Evaluation of Fungicides and Plant Extracts Against Pathogenic Fungi Associated With Basella Spp.

Five fungicides viz., CM 75, Dithane M 45, Knowin 50 WP, Nativo 75 WG and Rovral 50 WP were evaluated against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Drechslera sacchari and Fusarium semitectum following poisoned food technique. Out of five fungicides complete inhibition of radial growth of C. lindemuthianum was observed in Nativo 75 WG at 100 ppm. On the other hand, the complete inhibition of the growth of D. sacchari was observed with Rovral 50 WP at 400 ppm, whereas Nativo 50 WP showed complete growth inhibition at 500 ppm. CM 75 WP, Knowin 50 WP and Nativo 75 WG showed complete growth inhibition of F. semitectum at 100 ppm. Five different plant leaf extracts viz., Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Heliotropium indicum L., Lippia alba L., Michelia champaca L. and Thuja occidentalis L. were tested against the test pathogens. Of the five plant leaf extracts, Lippia alba showed the highest growth inhibition in C. lindemuthianum, D. sacchari and F. semitectum at 20% concentration. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 46(1): 81-89, June 2020

COMPARING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ASSAY FORMULATION FROM VARIOUS TRADITIONAL PLANTS AS PEDICULICIDE AGAINST Pediculus humanus capitis

Pediculosis capitis is an infection with a fairly high incidence in children. Plants that contain eugenol, as frangipani (Michelia champaca L.), ceylon ironwood (Mesua ferrea L.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii), and sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) have potential as an alternative pediculicide. This study aimed to compare the effect of traditional formulation of each plant with in vitro assay. The effectiveness of in vitro pediculicide was assessed from the post- immersion mortality time of the traditional formulation, permethrin 1% as the positive control and coconut oil as the negative control. The mechanism was observed using histopathological observation. The percentage of mortality time of lice was analyzed using One-Way ANOVA of SPSS 16. Histopathological aspects and infestation decrease were presented descriptively. This study took place for about 3 months and was conducted in Mataram University, West Nusa Tenggara. The results showed that frangipani leaves had the optimum pediculicide effect because the highest efficacy demonstrated by frangipani leaves formulation revealed the effect lower than permethrin 1% (LT: 350 minutes). In observation of histopathology, frangipani leaves formulation indicated the presence of anoxia similar to permethrin 1%.

Carbon Storage of Single Tree and Mixed Tree Dominant Species Stands in a Reserve Forest—Case Study of the Eastern Sub-Himalayan Region of India

In recent decades, carbon (C) management is an important point on the agenda to identify the best viable mitigation strategies for its reduction. The study was conducted at Jaldapara National Park located in the Eastern Himalayan region of India. The study quantified litter production, decomposition, periodic nutrient release, soil fertility status, and soil organic carbon (SOC) of five major forest stands i.e., Tectona grandis (TGDS), Shorea robusta (SRDS), Michelia champaca (MCDS), Lagerstroemia parviflora (LPDS) and miscellaneous stand (MS). A stratified random nested quadrate method was adopted for sample collection. Results reveal that the greatest amount of litter production and decomposition was under MCDS followed by MS, LPDS, SRDS, and the smallest under TGDS. The material annual turnover through litter decomposition in all the stands varies between 96.46% and 99.34%. The content and amount of the available nutrients in litter varied significantly among the stands. Moreover, release of these nutrients was nearly equal to the amount available in the initial litter mass. In general, the magnitude of the total nutrient return was in the same order as the total litter fall and the nutrient availability was more closely related to litter nutrient content and soil organic carbon. The range of pH (4.86–5.16), EC (0.34–0.50), soil moisture (27.01–31.03) and available primary nutrients (N: (0.21–0.26 Mg/ha), P: (0.09–0.12 Mg/ha), K: (0.13–0.14 Mg/ha)) also varied significantly among the stands. Significant positive correlations were observed between SOC, N and K. Both the fertility indices exhibited no definite pattern in the stands but a significant correlation between the two indicates the healthy soil fertility status of the stands. SOC varies significantly under different forest stands, but the greatest content was found under MS. The estimated SOC ranges between 75.9 and 107.7 Mg ha−1 up to 60 cm and is reported to be below the Indian average of 182.94 Mg ha−1. The present study strongly recommends that Tectona grandis, Shorea robusta, Michelia champaca, and Lagerstroemia parviflora should be the important commercial timbers of the Eastern Himalayan region because they may help further to increase the C sink in agricultural and degraded landscapes.

