scholarly journals Barking at the Wrong Tree: Articles 31-31bis TRIPs Revisited in Light of COVID-19 Lessons

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. p21
Author(s):  
Nellie Munin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Trips Agreement ◽  
Major Obstacle ◽  
The Future ◽  
Broad Scale

The COVID-19 reality challenged the assumption underlying Articles31-31bisof the TRIPS agreement. It illustrated that the major obstacle to access of developing countries and LDCs to medicines and/or vaccines in cases of broad-scale, global pandemics is global production capacity and distribution priorities, namely: availability, rather than price. This article examines the future implications of this understanding.

scholarly journals Temperature and Prey Species Richness Drive the Broad-Scale Distribution of a Generalist Predator

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Danai-Eleni Michailidou ◽  
Maria Lazarina ◽  
Stefanos P. Sgardelis
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
The Future ◽  
Grass Snake ◽  
Broad Scale

The ongoing climate change and the unprecedented rate of biodiversity loss render the need to accurately project future species distributional patterns more critical than ever. Mounting evidence suggests that not only abiotic factors, but also biotic interactions drive broad-scale distributional patterns. Here, we explored the effect of predator-prey interaction on the predator distribution, using as target species the widespread and generalist grass snake (Natrix natrix). We used ensemble Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) to build a model only with abiotic variables (abiotic model) and a biotic one including prey species richness. Then we projected the future grass snake distribution using a modest emission scenario assuming an unhindered and no dispersal scenario. The two models performed equally well, with temperature and prey species richness emerging as the top drivers of species distribution in the abiotic and biotic models, respectively. In the future, a severe range contraction is anticipated in the case of no dispersal, a likely possibility as reptiles are poor dispersers. If the species can disperse freely, an improbable scenario due to habitat loss and fragmentation, it will lose part of its contemporary distribution, but it will expand northwards.

Acute Myocardial Infarction During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Mexico City: What to Expect in the Future in Developing Countries?

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2, Mar-Abr) ◽  
pp. 163-165
Author(s):  
Alexandra Arias-Mendoza ◽  
Héctor González-Pacheco ◽  
Diego Araiza-Garaygordobil ◽  
Guering Eid-Lidt ◽  
Rodrigo Gopar-Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
The Future

Automotive Industry in BRIC Countries

2014 ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
S. Afanas'ev ◽  
V. Kondrat’ev
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Bric Countries ◽  
Final Assembly ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The Future ◽  
Assembly Operations

For the next decade, the future of the automotive industry lies in BRIC’ countries. Together, Brazil, Russia, India, and China will account for some 30 percent of world auto sales in 2014 while also offering significant opportunities for cost-effective R&D, sourcing, and manufacturing. The authors analyze the degree of localization of leading TNC and supplies in each BRIC country, for each function, compare localization across BRIC countries, assess the future development of these markets, compare local capabilities and resources, and identify particularly promising combinations of functions and countries. Key trends in developing countries include continuing liberalization and globalization, increased foreign investment and ownership, and the increasing importance of follow-source and follow-design forces. The article concerns the trends and factors of national automotive industry formation in BRIC countries. Special emphasis is made on localization of R&D activities, final assembly operations and components production by global automotive companies in BRIC countries. It systemizes the factors of investment opportunities of different developing markets. It is concluded that active state regulation is playing the principle role in localization and catching-up process in automotive industry in developing countries. The comparison of the automotive industry in BRIC countries allows shedding light on the economic processes of emergence at large. There is a stark contrast in the capacities of development of the sector in these countries. This contrast serves as an analyzer between the modes of sector opening and the paths of technological catching-up that is the core of the phenomenon of emergence. The analysis and best practices presented in the topic, while focusing on the BRIC countries, are applicable also to other rapidly developing economies.

