scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE NUMEROUS MEDICINAL UTILITIES OF THE PLANT URGINEA INDICA: A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
JUNMONI NATH
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Current Review ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tartronic Acid ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Urginea Indica ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Medicinal Activity

Urginea indica, is an essential indigenous plant belonging to the family Liliaceae found in all parts of India on rocky and hilly areas. It is commonly known as Indian squill, True squill or Sea onion and popularly known as Bon Pollundu. A methodical literature survey from various scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of science and Google Scholar was conducted and it has been reported that the plant, mainly its bulb contains varieties of bioactive constituents such as flavonoids, phytosterols, phenols, saponins, alkaloids, proteins, carbohydrates, steroids and tannins. The bulb and the rhizome also contains calcium, iron, commercial compounds, such as Bufadienolides, Quercetin, Allose, Mindererus spirit, Tartronic acid and Paraldehyde, which have a variety of health functional properties. Various scientific studies have proven that the plant has anticancer, antidiabetic, anthelmintic, analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-angiogenic, anti-arthritic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, spasmodic and cardiac stimulant activities. It also finds its use as an analgesic and in wound healing. Thus, the current review gives a comprehensive overview of the various medicinal activity of the plant Urginea indica.

scholarly journals A Review of the Phytochemistry, Traditional Uses and Antibacterial Potential of Psidium guajava

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 2506-2514
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Reliable Knowledge ◽  
Important Drug ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Psidium guajava is a tropical evergreen tree. It belongs to the family Myrtaceae that consists of about 133 genera and approximately 3800 species worldwide. This plant is mainly found in South Africa, North Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia. Psidium guajava is mainly a nutritional plant, but it also shows various biological activities. An array of bioactive constituents, viz; glycosides, terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, amino acids, anthraquinones, proteins, flavonoids, and phenols, etc. have been isolated from Psidium guajava. These phytochemicals are well known for their biological activities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, etc. The present work has been performed to gather data about the traditional uses, important phytochemicals, and antibacterial efficiency of Psidium guajava. Many pharmacological studies have demonstrated its antibacterial potential against various important drug resistive pathogens. We invite researchers' attention to carry out detailed antibacterial studies on this valuable plant species to provide reliable knowledge to the patients and discover more novel compounds for the development of new drugs with fewer side effects compared to conventional medicines.

Elucidating the Phytochemical and Pharmacological Potential of Myristica fragrans (Nutmeg)

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ena Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Myristica Fragrans ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Cns Effects

Myristica fragrans or nutmeg is a ground spice of the family Myristicaceae. Its tree has dark leaves mainly cultivated in Grenada, Malaysia, and Kerala. It is majorly a source of two spices derived from its fruit: nutmeg (jaiphal) from its seed and mace (javitri) from the covering of seed. The important bioactive constituents present in nutmeg include macelignan, carvacrol, myristicin, β-caryophyllene, β-pinene, α-pinene, p-cymene, and eugenol. Low doses of nutmeg do not cause any side effects whereas after consuming 5g toxic overdose occurs, and central nervous system (CNS) effects were induced after consuming 1 to 2 mg/kg b.wt. of nutmeg. Various therapeutic or medicinal applications were shown by nutmeg such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, aphrodisiac, anticancer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and cardioprotective activity. This review chapter focuses on ethnobotany, phytochemistry, acceptable daily intake, and different pharmacological actions of this medicinal plant.

Therapeutic and Pharmaceutical Potential of Cinnamon

2022 ◽  
pp. 698-710
Author(s):  
Neha Mishra ◽  
Rashmi Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Common Species ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Rheumatic Arthritis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
The Himalaya

Cinnamon has been used as a spice, condiment, and aromatic plant since centuries ago. Cinnamon is a small evergreen tree belonging to the genus Cinnamomum in the family Lauraceae. There are more than 250 species of cinnamon worldwide. In India, Cinnamomum verum and Cinnamomum cassia are the most common species grown in the Himalaya region. They have been used as folk medicine for the treatment of nausea, flatulent dyspepsia, coughs, diarrhea, malaria, gastric disorder, and to alleviate pain and inflammation in rheumatic arthritis. Therapeutic properties of cinnamon are due to the presence of bioactive constituents such as p-coumaric, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, and eugenol. Cinnamaldehyde and eugenol are the major active constituents responsible for its characteristic flavor, aroma, and therapeutic properties. Pharmacological studies found that it could be a promising candidate with potential for designing new drugs. This review is aimed to summarize the ethanomedicinal importance, phytochemistry, and wide spectrum of pharmacological and therapeutic applications of cinnamon.

Strategies to Maintain the Relationship

2019 ◽  
pp. 187-201
Author(s):  
Lea Tufford
Keyword(s):  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Engagement Strategies ◽  
Information Strategies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Decision Making Factors ◽  
Client Advocacy ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
The Relationship

Following the decision to report or not report child maltreatment, many mandatory reporters are concerned with maintaining the relationship with the family, and this concern is examined more extensively in this chapter. This chapter describes typical client feelings and reactions to a report of suspected child abuse and neglect as well as the potential impacts on the relationship. A comprehensive overview of strategies to maintain the relationship is covered, including engagement strategies, reporting strategies, information strategies, affect regulation strategies (for mandatory reporter and client), advocacy strategies, resource strategies, and strategies that take culture and ethnicity into account. At the conclusion of this chapter is a conceptual model outlining the reporting decision-making factors and the strategies to maintain the relationship.

