scholarly journals CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE STRESS-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS AND ITS AMELIORATIVE EFFECT BY MYRICETIN MICROEMULSION

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Sakthivel G ◽  
Deva Karunya M ◽  
Prajisha P ◽  
Keerthipriya Cs ◽  
Ravindran R
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Stress ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Open Field Behavior ◽  
Brain Wave

 Objective: The present study is designed to investigate the effects of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) on electrophysiological and behavioral alterations in male Wistar albino rats and its ameliorating effect by myricetin-microemulsion (MYR-ME).Materials and Methods: Adult Wistar male albino rats were exposed to CUS for 21 days and treated with MYR-ME (10 mg/kg) for 21 days by oral administration. All the experimental animals were tested for anxiety and cognitive behavior by open-field behavior, light/dark test, eight-arm radial maze, spontaneous alteration T-maze, novel object recognition test, plasma corticosterone level, and electrophysiological activity.Results: The rats which were exposed to CUS showed memory impairment, increased anxiety, decreased novel explorations, deleterious effect on decision-making, increased corticosterone level, increased brain wave frequency and amplitude, and also heart rate. Whereas, CUS with MYR-ME-treated group showed a protective effect against CUS-induced behavioral alterations, electrophysiological activity, and corticosterone levels, which is characterized by the enhancement of cognitive function, decreased anxiety and improved decision-making, novel exploration, decreased corticosterone, and electrophysiological activity.Conclusion: From the present study, it is shown that MYR-ME may act as a potential anxiolytic and nootropic compound against CUS-induced alterations.

Bacopa monnieri alleviates aluminium chloride-induced anxiety by regulating plasma corticosterone level in Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Senthil Murugan Murugaiyan ◽  
Rajesh Bhargavan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Bacopa Monnieri ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone Level ◽  
Protective Groups

AbstractObjectivesAluminium is present in food preparations, antacids and many medications. It causes neurodegeneration thereby resulting in a spectrum of neurological disorders such as dementia, Alzheimer’s disease and anxiety. Bacopa monnieri (BM) is widely used in ayurvedic medicine to improve memory functions. Its anxiolytic property was investigated in this study by using elevated plus maze (EPM) and plasma corticosterone level.MethodsThirty rats were assigned into five groups. Control group received distilled water, and 0.5% tween 80, AlCl3 group received Aluminium Chloride (AlCl3), Protective groups (BM100 + AlCl3 group and BM200 + AlCl3 group) received AlCl3 and BM at two different doses, and the BM200 group received BM. The EPM experiment was performed at the end of the 4th week of oral administration of BM and AlCl3 followed by the measurement of plasma corticosterone.ResultsOral administration of AlCl3 to rats increases the levels of anxiety as seen in a decrease in the percentage of entries into the open arms of EPM, an increase in grooming frequency and defecation index. However, the rats in the protective groups shown an increase in the percentage of open arm entries and rearing frequency, and decreased grooming frequency and defecation index. AlCl3 alone treated group showed a significant increase in the plasma corticosterone levels compared to the control group. Whereas the protective groups have shown a significant decrease in the plasma corticosterone levels than the AlCl3 alone treated group.ConclusionsHence the BM has potential role in reverting the anxiogenic effect of AlCl3 in the amygdala as it is evident from the plasma corticosterone levels and the EPM parameters of different groups under study.

scholarly journals Experimental Comparative Study of potential anxiolytic effect of Vitamin C and Buspirone in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Ghada Farouk Soliman ◽  
Aida Abdalla Khattab ◽  
Mariam Refaat Habil
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Behavioral Tests