The role of quality seed use for world crop production with special reference to the developing countries

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 268-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
W P Feistritzer
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pasture Plants

In this short article the author indicates the present stages of development of variety evaluation, testing, certification, production and marketing of quality seed—of cereals, industrial crops, pasture plants and vegetables—in major geographical regions of the world and draws attention to some of the underlying problems which must be faced in the future if further progress is to be made.

scholarly journals Renewable Energy Development as a Driver of Economic Growth: Evidence from Multivariate Panel Data Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Singh ◽  
Richard Nyuur ◽  
Ben Richmond
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Renewable Energy Production ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Renewable energy is being increasingly touted as the “fuel of the future,” which will help to reconcile the prerogatives of high economic growth and an economically friendly development trajectory. This paper seeks to examine relationships between renewable energy production and economic growth and the differential impact on both developed and developing economies. We employed the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) regression model to a sample of 20 developed and developing countries for the period 1995–2016. Our key empirical findings reveal that renewable energy production is associated with a positive and statistically significant impact on economic growth in both developed and developing countries for the period 1995–2016. Our results also show that the impact of renewable energy production on economic growth is higher in developing economies, as compared to developed economies. In developed countries, an increase in renewable energy production leads to a 0.07 per cent rise in output, compared to only 0.05 per cent rise in output for developing countries. These findings have important implications for policymakers and reveal that renewable energy production can offer an environmentally sustainable means of economic growth in the future.

scholarly journals FDI Time Series Forecasts: Evidence from Emerging Markets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Dobrota ◽  
Nikola Zornić ◽  
Aleksandar Marković
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Future Period ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
The Future

Research Question: This paper investigates the trend and flow of foreign direct investments (FDI) in emerging markets, with the focus on FDI in Serbia in comparison with akin countries from the region. Motivation: FDI is an important factor of growth and prosperity in developing countries. It largely influences trade, productivity, and economic development of a receiving country. Based on UNCTAD’s World Investment Report of 2019, the share of global FDI in developing countries was 54 per cent, which was a record. Recently, Serbia has been recognized as one of the most popular destinations for FDI in Southeastern Europe. This motivated us to analyze the chances and possibilities of enlargement of FDI in Serbia, as well in other Balkan countries. Idea: The main idea of the paper is to analyze and estimate time series of FDI net inflows for Serbia. We strive to investigate whether FDI demonstrates the durable growth in the future period of time. Furthermore, we compare the state of Serbian FDI with the former Yugoslav countries, in search for disparities or similarities. Data: We observed the FDI net inflows that are measured in current US dollars, while the data were retrieved from the World Bank database. The earliest available time point is 1992, while the latest available year of observation is 2018. Tools: We estimated the FDI net flow time series using a list of suitable ARIMA models, and we have chosen the best model fit among them using AIC and BIC criteria. Findings: We have found that Serbia and North Macedonia show a mild growth in future investments. A significant percentage of the cumulative FDI inflows from EU companies have been invested precisely in Serbia, while in North Macedonia, fostering FDI has been promoted as one of the main instruments for employment and economic development. Oher Yugoslav countries tend to stagnate in the future period, which is in literature called a negative ‘Western Balkans’ effect on FDI. Contribution: Findings of the mild growth in FDI inflows in Serbia and North Macedonia contribute to the policy of attracting the FDI inflows in the countries of Southeastern Europe.

scholarly journals Impacts of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing on Developing Countries: The Case of Somalia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Abdimalik Jama Omar ◽  
Ayub Abdirahman Mohamed ◽  
Sulaiman Abullahi Bambale
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Major Obstacle ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Sustainable Fisheries ◽  
Data Collection Methods ◽  
Illegal Fishing ◽  
Iuu Fishing ◽  
The Government ◽  
Collection Methods

Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing is recognized as global phenomenon and also a major obstacle to achieved sustainable fisheries. The consequences of IUU fishing cost up to $23 billion a year. Developing countries are excessively influenced by this illegal business, to a limited extent because of an absence of monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) capacity within their sovereign jurisdiction. It represents a remarkable loss of revenue, where dependence on fisheries for food, livelihoods and revenue is high. Somalia, having the longest coastline in Africa is badly affected by this IUU. Hence, this research analyses the impacts of IUU fishing to Somalia. It examines the root causes of the problem and how it has affected the whole nation and its people, as well as and how the government and regional administrations are putting efforts on fighting against it. This research discusses the baseline against which successful action to combat illegal fishing can be judged. Document study and interview are the main data collection methods in this research.

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