scholarly journals MICROSCOPIC, PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF CRATEVA MAGNA (LOUR) DC. (LEAF)

2017 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Abirami J. ◽  
Jothi G. ◽  
Brindha P.
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Lower Epidermis ◽  
Foreign Matter ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Physicochemical Constants

Objective: Preliminary screening of phytochemicals is a valuable step, in the detection of the bioactive principles present in medicinal plants and subsequently may lead to drug discovery and development. In the present study, the identity, purity and strength of Crateva magna (Lour) DC. (Leaf), HPTLC, LC MS and phytochemical screening were analysed.Methods: Tests for Identity, Purity, and Strength of Crateva magna (Lour) DC. (Leaf) Botanical standards, Physicochemical constants such as Foreign matter, Total ash, moisture content, Acid insoluble ash, and water soluble ash and Extractive value such as Hexane, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate, Alcohol were determined. The Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of various extracts was also determined. HPTLC, LCMS ANALYSIS was analysed.Results: Microscopic studies T S of Crateva magna leaf shows the presence of prominent midrib, upper and lower epidermis and lamina. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of dry powder and aqueous extracts of Crateva magna (Lour) DC. (Leaf) showed the presence of flavones, steroids, glycosides, sugar, alkaloids, quinones, phenols, coumarin and lignin. HPTLC of an Aqueous extract of the Crateva magna (Lour) DC. (Leaf). LC MS spectrum indicates may be the presence of bioactive compounds.Conclusion: The results revealed that aqueous extract of Crateva magna (Lour) DC. (Leaf) has suitable for anti ulcer study.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostical, Physico-Chemical and Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of Whole Plant of Piper Longum L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 440-449
Author(s):  
Fathima Suman P ◽  
Minhaj . ◽  
I Arthi
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Plant Identification ◽  
Piper Longum ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation ◽  
Physicochemical Constants

This study deals with the Pharmacognostical physicochemical and phytochemical evaluation of the whole plant of Piper longum L. Pharmacognostical studies include macroscopic, microscopic and physicochemical evaluation. Physicochemical constants showed the values of total ash (10.8%), acid insoluble ash (1.3%), water soluble ash (3.2%), sulphated ash (12%), nitrated ash (1.85%), hot extraction (11.2%), water soluble extractive (4.8%), ethanol soluble extractive (12.4%), ether soluble extractive (5.6%), loss on drying (29%), swelling index (0.33) and mucilage content (0.8%) w/w. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the alcoholic extract showed presents of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, mucilage, starch, steroid and flavonoids. This study helps to development of different standard parameters of the plant which help the plant identification and authentication. Keywords: Piper longum L., Whole plant, Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical, Extract.

scholarly journals PHARMACOGNOSTIC STANDARDIZATION, PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND TLC FINGERPRINTING OF THE BARK OF CASCABELA THEVETIA L.

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Neelutpal Gogoi ◽  
Biman Bhuyan ◽  
Trinayan Deka
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Cork Cell ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Objectives: In this study, systematic pharmacognostic study and preliminary phytochemical screening of the bark of Cascabela thevetia L. were carried out. Methods: The selected plant part was collected, processed and stored in an airtight container. From the bark different pharmacognostic studies like macroscopic and microscopic evaluation, physicochemical parameters, fluorescence analysis were done. Powdered bark was successively extracted by petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol using a Soxhlet apparatus and finally macerated with the hydro-alcoholic solvent system (30:70). The preliminary phytochemical analysis and thin layer chromatography of the extracts were done to find the nature and number of the different phytoconstituents present. Results: Transverse microscopy reveals the presence of crystal oxalate, cork cell, starch granules, vascular bundle, phloem fiber, parenchyma cells, and collenchyma cells. Powder microscopy also showed the presence of cork cell, fiber and calcium oxalate crystal. Results obtained in different physicochemical analysis like total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, alcohol-soluble extractive, water-soluble extractive, and moisture content were 8.67%, 0.83%, 5.33%, 4.53%, 12.27%, and 7.83% respectively. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, phytosterol, tannin, saponin, anthraquinone, carbohydrate and fatty acid in the different extracts. TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) study revealed 4 spots in petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts and 3 spots in the Hydro-alcoholic extract with different solvent systems. Conclusion: The results obtained from the study will provide a reliable basis for identification, purity, and quality of the plant.

