scholarly journals DENGUE FEVER: STAGES, COMPLICATION, DIAGNOSIS, AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
POULOMI BISWAS ◽  
SANTOSH GANGULY ◽  
BIPLAB DEBNATH
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Incidence Structure ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
The Other ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Modes Of Transmission

Dengue fever virus (DENV) is said to be a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus that belongs to the family Flaviviridae and the genus is Flavivirus. The disease can be transmitted through infected blood products and also through organ donation. Vertical transmission (from mother to child) at the time of pregnancy or during birth has been reported. Other unusual reports showed man-to-man modes of transmission. Hemorrhagic fever is specified by hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, leakage of blood plasma, or dengue shock syndrome. Dengue is basically transmitted by various species of mosquito among the genus Aedes, the most uniquely identified one is Aedes aegypti. There are four different but very closely related serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4) of the virus that causes Dengue. Lifelong immunity against the particular serotype that has caused the infection is believed to have been imparted upon recovery. However, cross-immunity to the other serotypes is either partial or temporary upon recovery and hence future infections by any of the other serotypes enhance the risk of developing severe dengue. Prevention is identified by reducing the habitat and the number of mosquitoes and also by limiting exposure to bites. Treatment of mild or moderate type is supportive, with oral or intravenous rehydration. The intravenous fluids and blood transfusion for more severe cases are found to be effective. The present study aimed to present brief and informative salient features of various facts regarding dengue, including its global incidence, structure, mode of transmission, clinical signs and symptoms, control, and preventive measures.

scholarly journals Clinical Profiles of Dengue Infection during an Outbreak in Northern India

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anish Laul ◽  
Poonam Laul ◽  
Vamsi Merugumala ◽  
Ravi Pathak ◽  
Urvashi Miglani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Acalculous Cholecystitis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Atypical Presentations

Introduction.Dengue fever is an arboviral disease, which is transmitted by mosquito vector and presents as varied clinical spectrum of dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), dengue shock syndrome (DSS), and expanded dengue syndrome (EDS) with atypical presentations, thus posing a diagnostic dilemma. Unless we are aware of these presentations, diagnosis as well as early initiation of treatment becomes difficult. We studied the various clinical presentations of dengue infection during an outbreak of disease in 2015.Materials and Methods. A total of 115 confirmed cases of dengue infection from Department of Medicine of Deen Dayal Upadhyay Hospital, New Delhi, were enrolled in this observational study.Results.The common signs and symptoms of dengue infection were fever, headache, body ache, backache, retro-orbital pain, bleeding manifestations, and rash in 100%, 87%, 86%, 58%, 41%, 21%, and 21%, respectively. Nonspecific or warning signs and symptoms included vomiting, weakness, abdominal pain, breathlessness, vertigo, sweating, and syncope. Other possible signs and symptoms of coinfections, comorbidities, or complications included diarrhea, sore throat, and neurological manifestations. There were seven patients with coinfections and four with comorbidities. The final diagnosis of these patients was DF (73%), DHF (16.5%), DSS (1.7%), and EDS (4.3%). Among EDS patients, the atypical presentations included encephalopathy, lateral rectus nerve palsy, acalculous cholecystitis, and myocarditis. Four patients required ICU care and there was no death in this study.Conclusion. Knowledge of atypical presentations is a must for early diagnosis and timely intervention to prevent life-threatening complications.

scholarly journals ASSESSING AND EMPOWERING COUNSELLING A PATIENT WITH SEVERE DENGUE FEVER ASSOCIATED WITH THROMBOCYTOPENIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Sabishruthi S. ◽  
Vedha Pal Jeyamani ◽  
Kavitha S. ◽  
Ponsegaran S. ◽  
Magesh M.
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Patient Counselling ◽  
Oral Rehydration

Dengue is one of the common mosquito-borne arbovirus infections, especially in India. Dengue virus is a single strand RNA virus, which composed of four serotypes and these serotypes, belongs to the flavivirus genus. Dengue viruses are normally transmitted through the bites of aedes mosquito species. Dengue is the most frequent cause of fever which is caused with thrombocytopenia. Dengue is probably a fatal ailment that is widely spread through the tropical and subtropical regions of the world affecting urban and semi-urban areas. It also becomes a dominant health concern globally in recent decades. The most serious complications of this infection are dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. 18 y old male patient was admitted to the general ward in thiruvallur government hospital with chief complaints of fever, vomiting and dehydration, cough with expectorant for a period of 3 d. The patient was diagnosed with dengue fever followed by thrombocytopenia and advised for proper rehydration therapy. The patient was initiated with prophylactic therapy and Oral Rehydration Solution. He was also treated by focusing points based on patient counselling to recover the current condition. The patient was counseled accordingly as regular sit-ups, with points focusing on disease condition and therapy prescribed. The current case was aimed to target on the counselling points for dengue, which made a better improvement in the patient with severe dengue fever with thrombocytopenia and this could be a measure as community awareness outlook to spread alertness which can avoid the outbreak of Dengue. 