Wedge-tailed Eagle

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Chick Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rock Paintings ◽  
Large Predators

Australia’s Wedge-tailed Eagle belongs to the family of eagles, which together span the world. Eagles are powerful predators, with exceptional powers of flight and sight. They may kill to survive, but they also sleep, play, enjoy a bath, make tender parents, and form lasting relationships. This book gives a comprehensive overview of Australia’s largest true eagle and one of the country’s few large predators and scavengers. First appearing in Aboriginal rock-paintings more than 5000 years ago, the Wedge-tailed Eagle was little more than a curiosity to the early European settlers. The book traces the subsequent changes in perception—from its branding as a vicious sheep killer to an iconic species worthy of conservation—and covers distribution, habitat, hunting, relationships, reproduction and chick development. A final section deals with threats to the existence of this magnificent bird. Winner of the 2006 Whitley Award for Best Natural History of an Iconic Species.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF LEPIDIUM SATIVUM-A REVIEW

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALI ESMAIL AL-SNAFI
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Current Review

Lepidium sativum contained many bioactive constituents included cardiac glycoside, alkaloids, phenolic, flavonoids, cardiotonic glycosides, coumarins, glucosinolates, carbohydrates, proteins and amino-acids, mucilage, resins, saponins, sterols, tannins, volatile oils, triterpene, sinapic acid and uric acid. The pharmacological investigation revealed that Lepidium sativum possessed antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, reproductive, gastrointestinal, respiratory, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, cardiovascular, hypolipidemic, diuretic, central nervous, fracture healing and protective effects. The current review discussed the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Lepidium sativum.

scholarly journals A PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW ON CURCUMA PSEUDOMONTANA J.GRAHAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Vanita Kanase ◽  
Jyoti D Singh
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Eastern Ghats ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Current Review ◽  
The Family

Curcuma pseudomontana J. Graham belongs to the family Zingiberaceae, commonly known as hill turmeric. It is an endemic to the Western and Eastern Ghats, of peninsular India. C. pseudomontana rhizome is beneficial against leprosy, dysentery, and cardiac diseases. The Savara, Bagata, and Valmiki tribes of Andhra Pradesh use tuber extracts to cure jaundice and Bagata tribes use this plant for diabetes. In the present study, the preliminary phytochemical study and antioxidant activity of the rhizome extracts of C. pseudomontana were evaluated. Phytochemical screening indicated that rhizomes are rich in a variety of primary and secondary metabolites such as carbohydrates, alkaloids, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, and saponins. The study highlights the biochemical and ethnopharmacological significance of an endemic C. pseudomontana. The results of pharmacognostic analysis will be helpful in developing standards for quality, purity, and sample identification. The current review summarizes the pharmacognostic parameters such as macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical constituents, fluorescence analysis, nutritive value, behavior analysis of rhizome powder, and pharmacological activities prove it is a useful medicinal plant.

scholarly journals Potential Health Benefit of Garlic Based on Human Intervention Studies: A Brief Overview

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johura Ansary ◽  
Tamara Yuliett Forbes-Hernández ◽  
Emilio Gil ◽  
Danila Cianciosi ◽  
Jiaojiao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Common Diseases

Garlic is a polyphenolic and organosulfur enriched nutraceutical spice consumed since ancient times. Garlic and its secondary metabolites have shown excellent health-promoting and disease-preventing effects on many human common diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, blood pressure, and diabetes, through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering properties, as demonstrated in several in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the consumption of garlic, garlic preparation, garlic extract, and garlic extract-derived bioactive constituents on oxidative stress, inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, skin, bone, and other common diseases. Among the 83 human interventional trials considered, the consumption of garlic has been reported to modulate multiple biomarkers of different diseases; in addition, its combination with drugs or other food matrices has been shown to be safe and to prolong their therapeutic effects. The rapid metabolism and poor bioavailability that have limited the therapeutic use of garlic in the last years are also discussed.

Youth Justice in Japan

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Ellis ◽  
Akira Kyo
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Family Court ◽  
Youth Crime ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Juvenile Courts ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
The Family ◽  
Japanese Youth

This chapter provides the first comprehensive overview of Japanese youth justice, locating it within wider conceptual considerations of youth justice, such as welfare versus justice and penal populism, before outlining its historical development and questioning its uniqueness. It discusses the contested notion pre-delinquency and its net widening potential and its place in the wider trends in Japanese youth crime. The study critically assesses the overall organization, administration, and impact of the Family Court (equivalent to youth or juvenile courts) and summarizes recent developments in youth crime policy. Although the Family Court is at the center of youth justice, it involves many social welfare elements. Despite the increasingly punitive rhetoric, policy, and legislation for juveniles in Japan, there is no evidence that more juvenile offenders are being committed to the adult courts. Overall, we found a clear precedence of social welfare over criminal policy considerations.

Can Travel and Trade Affect the Global Epidemiology of Rabies?

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
K. Gokul Kumar ◽  
Anirban Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Local Setting ◽  
Global Epidemiology ◽  
The Family ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Animal Trade ◽  
Family Rhabdoviridae

Rabies is an acute, progressive, universally fatal encephalitis, caused by a zoonotic Lyssavirus belonging to the family Rhabdoviridae. Although an infectious disease, traditionally, it has not been considered to be spread through international trade and travel owing to the absence of human-to-human transmission. However, cross-border animal migration, animal trade, and travel to areas endemic for rabies pose a chance of emergence of travel-associated rabies as a public health threat. Additionally, the fact that the developed world has eradicated canine variant of the rabies virus impresses the imperative that adequate surveillance is maintained to prevent re-entry and re-establishment of the virus. The current review looks at evidence around outbreaks of travel-associated rabies and examines the various levels at which travel-associated rabies poses a threat and proposes policy recommendations which could be adopted in a local setting to combat the emerging public health challenge.

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