scholarly journals Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Evaluation on the Whole Plant of Pavonia odorata Willd.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 359-364
Author(s):  
Neethu Krishnan .S. ◽  
Meera Bhaskaran ◽  
Mohammed Shihab K K
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Family ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation ◽  
Plant Drugs ◽  
Physicochemical Constants

Pavonia odorata Willd. belonging to the family Malvaceae is well known for curing a variety of diseases. This study deals with the Pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation of whole plant of Pavonia odorata Willd. The plant is widely used as a cooling, diaphoretic, diuretic, and demulcent. It is also prescribed as an astringent and tonic for fever, inflammation and hemorrhage. Pharmacognostical studies include macroscopic, microscopic and physicochemical evaluation of the whole plant. The transverse section of root, stem and leaves were performed. Physicochemical constants showed the values of total ash (4.45%), acid insoluble ash (0.754%), water soluble ash (6%), sulphated ash (6. 5%), nitrated ash (1.65%), hot extraction(10.22%), water soluble extractive (9.2%), ethanol soluble extractive (4.8%), ether soluble extractive (1.2%), loss on drying (25%), swelling index(1) and mucilage content(0.25%) w/w. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the alcoholic extract showed presents of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, steroids, mucilage and flavonoids. The study helps in the development of standard parameters of the plant which help the identification and authentication of the plant. Keywords: Pavonia odorata Willd., Pharmacognostical, phytochemical evaluation, Medicinal plant drugs, ethnomedicine.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostical, Physico-Chemical and Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of Whole Plant of Piper Longum L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 440-449
Author(s):  
Fathima Suman P ◽  
Minhaj . ◽  
I Arthi
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Plant Identification ◽  
Piper Longum ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation ◽  
Physicochemical Constants

This study deals with the Pharmacognostical physicochemical and phytochemical evaluation of the whole plant of Piper longum L. Pharmacognostical studies include macroscopic, microscopic and physicochemical evaluation. Physicochemical constants showed the values of total ash (10.8%), acid insoluble ash (1.3%), water soluble ash (3.2%), sulphated ash (12%), nitrated ash (1.85%), hot extraction (11.2%), water soluble extractive (4.8%), ethanol soluble extractive (12.4%), ether soluble extractive (5.6%), loss on drying (29%), swelling index (0.33) and mucilage content (0.8%) w/w. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the alcoholic extract showed presents of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, mucilage, starch, steroid and flavonoids. This study helps to development of different standard parameters of the plant which help the plant identification and authentication. Keywords: Piper longum L., Whole plant, Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical, Extract.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostical Studies and Evaluation of Quality Parameters of Spinacia oleracea

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariyan R. Patel ◽  
Harsha V. Patel ◽  
Sangita Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is an edible flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae native to central and western Asia. Its leaves are eaten as a vegetable. Spinach has a high nutritional value because it is a rich source of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin K, magnesium, manganese, iron , riboflavin vitamin B6, vitamin E, calcium, potassium, and dietary fiber. Pharmacognostic standardization, physicochemical evaluation of the Leaves of Spinacia oleracea was carried out to determine its macro-and microscopical characters and also total ash, insoluble ash, alcohol- and water-soluble extractive values were determined for phytochemical evaluations. Preliminary phytochemical screening was also done to detect different phytoconstituents. The Proximate analysis of powder was also carried out in which extractive value, ash value, foreign matter, loss on drying were determined and also successive solvent extraction was carried out using soxhlet extractor in which ethanol was used. Aqueous extract was also carried out by maceration method. Preliminary phytochemical screening of various successive extracts of leaves was done qualitatively which revealed the presence of phytosterol, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannins and amino acids.

scholarly journals PHARMACOGNOSTIC STANDARDIZATION, PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND TLC FINGERPRINTING OF THE BARK OF CASCABELA THEVETIA L.

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Neelutpal Gogoi ◽  
Biman Bhuyan ◽  
Trinayan Deka
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Cork Cell ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Objectives: In this study, systematic pharmacognostic study and preliminary phytochemical screening of the bark of Cascabela thevetia L. were carried out. Methods: The selected plant part was collected, processed and stored in an airtight container. From the bark different pharmacognostic studies like macroscopic and microscopic evaluation, physicochemical parameters, fluorescence analysis were done. Powdered bark was successively extracted by petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol using a Soxhlet apparatus and finally macerated with the hydro-alcoholic solvent system (30:70). The preliminary phytochemical analysis and thin layer chromatography of the extracts were done to find the nature and number of the different phytoconstituents present. Results: Transverse microscopy reveals the presence of crystal oxalate, cork cell, starch granules, vascular bundle, phloem fiber, parenchyma cells, and collenchyma cells. Powder microscopy also showed the presence of cork cell, fiber and calcium oxalate crystal. Results obtained in different physicochemical analysis like total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, alcohol-soluble extractive, water-soluble extractive, and moisture content were 8.67%, 0.83%, 5.33%, 4.53%, 12.27%, and 7.83% respectively. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, phytosterol, tannin, saponin, anthraquinone, carbohydrate and fatty acid in the different extracts. TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) study revealed 4 spots in petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts and 3 spots in the Hydro-alcoholic extract with different solvent systems. Conclusion: The results obtained from the study will provide a reliable basis for identification, purity, and quality of the plant.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostical, Physicochemical and Preliminary Phytochemical Standardization of Aerial Parts of Onosma bracteatum Wall