scholarly journals Platelet count and AST can reliably predict the onset of plasma leakage in dengue, a low-cost triage tool during epidemics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjuna Medagama ◽  
Chamara Dalugama ◽  
Darshani Lakmali ◽  
Gukes Meiyalakan
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Plasma Leakage

Abstract Background: Dengue is one of the most important mosquito-borne viral infections to affect humans. It is most often a self-limiting febrile illness but in some instances can progress to plasma leakage and in extreme cases culminate in death. The objective of this study was to identify reliable, low-cost, easily-accessible and objective predictors of Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) that can be used as a triage tool in epidemic situations. Methods A cohort of dengue fever patients were selected and data on symptoms, clinical signs, routine lab tests, ultrasonography and packed cell volume measurements collected. The demographics and clinical characteristics of severe and non-severe dengue cases were described Bivariate and regression analysis were used to identify variables significantly correlated with plasma leak. Results Serologically confirmed 350 serial adult dengue patients were included in the study. 257 (73.4%) were classified as dengue fever (DF, non leakers) and 93 (26.5%) as DHF with plasma leakage. Bivariate and regression analysis showed platelet count (Pearson r 0.59), and AST (r 0.27) to be significantly correlated with plasma leakage and platelet count to have a moderate predictive association ( R 2 0.35) with plasma leakage. Platelet count <50,000/mm 3 (OR 23.7; 95% CI 12.2-45.9), AST> twice, upper limit of normal (OR 7.5; 95% CI 3.9-14.3) and ALT> twice, upper limit of normal (OR 2.4; 95%CI 1.4-3.6) increased the likelihood of DHF.In the final analysis, logistic regression identified platelet count <50,000/mm 3 (OR 17.2; 95% CI 8.6-34.1) and AST>2ULN (OR 5.1, 95% CI 2.1-12.1) at time of plasma leakage as significant independent predictors of DHF.ROC curve performed for Platelet count had an AUC of .89 and at a platelet count of 50,000/mm 3 predicted DHF with a sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 79%. AUC for AST was 0.72 and at 93Iu/L predicted DHF with a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 60%. Conclusion: We have identified 2 laboratory parameters that could be used to identify plasma leakage and might be useful to stratify dengue-infected patients at risk for developing dengue hemorrhagic fever

scholarly journals A Curious Case of Dengue Fever: A Case Report of Unorthodox Manifestations

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Raja Shakeel Mushtaque ◽  
Syed Masroor Ahmad ◽  
Rabia Mushtaque ◽  
Shahbano Baloch
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
High Grade Fever ◽  
The Right ◽  
Per Oral

Dengue is the major cause of arthropod-borne viral disease in the world. It presents with high fever, headache, rash, myalgia, and arthralgia and it is a self-limiting illness. Severe dengue can occur in some cases resulting in dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). We present a case of a 32-year-old male patient of high-grade fever, bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhages, swelling on hands and lips, and nasal bleeding. After investigations, he was diagnosed with dengue fever and it was observed that he developed systemic fungal infection secondary to Candida tropicalis infection. The patient’s bone marrow biopsy showed hemophagocytic activity. He also developed hepatitis E infection while hepatitis A, B, or C serology profile showed no active infection. The bilateral iliopsoas hematoma was also observed on CT scan manifested by decreased power in bilateral lower limbs and pain in the right leg. The patient was treated in the hospital with antibiotics (ceftriaxone 2 g once daily for 14 days) and antifungal (fluconazole 200 mg per oral initially for one day then 100 mg daily for 13 days) medicines, and his condition improved on discharge. There is evidence of variable presentations of dengue fever after the disease burden is increased, and thus, diagnosing with such manifestations can be very challenging.

scholarly journals Clinical manifestations and hematological and serological findings in children with dengue infection

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulya Rahma Karyanti
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Serological Data

