xiaoyang Han ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Tomato Seedling ◽  
Genus Streptomyces ◽  
Tomato Seedlings

Ralstonia solanacearum is an important soil-borne bacterial plant pathogen. In this study, an actinomycete strain named NEAU-HV9 that showed strong antibacterial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum was isolated from soil using an in vitro screening technique. Based on physiological and morphological characteristics and 98.90% of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8T, the strain was identified as a member of the genus Streptomyces. Tomato seedling and pot culture experiments showed that after pre-inoculation with the strain NEAU-HV9, the disease occurrence of tomato seedlings was effectively prevented for R. solanacearum. Then, a bioactivity-guided approach was employed to isolate and determine the chemical identity of bioactive constituents with antibacterial activity from strain NEAU-HV9. The structure of the antibacterial metabolite was determined as actinomycin D on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report that actinomycin D has strong antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum with a MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of 0.6 mg L−1 (0.48 μmol L−1). The in vivo antibacterial activity experiment showed that actinomycin D possessed significant preventive efficacy against R. solanacearum in tomato seedlings. Thus, strain NEAU-HV9 could be used as BCA (biological control agent) against R. solanacearum, and actinomycin D might be a promising candidate for a new antibacterial agent against R. solanacearum.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum Causing Tobacco Bacterial Wilt in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 1288-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Li ◽  
Ji Feng ◽  
Hailong Liu ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Tom Hsiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Soilborne Disease ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Different Levels

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is the most serious soilborne disease of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in China. In this study, 89 strains were collected in 2012 to 2014 from across the four major tobacco-growing areas in China. The strains were identified as phylotype I by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and further divided into seven sequevars based on polymorphisms in the endoglucanase (egl) gene. Among the seven sequevars, four (15, 17, 34, and 44) have been previously described as pathogens of tobacco and two (13 and 14), which are reported here on tobacco, were previously found only on other plants. In addition, a new sequevar named 54 was identified. Strains from tobacco from different regions showed different levels of genetic diversity based on partial egl gene sequences. The farther north the distribution, the lower the gene diversity found. Pathogenicity of 27 representative strains was assessed by inoculation onto three tobacco cultivars of varying susceptibility. Through cluster analysis of area under the disease progress curve values, the 27 strains were classified into different pathotypes based on virulence; however, no obvious associations were found between sequevar and pathotype. These results will assist in determining geographical distribution of strains, and provide the foundation for breeding and integrated management programs in China.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Tomat Sambung Pada Intensitas Penyakit Layu Bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum), Komponen Hasil Produksi, dan Kualitas Buah

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-420
Author(s):  
Lisa Navitasari ◽  
Tri Joko ◽  
Rudi Hari Murti ◽  
Triwidodo Arwiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
High Production ◽  
Resistant Rootstock

Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) is one of soil borne pathogens causes bacterial wilt diseases and R. solanacearum is difficult to control because it has a long survival in the soil and have many hosts alternatives. One alternative to control R. solanacearum and to increase productivity is by using grating with combination of resistant varieties of tomato as a rootstock and high production varieties of tomato as a scion. Several studies on grafting to suppress R. solanacearum were reported. However, study on grafting with combination between resistant tomato varieties (Amelia H7996) and high-production tomato varieties with R. solanacearum infestation and without R. solanacearum infestation on the component of yield and fruit quality is limited. The study aims to analyze the effect of grafting with R. solanacearum infestation to the intensity of bacterial wilt disease, component of yield, and fruit quality with R. solanacearum infestation and without R. solanacearum infestation. The result indicated that the intensity of bacterial wilt disease on grafted tomato did not significantly different from resistant rootstock but significantly different from scion.  Infestation of R. solanacearum on grafted tomato can decreased the plant productivity that decreased the component of yield on grafted tomato. R. solanacearum infestation also decreased the fruit quality on diameters and fruit firmness. Nevertheless, R. solanacearum did not affect the Total soluble solid/TSS (°Brix). TSS on grafted tomato indicated that the value is taller than rootstock in the field with R. solanacearum infestation and in the field without R. solanacearum infestation.   Keywords: fruit quality, productivity, Rasltonia solanacearum, tomato grafted

scholarly journals Compost Amendments Based on Vinegar Residue Promote Tomato Growth and Suppress Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia Solanacearum

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingming He ◽  
Mohammad Shah Jahan ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Jin Sun ◽  
Sheng Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Vinegar Residue ◽  
Tomato Bacterial Wilt

Tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (RS) is one of the most devastating soil-borne diseases, and compost is to be considered as a resource-saving and environment-friendly measure to control the disease. Herein, a pot experiment was implemented to explore the effects of vinegar residue matrix amendments on the growth performances of tomato seedlings and to examine the suppression ability against bacterial wilt under vinegar residue substrate (VRS), and peat substrate (Peat) with RS inoculation. The results revealed that VRS effectively suppressed the disease incidence of bacterial wilt, increased the number of bacteria and actinomycetes, decreased fungi populations, promoted soil microbial populations and microbial activities, enhanced the growths of tomato seedlings, and modulated defense mechanism. In addition, VRS efficiently inhibited the oxidative damage in RS inoculated leaves via the regulation of excess reactive oxide species (O2•− and H2O2) production, lessening of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and causing less membrane injury; resulting in enhancements of antioxidants enzymes activities accompanying with modulating their encoding gene expression. The transcription levels of NPR1, PIN2, PR1b, ACO1, EDS1, PR1B, MAPK3, PIN2, and RRS1 were also modulated with the pathogens inoculated in tomato leaves both in VRS and Peat treatments, which indicated that systemic-acquired resistance possesses cross-talk between salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and the ethylene-dependent signaling pathway. Besides, the RS inoculation significantly inhibited the growth of tomato seedlings, and all growth indices of plants grown in VRS were considerably higher than those produced in Peat. Taken together, VRS represents a new strategy to control tomato bacterial wilt through boosting the soil microbial populations and microbial activities. Furthermore, VRS promotes the plant immune response to provide a better growth environment for plants surviving in disease conditions.

scholarly journals Epidemiological analysis of clones and cultivars of potato in soil naturally infested with Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
José R.P. Silveira ◽  
Valmir Duarte ◽  
Marcelo G. Moraes ◽  
Carlos A. Lopes ◽  
José M. Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Latent Infections ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Potato Wilt

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the progress of Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial potato wilt biovar 2 (race 3) in 14 potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars or clones, the resistance of potato clone MB 03 (selected in Brasília, Brazil) to race 1 of R. solanacearum, and the occurrence of the pathogen in tubers harvested from asymptomatic potato plants. During the spring (September to the end of November in the southern hemisphere) of 1999 and 2000, 14 cultivars or clones were grown in a field naturally infested with R. solanacearum biovar 2, in Caxias do Sul, RS. The number of wilted potato plants was recorded each week and a disease progress curve plotted, the resistance of the potato genotypes to bacterial wilt being evaluated by determining the area under the curve. Various models were evaluated to fit the curves, with the logistic model being the best fit. At the end of each growing season tubers produced by asymptomatic plants were harvested and stored until budding and then tested for the presence of R. solanacearum. Cultivar Cruza 148 and clone MB 03 were the most resistant but both showed tubers with latent infections. The epidemiological implications of the incidence of R. solanacearum biovar 2 (race 3) in potato crops, as well as the resistance of certain genotypes that may harbor latent infections, are important aspects to be considered in the integrated management of bacterial wilt.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document