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patel V. G. ◽  
Patel K. G. ◽  
Patel K. V. ◽  
Gandhi T. R.
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Inorganic Acids ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Objective: The present study was undertaken to develop the standardization parameters of powdered aerial parts of Onosma bracteatum Wall, family Boraginaceae. Methods: Different parameters such as pharmacognostical, physicochemical, preliminary phytochemical evaluation along with thin layer chromatography for identification of phytoconstituents were studied. Results: On microscopical examination of the aerial parts it showed the presence of oval to polygonal thin walled straight epidermal cells; spiral vessels, a few fibres elongated with blunt tips, long warty, tubercle based unicellular hairs and paracytic stomata. On physicochemical evaluation it was found to contain more amount of polar constituents as the ethanol extractive value was found to be more. Total ash value and acid insoluble ash indicated the presence of inorganic acids and silicaceous matter respectively. Foaming index and swelling index were indicative of saponins and mucilaginous matter present in the aerial parts. On preliminary phytochemical screening and thin layer chromatographic studies it revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and mucilage. Conclusion: The present work carried out can serve as a purpose for identification, authentication and standardization of the crude drug.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS ANDROMEDA POLYFOLIA AND ALCHEMILLA SUBCRENATA

2018 ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
Максим (Maksim) Аркадьевич (Arkad'yevich) Живетьев (Zhivetyev) ◽  
Виктор (Viktor) Александрович (Aleksandrovich) Быбин (Bybin) ◽  
Елена (Elena) Викторовна (Viktorovna) Кочерыгина (Kocherygina) ◽  
Наталья (Natal'ya) Викторовна (Viktorovna) Семенова (Semenova) ◽  
Татьяна (Tat'yana) Егоровна (Egorovna) Путилина (Putilina) ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
The Face ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Plants accumulate in their tissues powerful arsenal of protective substances necessary for survival in the face of abiotic environmental and in aggressive neighborhood with pathogenic bacteria and viruses. We examined the following kinds of medicinal plants: Alchemilla subcrenata and Polyfolia andromeda. Conducted chemical analyses of water and 40 and 70% alcohol extracts of these plants. The content of flavonoids was significantly greater in all ways of extraction of Alchemilla subcrenata compared to Andromeda polyfolia. To the extent the release of phenolic compounds and water-soluble sugars affected the presence of alcohol. From Andromeda polyfolia greater variety of phenolic compounds left in the water and 40% alcohol, and from Alchemilla subcrenata in 40% and 70% ethanol. Extracts compared on the effects on survival and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli XL1-Blue and Pectobacterium carotovorum. Found that extracts of plants studied have varying degrees of antimicrobial action. Alcohol extracts of Andromeda polyfolia suppressed the formation of biofilms of P. carotovorum and E. coli. All extracts of Alchemilla subcrenata stimulated bacterial growth and biofilm formation. The most effective proved to be 70% alcoholic extract of Alchemilla subcrenata.

scholarly journals MICROSCOPIC, PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF CRATEVA MAGNA (LOUR) DC. (LEAF)

2017 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Abirami J. ◽  
Jothi G. ◽  
Brindha P.
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Lower Epidermis ◽  
Foreign Matter ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Physicochemical Constants

Objective: Preliminary screening of phytochemicals is a valuable step, in the detection of the bioactive principles present in medicinal plants and subsequently may lead to drug discovery and development. In the present study, the identity, purity and strength of Crateva magna (Lour) DC. (Leaf), HPTLC, LC MS and phytochemical screening were analysed.Methods: Tests for Identity, Purity, and Strength of Crateva magna (Lour) DC. (Leaf) Botanical standards, Physicochemical constants such as Foreign matter, Total ash, moisture content, Acid insoluble ash, and water soluble ash and Extractive value such as Hexane, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate, Alcohol were determined. The Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of various extracts was also determined. HPTLC, LCMS ANALYSIS was analysed.Results: Microscopic studies T S of Crateva magna leaf shows the presence of prominent midrib, upper and lower epidermis and lamina. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of dry powder and aqueous extracts of Crateva magna (Lour) DC. (Leaf) showed the presence of flavones, steroids, glycosides, sugar, alkaloids, quinones, phenols, coumarin and lignin. HPTLC of an Aqueous extract of the Crateva magna (Lour) DC. (Leaf). LC MS spectrum indicates may be the presence of bioactive compounds.Conclusion: The results revealed that aqueous extract of Crateva magna (Lour) DC. (Leaf) has suitable for anti ulcer study.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Analysis of Fadogia andersonii Robyn Plant Extrac