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT, PRELIMINARY SCREENING AND GC- FID PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF AQUEOUS AND PETROLEUM ETHER EXTRACTS OF PHYLLANTHUS AMARUS LEAVES.

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.P Berezi ◽  
E. Mirinn ◽  
P.K. Berezi ◽  
A. E. Soroh
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Traditional Remedies ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

The Gas Chromatography– Flame lonization Detector (GC-FID) method was employed in this study to evaluate the phytochemical constituents of both the aqueous and petroleum ether extracts of phyllanthus amarus leaves. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids Glycosides, Phenols, Saponins, and Tannins. Further analysis revealed a total concentration of Phenol as 82.95mg/100g (4.46%) in the aqueous extract, Tannins 722.77mg/100g(38.82%),Alkaloids was 466.82mg/100(25.07%) while in the petroleum ether extract, Flavonoids was 472.59mg/100g (29.50%), Saponins 12.60mg/100g (0.79%) and Glycosides 18.63mg/100g (1.16%). These results are suggestive that P.amarus is endowed with phytochemicals that contains therapeutic potencies which support its use as traditional remedies for the treatment of variety of ailments.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON THE STANDARDIZATION PARAMETERS OF BAUHINIA VARIEGATA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragati Khare ◽  
Kamal Kishore ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Lower Epidermis ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Fluorescence Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Bauhinia Variegata

Objective: In today’s scenario, the herbal medicines are much efficient for the treatment of various disorders as they have minimal side effects incomparison to the allopathic medicines. Bauhinia variegata L. (Mountain Ebony), commonly called Kachnar, belongs to the family Leguminosae.It is a medium-sized tree, mostly found at an altitude of 1300 m in the Himalayas. The objectives of the present study are to investigate variouspharmacognostic, phytochemical analysis, and pharmacological properties of B. variegata.Methods: The powdered drug was used for estimating the loss on drying, ash values, fluorescence studies, chemical tests, and extractive values.Macroscopic and microscopic studies were also performed.Results: The leaf microscopy revealed the presence of upper and lower epidermis, palisade tissue, well-developed vascular bundle. The fluorescencecharacteristics of leaf powder were studied both in visible light and ultraviolet light (254 nm and 365 nm) after treatment with various reagents.Kachnar is composed of carbohydrates, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, amino acid. It was reported that the total ash value was 8.15%. The acidinsoluble ash value was 5.5%.Conclusion: The main pharmacological activities of B. variegata are anthelmintic, antiulcer, antitumor, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antigoitrogenic, and hepatoprotective. The present investigation provides the information on its pharmacognostic, phytochemical analysis, andpharmacological properties.Keywords: Flavonoids, Kachnar, Alkaloids, Antioxidant, Leguminosae.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, TANNINS CONTENT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY FROM LEAF AND CALLUS EXTRACTS OF MEMECYLON UMBELLATUM.

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Janarthanam Balasundaram ◽  
Dhamotharan R ◽  
Anbkkarasi M
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Diffusion Technique