Background: Anxiety disorders are the most common of all mental health problems. They are more prevalent among women than among men, and they affect children as well as adults. The aim of the current study is to evaluate this problem via an experimental animal model and try to explore its possible mechanisms by studying the effect of Vitamin C compared to Buspirone on anxiety in rats induced by Monosodium Glutamate (MSG).Materials and Methods: 56 healthy adult male albino rats (Sprague-Dawley) weighing 200-250 gm were used and divided into 7 groups (8 rats each). The first and the second groups were provided with normal saline and MSG at a dose of (2 mg/g p.o.) respectively. The other five groups were given MSG and treated daily in the following way: The third and fourth groups were treated with Vitamin C (100, 200 mg/kg p.o) respectively. The fifth group was treated with only Buspirone (10 mg/kg p.o.), while the last sixth and seventh groups were given a combination of Buspirone and Vitamin C with (100, 200 mg/kg) respectively. After 3 weeks, the open field and successive alleys tests were used to assess behavioral changes. The percentage change of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured. Additionally, glutathione reductase (GR), malondialdehyde (MDA), and corticosterone levels were determined biochemically.Results: The results after 3 weeks revealed that MSG group showed significant anxiogenic effects in both behavioral tests, with an increased percentage change of SBP in addition to increased malondialdehyde and corticosterone level measured statistically. While the results of the treated groups revealed that the Vitamin C (100mg/kg) treated group demonstrated significant improvement in anxiety levels in the open field test, there were no significant changes in the biochemical assessment. However, vitamin C (200mg/kg) treated group revealed a significant anxiolytic effect in behavioral tests, improved glutathione and malondialdehyde with low corticosterone level. Administration of buspirone revealed significant anxiolytic effects, which is lower than that of vitamin C (200mg/kg). But it caused significant increase in the oxidative stress and corticosterone levels. A combination of buspirone with Vitamin C (200mg/kg) only demonstrated significant anxiolytic effect in both tests and a significant decrease of corticosterone.Conclusion: MSG has neurotoxic effect leading to anxiogenic behaviors in rats which are opposed by Vitamin C. Furthermore, as an antioxidant, vitamin C protects against the oxidative stress induced by MSG. Moreover, it lowers the high corticosterone level associated with MSG or buspirone administration.Key Words: MSG, vitamin C, buspirone, glutathione reductase, malondialdehyde, open field, successive alleys

scholarly journals ROLE OF MICHELIA CHAMPACA IN MEMORY ENHANCEMENT AND ACUTE NOISE STRESSED MALE WISTAR ALBINO RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Malathi S. ◽  
Vidyashree . ◽  
Ravindran Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stress ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Memory Enhancement ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Michelia Champaca

Objective: To identify the memory enhancing role of Michelia champaca in acute noise stressed animals. Methods: Male Wistar albino rats were used in this study. Animals were exposed to noise for 4 h before testing for memory. Thereafter, the plasma corticosterone level and acetylcholinesterase activity were estimated in the discrete regions of the brain, and the memory related behavior were assessed by eight arm radial maze.Results: Our results showed that Michelia champaca enhances the memory activity and decreases the corticosterone concentrations in acute noise stress animals treated with M. champaca. Moreover, it also decreased brain acetylcholinesterase activity when compared with the acute stress group (p<0.05). Furthermore, behavioral tests indicate that working memory, is enhanced by acute stress and decreases the error levels in all the parameters studied in the behavior aspects when compared to control animals.Conclusion: These findings suggest that Michelia champaca enhances the memory in albino rats and might be useful therapeutically for cognitive related dysfunctions. This could be due to the presence of memory boosting compounds and its antistressor and anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, thereby reduces the levels of serum corticosterone and inhibition of cholinesterase enzyme significantly.

scholarly journals RESTORATION OF MEMORY AND ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY BY MICHELIA CHAMPACA IN CHRONICALLY NOISE STRESSED WISTAR ALBINO RATS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Malathi S
Keyword(s):  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
Noise Stress ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Michelia Champaca

ABSTRACTObjective:The ability of an organism to adapt to aversive stressful situations or life challenging circumstances is very crucial to its state of health and survival. However, breakdown in adaptation due to persistent uncontrollable stress, leads to impairment of bodily functions and onset of a variety of pathological disorders especially memory decline. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Michelia champaca(M.champaca) a potent antioxidant on chronic noise stress induced memory impairment in rats. Methods: Male wistar albino rats were used in this study. Animals were exposed to noise for 30 consecutive days (4hrs/day) before testing for memory. Thereafter, the plasma corticosterone level and acetylcholinesterase activity were estimated in the three discrete regions of the brain homogenate using spectrophotometer. Result:Our results showed that M.champaca prevented memory impairment and suppressed corticosterone concentrations induced by chronic noise stress. Moreover it also decreased brain acetylcholinesterase activity when compared with chronic stress group (p < 0.05). Conclusions:These findings suggest that M.champaca attenuates memory deficits induced by chronic noise stress in albino rats and may be useful therapeutically for stress-related cognitive dysfunctions. The reduction in the levels of serum corticosterone and inhibition of cholinesterase enzyme might be contributing significantly to the positive effect of M.champaca on memory in rats exposed to chronic noise stress.Keywords: M.champaca, memory, corticosterone, chronic noise stress, acetylcholinesterase activity, Eight-arm radial maze.

