scholarly journals FREQUENCY OF FUNGAL MYCOFLORA ON RICE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ASIF ILYAS ◽  
FAZAL UR REHMAN ◽  
AFTAB SULTAN ◽  
MRAN ILYAS ◽  
IQRA ILYAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
The World ◽  
Helminthosporium Oryzae ◽  
Nigrospora Oryzae ◽  
Isolated Species

Introduction: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the second best essential cereal crop of the world as well as of Pakistan. There are various fungal pathogens that attack on rice and cause various rice diseases. Methods: Therefore, the present experiments were done to isolated different fungi associated with seeds, stems, and leaves of commercially grown rice varieties and of mainly isolated species. Results: Several fungi, namely, Magnaporthe oryzae, Curvularia lunata, Helminthosporium oryzae, Fusarium moniliforme, Alternaria alternata, Nigrospora oryzae, and Aspergillus niger were isolated from seeds, stems, and affected leaves of rice. Conclusion: In our research, the frequency of fungal mycoflora on rice has been calculated and the maximum isolates of Fusarium spp. have been found.

scholarly journals Pathogens associated with grain discolouration and their management in paddy (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-255
Author(s):  
K.B. Yadahalli ◽  
Jyoti A. Konnur
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Cent Concentration ◽  
The World ◽  
Helminthosporium Oryzae

Grain discoloration complex disease of rice is an emerging threat to rice crop all over the world and it acquires particular importance as it results in qualitative loss of harvested crop. So the present study was carried out to identify different fungi associated with disease and their management. The discoloured seed samples were collected from different farmer’s field during survey. Totally seven fungi including both saprophytic as well as pathogenic were isolated and identified from both blotter and potato dextrose agar method viz., Curvularia lunata (36.30 %), Helminthosporium oryzae (25.6 %), Fusarium moniliformae (19.6 %), Colletotrichum gloeosporioids (8.1 %) and Alternaria spp. (7.01 %) were predominantly associated with discoloured paddy seeds. Other saprophytic fungi like Aspergillus spp. (16.6 %) and Rhizopus spp. (12.1 %) were frequently observed. Similarly among the eleven treatment including control, seed treatment with carbendazim 50 WP (2 g kg-1) with two sprays of tebuconazole 250 EC at 0.1 per cent concentration and tricyclazole 18 % + mancozeb 62 % WP at 0.2 per cent first spray during flowering stage and second spray during 15 days after first spray reducing discoloured panicle by 61.46 per cent and 59.92 per cent, respectively.

scholarly journals Effficacy of fungicides, phytoextracts and cow urine against seed mycoflora of rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-249
Author(s):  
R.G. Parmar ◽  
Dipan R. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
South Indian ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Indian Meal

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important cereal crop belongs to the family Poaceae and native to south-east Asia. Rice crop needs a hot and humid climate. It is best suited to regions which have high humidity, prolonged sunshine and assured supply of water. It is an indispensable cereal essentially used in daily Indian meal in the form of dal-rice, roti, many south Indian foods and alcoholic beverages. Rice suffers heavy yield losses from diseases caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses many of which are carried through seed. Major seed borne fungi infecting rice includes Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium moniliforme, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria padwickii and Curvularia lunata. Among all the fungicidal treatments, carbendazim + mancozeb gave minimum per cent seed mycoflora (5.00%). Among all the phytoextracts treatments, minimum per cent seeds showed mycoflroa was by neem (9.66%) and lowest mycelial growth and highest growth inhibition per cent found in 15% concentration cow urine.

scholarly journals Comparative efficacy of garlic, BAU-biofungicide, Bavistin and Tilt on seed borne fungal flora in chilli

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
MT Hossen ◽  
MAS Sohag ◽  
MS Monjil
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Colletotrichum Capsici ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Alternaria Tenuis

Efficacy of BAU-Biofungicide (3%), garlic extract (1:1), Bavistin (0.2%) and Tilt 250EC (0.2%) were evaluated against seed borne fungal pathogens of chilli collected from Lakshmonkhola, Mugarchar and Tulatuli villages under Comilla district. Four hundred seeds of each sample were tested following blotter incubation and sand culture method. Using blotter incubation method, five different seed borne fungi, namely, Colletotrichum capsici, Alternaria tenuis, Aspergillus spp, Fusarium spp, and Curvularia lunata were detected from the chilli seeds. BAU-Biofungicide (3%) and followed by garlic extracts (1:1) was found most effective among five different treatments for increasing the germination percentage as well as controlling the associated seed borne fungi in chilli seed. Highest germination percentage (89.50%) was observed in BAU-Biofungicide (3%) treated seeds. Highest reduction of Colletotrichum capsici, Alternaria tenuis, Aspergillus spp, Fusarium spp, and Curvularia lunata was observed when seeds were treated with BAU-Biofungicide (3%) and garlic extract (1:1). The highest vigour index of chilli seed collected from Lakshmomkhola, Mugarchar and Tulatuli villages were 494.56, 403.23 and 333.37, respectively was observed in BAU-Biofungicide treated seeds.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(1): 41-46, January 2017

scholarly journals Rice (Oryza sativa L) cultivation in the highest elevation of the world