Background Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is endemic to Indonesia and remains a public health problem, with its highest incidence in children. There have been few reports on the clinical, hematological and serological data in children \\lith dengue.Objective To assess the clinical and laboratory profiles of children \\lith dengue infection in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.Methods Clinical, hematological and serological infonnation from children diagnosed v.ith dengue infection in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital were collected from 2007 to 2009.Results Of611 children admitted with dengue, 143 (23.4%) had dengue fever (DF), 252 (41.2%) had DHF grades I and II; and 216 (35.4%) had DHF grades III and IV. Of the 81 cases where dengue serotypes were identified, 12.3% were DENV1, 35.8% were DENV-2, 48.2% were DENV-3 and 3.7% were DENV-4. Mean age of subjects was 8.9 years (SD 4.4), and 48.4% of cases were boys. The mean length of fever before hospital admission was 4.2 days (SD 1.1) and mean length of stay in the hospital was 4 days (SD 2.7). Common symptoms observed were petechiae, hepatomegaly and epistaxis. Complications found mostly in those with dengue shock syndrome (DSS) were hematemesis (30 cases, 4.9% of all patients), encephalopathy (19 cases, 3.1 %) and melena (17 cases, 2.8%).Conclusion Signs and symptoms of fever, bleeding manifestations and thrombocytopenia were present in children 'With DF and DHF, while signs of increased vascular permeability were found only in those 'With DHF. Encephalopathy and gastrointestinal bleeding were found mostly in DSS cases. At admission, leukopenia was found in more DF patients than in DHF patients. Absence of leukopenia may be a sign of more severe dengue infection. 

scholarly journals An evaluation of the World Health Organization’s 1997 and 2009 dengue classifications in hospitalized dengue patients in Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (07) ◽  
pp. 869-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuraihan Zakaria ◽  
Nur A Zainordin ◽  
Benedict LH Sim ◽  
Masliza Zaid ◽  
Umi S Haridan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
The World ◽  
Dengue With Warning Signs

Introduction: The latest revised version of the World Health Organization’s dengue classification was released in 2009. A handful of studies have taken initiatives to evaluate the old and revised guidelines to determine early signs and symptoms of severe dengue. This retrospective study aimed to compare the classification of dengue using both the 1997 and 2009 guidelines in a selected cohort of dengue patients from Peninsular Malaysia between 2008 and 2012. Methodology: Adult dengue patients were recruited from tertiary hospitals in two different states, Selangor and Kelantan, in Peninsular Malaysia. Their clinical manifestations were assessed. Results: A total of 281 confirmed dengue patients were enrolled; the mean duration of illness at admission was five days. Of these, 88.6%, 10.7%, and 0.7% were classified according to the 1997 guidelines as having dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), respectively. When the WHO 2009 guidelines were applied, 17.1%, 78.3%, and 4.6% were classified as dengue without warning signs, dengue with warning signs, and severe dengue, respectively. Conclusions: Our data suggests that the revised WHO 2009 guidelines stratify a much larger proportion of patients into a category that requires a higher level of medical and nursing care.

scholarly journals Clinical, laboratory and radiological profile of dengue among pediatric patients admitted in tertiary care hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2237
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Jairaj ◽  
Sridhar D. ◽  
Mettu Pradeep Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Care Hospital

Background: Dengue is found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, predominantly in urban and semi-urban areas. Dengue mortality can be reduced by implementing early case detection and referral systems for patients; managing severe cases with appropriate treatment; reorienting health services to cope with dengue outbreaks; and training health personnel at all levels of the health system. Many studies that focus on the difference between the frequency of clinical findings in DHF and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) with respect to classical DF has been published. The objectives of the study were to assess signs and symptoms of dengue among patients with severe dengue and patients with dengue fever and to evaluate laboratory and radiological profile among dengue patients.Methods: This Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted on 70 seropositive cases, admitted in the Paediatrics Department of Gandhi hospital during the period of July to December 2017 for 6months. Data was analyzed by using SPPS Version 17 and student t test was used for inferential statistics.Results: Out of 70 cases 38 were presented with severe dengue and 32 presented with dengue fever. Average age of presentation is 7.24 years among severe dengue group, 5.52 years among dengue fever group. In group of severe dengue, 60.5% of the cases were female, which was insignificantly more as compared to 40.6% of the cases from group of dengue fever.Conclusions: All levels of health personnel must be aware of clinical signs and symptoms of all dengue types. Careful monitoring of unusual presentations early recognition severe manifestation and timely intervention can reduce disease specific mortality rate.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE KNOWLEDGE AND THE CURRENT PRACTISE AMONG THE EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS AND OTHER PHYSICIANS REGARDING THE ADMISSION CRITERIA OF DENGUE FEVER IN KOLKATA.