Objective: This study aims to determine the phytochemical screening, tannins content, and antibacterial activity from leaf and callus extracts of Memecylon umbellatum.Methods: Preliminary screening involved the qualitative methods to detect the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, steroids, quinones, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and alkaloids. Total tannins contents were quantitatively estimated with tannic acid as standard. Different concentrations of ethanolic leaf and callus extracts were tested using the agar disc diffusion technique for the antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli.Results: The phytochemical analysis of leaf and callus extract of M. umbellatum revealed the presence of significant secondary metabolites such as tannins, saponins, quinones, cardiac glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids. The total tannins content in callus and leaf extract were found to be 11.37 mg tannic acid equivalents (TAE)/g and 7.1 mg TAE/g, respectively. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic leaf and callus extracts of M. umbellatum shown more active against B. subtilis. Both the callus and leaf extract of M. umbellatum was found to be inactiveagainst E. coli.Conclusion: It was concluded that the powerful antibacterial effect is attributed to the greater amount of tannin compounds in the ethanolic callus extracts of M. umbellatum.Keywords: Memecylon umbellatum, Callus extract, Tannins, Phytochemical analysis, Disc diffusion, Antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Evaluation on the Whole Plant of Pavonia odorata Willd.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 359-364
Author(s):  
Neethu Krishnan .S. ◽  
Meera Bhaskaran ◽  
Mohammed Shihab K K
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Family ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation ◽  
Plant Drugs ◽  
Physicochemical Constants

Pavonia odorata Willd. belonging to the family Malvaceae is well known for curing a variety of diseases. This study deals with the Pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation of whole plant of Pavonia odorata Willd. The plant is widely used as a cooling, diaphoretic, diuretic, and demulcent. It is also prescribed as an astringent and tonic for fever, inflammation and hemorrhage. Pharmacognostical studies include macroscopic, microscopic and physicochemical evaluation of the whole plant. The transverse section of root, stem and leaves were performed. Physicochemical constants showed the values of total ash (4.45%), acid insoluble ash (0.754%), water soluble ash (6%), sulphated ash (6. 5%), nitrated ash (1.65%), hot extraction(10.22%), water soluble extractive (9.2%), ethanol soluble extractive (4.8%), ether soluble extractive (1.2%), loss on drying (25%), swelling index(1) and mucilage content(0.25%) w/w. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the alcoholic extract showed presents of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, steroids, mucilage and flavonoids. The study helps in the development of standard parameters of the plant which help the identification and authentication of the plant. Keywords: Pavonia odorata Willd., Pharmacognostical, phytochemical evaluation, Medicinal plant drugs, ethnomedicine.

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis and cytotoxicity evaluation of flowering buds of Bauhinia variegata L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Anham Shahid Abbasi ◽  
Qazi Najam-Us-Saqib ◽  
Atta-Ur-Rehman ◽  
Nisar-Ur-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Bauhinia Variegata ◽  
Cytotoxic Studies

Summary Introduction: Bauhinia variegata is used in traditional medicine in Pakistan. Objective: The present study was designated to analyze phytochemical screening and cytotoxicity assay of crude aqueous and methanol extracts of flowering buds of Bauhinia variegata. Methods: Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of both extracts were performed by using standard protocols while brine shrimp lethality assay was conducted for cytotoxicity analysis of both extracts. Results: The highest levels of phenolics, flavonoids and terpenoids were observed in methanol extract with respective standard drugs. The aminoacid content was highest followed by phenol and flavonoids in crude aqueous extract of the raw materials. In cytotoxic studies (brine shrimp lethality assay) the use of methanol extract was reported as potent with LD50 of 241.778 µg/ml as compared to aqueous extract with LD50 of 489.7061 µg/ml. Conclusion: This study reveals that the presence of bioactive compounds in both extracts are responsible for the treatment of various ailments and being utilized by the traditional folks as a food as well. And showed that methanol extract possess cytotoxic activity and thus needs further scientific intervention for its value addition.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostic and Preliminary Phytochemical Evaluation of Leaf of Syzygium Cumini (L.) Skeels

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 684-688
Author(s):  
Shyam Baboo Prasad ◽  
Arun M Gurav ◽  
Goli P Prasad ◽  
Anupam K Mangal ◽  
Srikanth N
Keyword(s):  
Single Layer ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Lower Epidermis ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Physicochemical Studies ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation

Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Family: Myricaceae) commonly known as Jamun is a widely used medicinal plant in Ayurveda. In spite of its numerous medicinal attributes, no published work is available on pharmacognostic characterization, physicochemical analysis of its leaves. The measures taken for pharmacognostic characterization were macroscopy, microscopy, powder microscopy, physicochemical evaluation, fluorescence analysis, and preliminary phytochemical screening. The microscopic evaluation showed useful characters for the recognition of leaf of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels . Transverse section, showed presence of single layer of wavy epidermal cells with striated cuticle single layer Palisade beneath upper epidermis in lamina region (contains compact elongated cells), Spheraphide in lamina region, collenchyma below the upper epidermis and above the lower epidermis in midrib region, Xylem and phloem in center, Sclerenchyma in between vascular bundle and collenchyma in midrib region. Wavy epidermal cell in the upper epidermis, anisocytic stomata in the lower epidermis, Bordered pitted reticulate vessels, Calcium oxalate crystal sheath in the lamina, fragment of fibers and Spiral vessels were observed in powder microscopy. Physicochemical studies showed total ash (3.1%), acid insoluble ash (0.7%), alcohol soluble extractive values (10.96 %), and water-soluble extractive values (12.32 %). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of sugar, lipid, Glycoside, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, tri-terpenoids and steroids. The study forms the first report on pharmacognostic characters and a physicochemical parameter which could be useful for identification and authentication of the plant.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Phytochemical Studies on Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. with HPTLC Fingerprinting

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Mohit Garg ◽  
Neelesh Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Natural Agents ◽  
Sphaeranthus Indicus ◽  
Health And Healing ◽  
Therapeutic Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

Ayurveda, the oldest paradigm of health and healing known to the world, grew out of the Rishi tradition. The medical and research community is constantly seeking for new natural agents. Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. (Gorakhmundi, Family: Asteraceae), is widely used in Ayurvedic system of medicine to treat various diseases. The present investigation was designed to perform physicochemical and phytochemical analysis with HPTLC fingerprints of Sphaeranthus indicus (leave, flower, and stem) to establish the standard parameters of this herb. Different analytical parameters like extractive values, total ash, acid insoluble ash and water-soluble ash, moisture content, pH values of different parts of the drug were performed. Preliminary phytochemical screening was done to detect and quantify different active constituents such as alkaloids, flavanoids, proteins and total poly phenol using various analytical methods. Our preliminary data of phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of steroids, carbohydrates, proteins, terpenoid, flavonoid, tannins, alkaloids, resin and saponin. In the current study we established the HPTLC fingerprint of the extract using phytochemical standards. We believe that our study provides a substantial data for identification, purification, standardization, and phytochemical characterization of novel therapeutic compounds that can be used potential drug to combat various diseases for betterment of mankind. Keywords: Sphaeranthus indicus, Ayurveda, physicochemical, UV- Spectrophotometer, HPTLC

scholarly journals MICROSCOPIC, PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GARDENIA JASMINOIDES (ELLIS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keerthana Kesavan ◽  
Jothi Gnanasekaran ◽  
Sridharan Gurunagarajan ◽  
Agnel Arul John Nayagam
Keyword(s):  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Gardenia Jasminoides ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Physicochemical Studies ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Gardenia Jasminoides Ellis

Objective: To evaluate the microscopical, physicochemical and phytochemical analysis of Gardenia jasminoides (Ellis).Methods: The leaves of Gardenia jasminoides (Ellis) was studied through macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical standards such as moisture content, ash values, extractive values and phytochemical analysis includes preliminary screening and quantification of important secondary metabolites were carried out as per the standard procedures are given in Indian Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia.Results: Microscopic studies of leaf showed the presence of epidermis, 4-5 layers of collenchymas cells, xylem, phloem and vascular bundles. The determination of physicochemical studies of leaves showed that it contains Total ash (6.98%), Water and Acid insoluble ash values and extractive values of 0.31% in Hexane, 0.87% in chloroform and 0.42% in Ethyl acetate. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Alkaloid, Flavonoid, Saponin, Tannin and phenol.Conclusion: The results obtained from the study provide information for proper identification and standardization of plant for its medicinal property, ensuring the quality of plant drug and also useful to distinguish it from its related species.

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