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213
Author(s):  
J. Nzeako ◽  
G.I. Ndukwe ◽  
J.D. Habila ◽  
E.A. Oluwabukola ◽  
I. Owoicho
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Family

Medicinal plants extracts are now generally considered as effective medicines that play a major role in modern pharmacy. The plant Fadogia andersonii belonging to the Family Rubiaceae, which is used in ethno-medicine was studied. Preliminary phytochemical analyses of the whole plant revealed the presence of the following metabolites: Saponins, terpenes, steroids, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides and carbohydrates. Anthraquinones was found to be absent. Antimicrobial screening of the methanol plant’s extract carried out (in vitro) on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albican and Aspergillus flavus showed that the extract has activity on the tested microorganisms. However, it showed no inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli. The extract was found to inhibit the growth of S. aureus, B. cereus, S. pyogenes and C. albican at 25mg/ml with a corresponding MBC at 50mg/ml. S.typhi and S. pneumonia were inhibited at 50mg/ml with a corresponding MBC at 100mg/ml. It also inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonia and A. flavus at 100mg/ml with a corresponding MBC at 200mg/ml. The observed antimicrobial effects were believed to be due to the presence of active principles which were detected in the phytochemical screening. Keywords: Phytochemicals, Antimicrobials, Fadogia andersonii Robyn

scholarly journals Some preliminary phytochemical screening and assessment of four solvents extracts of button weed (Borreria verticillata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2085-2088
Author(s):  
G.F. Kontagora ◽  
N. Lawal ◽  
D.A. Adebote ◽  
B. Kamba ◽  
M.I. Nafiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Woody Perennial ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Perennial Shrub ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Borreria vertcillata is a woody perennial shrub with false-button weedy herb belonging to the family (Rubiaceae), used for treating/curing various forms of diseases across the world since ancient times. Qualitative phytochemical screening of Borreria vertcillata pulverized whole plant was carried out using four different solvent extracts (N-hexane, chloroform, ethyl-acetate and methanol). The phytochemicals screeened contained alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, saponnins, anthraquinones and steroids. The extracts were then screened for the presence of some phytochemicals such as alkaloids, anthraquinones, saponnins, steroids, terpenes, flavonoids, tannins and glycosides. All the extracts contained alkaloids, triterpenes and glycosides present but flavonoids, saponnins and tannins only present in ethyl acetate and methanol while anthraquinones and steroids were totally absent from the extracts .Of all the extracts Ethyl acetate extracts had the most influential effects on pathogenic organisms such as Culex quinquefasciatus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candidas albican

scholarly journals Pharmacognostic Study of Bhustrina (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Seema Pradeep ◽  
Shivamanjunath MP
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
Physicochemical Constants

Background: The plant Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. commonly known as Lemon grass belongs to Poeceae family and is a native of tropical countries, especially in Southeast Asia. Various studies has been done on the plant to reveal its potential therapeutic effects. Methodology: The study deals with detailed study about Ayurvedic literature of Cymbopogon, macro morphology and microscopy of transverse section of the Cymbopogon leaves. Other parameters like physicochemical constants and phytochemical screening were studied using the standard protocol. Results: The study provides referential information for the correct identification and standardization of crude drug of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND NUTRIENT CONTENT ANALYSIS OF STEM AND ROOT OF TRIDAX PROCUMBENS LINN

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 470-477
Author(s):  
Thiyagarajan Bharathi ◽  
Rajangam Udayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Fresh Sample ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Tridax Procumbens ◽  
The Family

The medicinal plant Tridax procumbens belongs to the family of Asteraceae was selected for this study based on medicinal value. It was collected from the campus of Government Arts College (Autonomous), Kumbakonam - 612 002, Tamilnadu, India during the months between March and June 2017. The stem and root of Tridax procumbens were separated, cleaned and dried under shade. The dried plant materials were then ground well into powder. The 20g of powder of stem and root was soaked in 200ml of benzene and diethyl ether individually and they were kept at room temperature for 48 hours. After that, the mixture was filtered through a clean muslin cloth and the extracts were concentrated using evaporator at 37˚C till the sticky mass was obtained. The phytocompounds alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, triterpenoids, steroids, quinones, glycosides and coumarins were analysed in benzene and diethyl ether extracts of stem and root of Tridax procumbens by qualitatively. Phytochemical screening showed that the presence of all above mentioned phytocompounds in benzene and diethyl ether extracts of stem and root of Tridax procumbens except steroids, saponins and glycosides. The content of carbohydrates, protein and vitamin C in the fresh sample of stem and root were analysed by quantitatively.

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