Eugenol Found by GC-MS Analysis of The Methanolic Extract of The Fruit Pulp of Indigenous Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Variety, Champa from Murshidabad District of West Bengal, India

Indigenous mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties have unique aroma, taste, flavour, texture and size. The interactions among volatile compounds and with sugars and acids have a role in the distinct mango flavor. Murshidabad district of West Bengal has several indigenous mango varieties that have unique attributes like taste and aroma. The indigenous Champa mango variety of Murshidabad district has a distinct aroma very similar to that of the champaka flower (Michelia champaca L.). The present investigation was to determine if there was any phyto-chemical which could be responsible for the distinct and unique aroma present in the mango variety Champa. Eugenol, a phytogenic bioactive component frequently found in diversified herbal plants was found by GC-MS analysis of the methanolic extract of the fruit pulp of indigenous mango variety, Champa.

RESPON SEMAI BAMBANG LANANG (Michelia champaca L.) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN ASAP CAIR

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon semai bambang lanang terhadap pemberian asap cair Variabel yang diamati adalah tinggi, diameter, luas daun panjang akar, berat berangkasan basah, berat berangkasan kering dan indeks mutu semai. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji t dua variabel yaitu : perlakuan dan kontrol, konsentrasi dan kontrol dan antara konsentrasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh penggunaan asap cair tidak berbeda nyata terhadap pertumbuhan bibit bambang lanang, namun memberikan rata-rata yang lebih besar dari pada kontrol . Antara konsentrasi asap cair terdapat perbedaan nyata terhadap tinggi, jumlah daun, panjang akar, berat basah total dan berat kering total. Penggunaan asap cair 2% adalah yang paling optimal untuk meningkatkan rata-rata beberapa variabel pertumbuhan bibit bambang lanang dubandingkan dengan konsentrasi 1%, 3% dan 4%. Kata Kunci : asap cair, semai Bambang Lanang

EFEK PROTEKTIF MICHELIA CHAMPACA L PADA VASKULAR TIKUS USIA MENOPAUSE

ABSTRAKPenurunan produksi hormon estrogen pada masa menopause dapat meningkatkan keluhan pada masa menopause yaitu berkaitan dengan peningkatan risiko terhadap beberapa penyakit seperti osteoporosis, aterosklerosis dan penyakit jantung koroner. Jantung koroner salahsatunya dipicu karena keadaan stress oksidatif dalam tubuh. Salah satu tanaman yang mengandung antioksidan adalah Michelia champaca L yang disebut juga bunga cempaka kuning. Tujuan penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahu pengaruh Ekstrak Bunga Michelia champaca dalam meningkatkan ketebalan tunika intima. Rancangan penelitian adalah true experimental design dengan pendekatan the randomized posttest only control group design. Tikus dikelompokkan kedalam 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan pemberian ekstrak bunga cempaka kuning dosis 100 mg/Kg.BB/hari dan 200 mg/Kg.BB/hari. Ketebalan tunika intima dilihat pada pembuluh darah aorta dengan menggunakan aplikasi software OliVya dan ImageJ. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa ketebalan tunika intima antara kelompok kontrol dengan KP1 berbeda secara signifikan dengan p-value 0,041, kontrol dengan KP2 p-value 0,004 sedangkan KP1 dengan KP2 tidak berbeda signifikan dengan p-value 0,298 (p-value>0,05). Ekstrak bunga cempaka kuning mampu meningkatkan ketebalan tunika intima pada tikus usia menopause dengan p-value 0,012 pada dosis dosis 100 mg dan 200 mg. Kata Kunci : Michelia champaca L, Menopause, Aterosklerosis, Jantung Koroner