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
Rukuzo Nyeka ◽  
Indraneel Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Admission Criteria ◽  
Emergency Physicians ◽  
Medicine Department ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Surgery Department

Introduction: Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by a avivirus. There are four distinct serotypes of dengue virus, namely DEN-1, 2, 3 and 4. Female Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are the primary and secondary vectors in Malaysia, respectively. Evidently, dengue is the most rapidly spreading arboviral disease in the world. Aim: To know about the knowledge and current practice of the emergency physicians and other physicians regarding admission criteria of dengue fever in Kolkata. To preserve the resource and to prevent unnecessary utilization of hospital facilities during dengue epidemics by following up the proper criteria of admission for acute febrile patient suspecting of dengue fever/ dengue hemorrhagic fever/ dengue shock syndrome from the emergency department. Materials and methods: This is a questionnaire-based study and the study was conducted in peerless hospital and b.k roy research centre. The duration of the study was one year (from 1/01/2019- 31/12/2020). Apre validated questionnaire was distributed among the emergency physicians and other general physicians who deal with management of dengue patients and the responses so obtained were analysed. Total 125 participants were present in this study. Result: We found that 5(4.0%) doctors work in Cardiology department, 40(32.0%) doctors work in Emergency medicine department, 6(4.8%) doctors work in Gynecology department, 46(36.8%) doctors work in Medicine department, 8(6.4%) doctors work in Nephrology department, 8(6.4%) doctors work in Neurology department, 8(6.4%) doctors work in Orthopedic department and 4(3.2%) doctors work in Surgery department. Conclusion: However, a knowledge gap has been reported regarding important issues in clinical presentation, treatment, prevention, and control. Practices regarding frequent clinical monitoring were consistent with local and international guide-lines

scholarly journals A study on the outbreak of dengue fever in a tertiary care children’s hospital in southern Tamil Nadu, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1194
Author(s):  
Belgin Premkumar ◽  
Baburaj S. ◽  
Margaret Hepzibah N. ◽  
Misha K. P. ◽  
Binu Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Public Health Challenge

Background: Dengue fever is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease in the world.Incidence has increased 230-fold with increasing geographic expansion with potential for further spread. The rapidly expanding global footprint of dengue is a public health challenge with an economic burden. This study’s objective is to assess the outbreak of epidemic of dengue fever in a tertiary care children hospital and to describe their socio-demographic, clinical outcome and serological profile.Methods: It is an observational descriptive study conducted for a period of 1 year in less than 12 years old children in a tertiary care hospital at Southern Tamil Nadu.Results: Among the 360 children admitted with dengue fever, there were 198 boys (55%) and 162 (45%) were girls. Maximum incidence of dengue incidence was seen in infants less than 1 year (25%). The highest number of cases were admitted during September and October. The most common affected age group was less than 3 years with 179 (49%). Among the cases, 297 (82%) were of severe dengue which constitute dengue haemorrhagic fever-183(38%) and Dengue shock syndrome 114 (62%). Serological analysis showed NS1 Ag was positive in 144 children (40%), Dengue IgM was positive in 54 children (15%), both IgM and IgG positive in 126 children (35%) and IgG was positive in 36 children (10%). Out of the total children admitted with dengue fever, the case fatality was 0.5% (2 children).Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of WHO clinical criteria for early diagnosis of severe dengue. Moreover, the early and intensive management reduces the mortality significantly.

scholarly journals Study of haematological, biochemical profile and clinical presentation in dengue positive patients: 82 cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2099
Author(s):  
Mubin I. Patel ◽  
Abhishek Patel ◽  
Avani Patel ◽  
Sharmistha Patel ◽  
Suresh Padsala
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Aedes Mosquitoes ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Background: Dengue Fever (DF) is a self-limiting disease caused by arbovirus and transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus). It is one of the 17 neglected tropical diseases by WHO. Diagnosis of dengue depends mainly on the detection of IgM and IgG antibody, and NS1 antigen.Methods: The study was carried out in Department of Pathology, affiliated with a government hospital. It includes 82 dengue patients, admitted from August 2015 to August 2016. Haematological, biochemical profile, clinical signs and symptoms were recorded. The Tourniquet test was performed in all the patients on admission. Grading of dengue: DF/DHFI/DHFII/DHFIII/DHFIV. Grade III and IV were collectively called as Dengue Shock Syndrome.Results: Total 82 Dengue positive cases were studied, 52 (63%) were males and 30 (37%) were females. 24 (29%) patients were recorded in September 22 (27%) in October 19 (23%) in August. 12 (14.60%) had positive tourniquet test. Thrombocytopenia was present in 86.5 % patients. Majority cases were of classical dengue fever 51 (62.20%), 14 (17.07%) were of DHF I, 12 (14.63%) were of DHF II, 3 (3.66%) were of DHF III and 2 (2.44%) were of DHF IV.Conclusions: It is very important to correlate clinical examination with haematological and biochemical profile in dengue patients. Hematocrit value, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, raised liver enzymes is very important to monitor dengue cases in their initial stages and thus facilitate early treatment. This would minimize morbidity and mortality arising out of serious complications of dengue fever.

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