Impact of cefepime on hematological, immunological and oxidant/antioxidant parameters in rats experimentally infected with E. coli ATCC 25922

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Huda Elbaz ◽  
Mohamed Hamed ◽  
Fatma Abdelhamid ◽  
Osama Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters

Objective: To evaluate the effect of cefepime on hematological changes, immunological disorders and hepatic oxidative damage in rats experimentally infected with E.coli ATCC 25922. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Thirty-two adult male albino rats weighting150-200 g. Procedures: Rats used for this study were randomly assigned into 4 equal groups: the control one, E.coli infected group (1×108CFU/I/P/once), the cefepime treated group (45 mg/kg bw/I/M/day) for 5 days and the E.coli infected group that treated with cefepime 24h after bacterial inoculation as previously described. Hematological and immunological parameters, liver function biomarkers and hepatic oxidative stress and antioxidant markers were determined. Results: Our result revealed that E.coli infection induced a significant elevation in the erythrocytes count, hemoglobin concentration, PCV% and total leukocytic count (TLC) (P < 0.05). In the same respect, liver function biomarkers, serum glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels as well hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, IL-10, and lysozyme activity were significantly increased compared to the control rats (P < 0.05). In contrast, hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Cefepime treatment in E.coli + CFPM group reduced the elevated eythrogram, TLC and liver function biomarkers. Cefepime also ameliorated the oxidative damage and inflammatory response induced by E.coli infection. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Cefepime is safe when administered in a fixed-dose and possess antioxidant that contributes to improve efficacy against adverse effect induced by E.coli ATCC 25922 infection.

Effect of cefepime on hematological, immunological and oxidant/antioxidant parameters in rats experimentally infected with E. coli ATCC 25922

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Huda Elbaz
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters

Objective: To evaluate the effect of cefepime on hematological changes, immunological disorders and hepatic oxidative damage in rats experimentally infected with E.coli ATCC 25922. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Thirty-two adult male albino rats weighting150-200 g. Procedures: Rats used for this study were randomly assigned into 4 equal groups: the control one, E.coli infected group (1×108CFU/I/P/once), the cefepime treated group (45 mg/kg bw/I/M/day) for 5 days and the E.coli infected group that treated with cefepime 24h after bacterial inoculation as previously described. Hematological and immunological parameters, liver function biomarkers and hepatic oxidative stress and antioxidant markers were determined. Results: Our result revealed that E.coli infection induced a significant elevation in the erythrocytes count, hemoglobin concentration, PCV% and total leukocytic count (TLC) (P < 0.05). In the same respect, liver function biomarkers, serum glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels as well hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, IL-10, and lysozyme activity were significantly increased compared to the control rats (P < 0.05). In contrast, hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Cefepime treatment in E.coli + CFPM group reduced the elevated eythrogram, TLC and liver function biomarkers. Cefepime also ameliorated the oxidative damage and inflammatory response induced by E.coli infection. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Cefepime is safe when administered in a fixed-dose and possess antioxidant that contributes to improve efficacy against adverse effect induced by E.coli ATCC 25922 infection.

Dissociation of adrenal corticosteroid production from ACTH in water-restricted female rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (1) ◽  
pp. R21-R24 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Doell ◽  
M. F. Dallman ◽  
R. B. Clayton ◽  
G. D. Gray ◽  
S. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Acth Concentration

These experiments were undertaken to investigate the mechanism whereby a precipitous drop in plasma corticosterone concentration is brought about following drinking in rats on a restricted water schedule. No alteration in adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) output was found, nor was catabolism of corticosterone sufficient to account for the drop. It is concluded that corticosterone level is controlled under these conditions by a mechanism independent of ACTH concentration.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract ofTabernaemontana divaricata(L.) R. Br. against DEN and Fe NTA Induced Liver Necrosis in Wistar Albino Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kannappan Poornima ◽  
Palanisamy Chella Perumal ◽  
Velliyur Kanniappan Gopalakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Liver Necrosis ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Tabernaemontana Divaricata ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

This study is an attempt to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity ofTabernaemontana divaricataagainst DEN and Fe NTA induced liver necrosis in rats. Ethanolic extract of the whole plant ofTabernaemontana divaricataat doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight and 5-fluorouracil (standard drug) was orally administered to male Wistar Albino rats once daily for 24 weeks, simultaneously treated with the carcinogen DEN and Fe NTA. In simultaneously treated animals, the plant extract significantly decreased the levels of uric acid, bilirubin, AST, ALT, and ALP in serum and increased the levels of liver marker enzymes in liver. Treatment with the extracts resulted in a significant increase in the levels of antioxidants accompanied by a marked reduction in the levels of malondialdehyde when compared to DEN and Fe NTA treated group. When compared with 200 mg/kg bw rats, 400 mg/kg bw rats and 5-fluorouracil treated rats showed better results in all the parameters. The histopathological studies confirmed the protective effects of extract against DEN and Fe NTA induced liver necrosis. Thus, it could be concluded that the use ofTabernaemontana divaricataextract in the treatment of carcinogen induced hepatic necrosis.

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