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Temperate Region ◽  
Japonica Variety ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Jumla is one of the 75 districts in the midwestern hills of Nepal. Rice (Oryza sativa L) cultivation in Jumla ranges from 2,400 to 3,050 m altitude, which is the highest elevation in the world. The highest elevation at 3,050 m is Chhumjul of Jumla, a record altitude, where rice is cultivated in Nepal. Jumli Marshi, a Japonica variety of indigenous rice, having cold tolerant gene, is probably cultivated since 1,300 years ago in Jumla in the bank of the Tila river. Improved rice varieties were tested in the Jumla valley by the Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC). In 2002, two improved rice varieties Chandannath-1 and Chandannath-3 were released for temperate region of Jumla and Karnali zone. Productivity of rice in Jumla is 1.7 mt/ha almost 40% lower than that of national average of 2.97 t/ha. Low productivity of rice is mainly due to the constraints of many biotic, abiotic and socio-economic factors. Food security in the food deficit region of the Karnali zone could be sustained by increasing rice productivity in the Jumla region where perennial irrigation is available round the year. Whole of the Jumla region is unique place with respect to rice cultivation in the highest altitude of the world. The practice of rice cultivation in Jumla could be a remarkable activity for boosting agro-tourism in the agrarian country like Nepal. Rice cultivation in Jumla is quite unique from the rice cultivation even in the same range of temperate region. Such a typical organic rice production system in the highest elevation of the world needs immediate attention of all institutions and authorities concerned to conserve it for the future generation as well. Jumla, the temperate region, is also affected by the impact of global warming thereby receding water level in the Tila river and its tributaries flowing in the Jumla valleys during rice growing season (March - October). Attempts have been made to document ethno-culture, socio-economic and cultural practices of rice cultivation in the highest elevation in the world. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v2i0.7519 Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 2: 2011 pp.31-41

scholarly journals Isolation and molecular characterization of ginger soft rot pathogenic fungi in Aizawl district of Mizoram, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
G. Rosangkima ◽  
Vanramliana ◽  
H. Lalthanzara ◽  
Lalringngheti ◽  
H.C. Lalramnghaki
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Soft Rot Disease ◽  
The World ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Rot Disease

Ginger soft rot disease caused by fungal pathogens have become one of the most serious problems causing reduced production around the world. It has also caused a major problem among farmers of Mizoram state in India resulting in a huge decline in rhizome yield. However, the exact causative agents of this disease have not been identified in the state. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to isolate and characterized the causative agents of ginger soft rot disease from the diseased plants collected from five different villages of Aizawl district, Mizoram. Isolated fungi were cultured and morphological and molecular identification were done using internal transcribed spacer of rDNA. Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani and Plectosphaerella cucumerina were identified in ginger samples from five villages. Fusarium spp. were the most common and seem to be the major causative agents. It is suggested that further investigation is required to explore the diversity of ginger soft rot pathogenic fungi in the whole state which could be helpful in introducing effective and eco-friendly disease management programme.

scholarly journals Biocontrol of Rice Seedling Rot Disease Caused by Curvularia lunata and Helminthosporium oryzae by Epiphytic Yeasts from Plant Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
Savitree Limtong ◽  
Parichat Into ◽  
Panchapond Attarat
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Seedling Rot ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Epiphytic Yeast ◽  
Helminthosporium Oryzae

Seedling rot disease in rice leads to significant loss in the production of seedlings. This research was conducted to explore yeasts that could be used as biological control agents against rice seedling rot disease caused by Curvularia lunata and Helminthosporium oryzae. In total, 167 epiphytic yeast strains were evaluated, revealing that 13 of these yeast strains demonstrated antagonistic activities against fungal pathogens and either C. lunata DOAC 2313 or H. oryzae DOAC 2293. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and biofilm produced were possible antagonistic mechanisms in vitro for all the antagonistic yeast strains. Using nursery trays in a greenhouse, this study evaluated the control of rice seedling rot disease caused by these two fungal pathogens using antagonistic yeasts, identified in the present study and from our previous study. Torulaspora indica DMKU-RP31 and Wickerhamomyces anomalus YE-42 were found to completely control rice seedling rot disease caused by both of these fungal pathogens. Furthermore, W. anomalus DMKU-RP04 revealed 100% disease control when the disease was caused by H. oryzae. This is the first report on using antagonistic yeasts to control rice seedling rot disease caused by C. lunata and H. oryzae. These three antagonistic yeasts also showed promising potential for development as biocontrol agents against rice seedling rot disease caused by fungi.

scholarly journals Seed Health, Quality Test, and Control of Seed-borne Fungi of Some Improved and Local Cultivars of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Bolanle Tolani Edun ◽  
Yahuza Lurwanu ◽  
Mustapha Sunusi ◽  
Ali A Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
And Control

This research was carried out to evaluate the health and quality of rice seed. The germination of seed and presence of rice seed related fungi were recorded and used to evaluate the effect of seed dressing chemicals on germination and vigor index over untreated rice seeds. Seven cultivars commonly grown in Kano, Kano State, Northwestern Nigera “FARO 52” (WITA), “FARO 44” (SIPI), “FARO 60” , (improved varieties), “Kwandala” , “Jamila” , Ex-china, and “JIF” (local varieties) were used in this study. The seed dressing chemicals used were Apron Star 42 WS, Dress Force 42WS and ZEB-Care 80%WP. This study was performed under three main tests, i.e dry inspection, blotter tests, agar plate and microscopic examination. The highest number of healthy seeds (94.16%) was recorded from “JIF” variety and lowest (64.77%) from “Jamila” . The highest number of deformed seeds was observed from variety “FARO 44” whereas the lowest noted on “JIF” . The identified fungi were Fusarium spp., Bipolaris oryzae, Aspergillus flavus, Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus niger, and Nigrospora oryzae., Rhizoctonia spp. and Rhizopus spp. Highest seed infection was recorded for A. flavus, A. niger, and Fusarium spp., and the least with C. lunata and N. oryzae. Treated seeds with Zeb-care (Mancozeb 80% WP), increased their vigor index over untreated by 62.78% and can be recommended as seed dressing chemical for optimun control of rice seed- borne pathogens.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Root-Associated Bacterial Endophytes and Their Biocontrol Potential against Major Fungal Phytopathogens of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Maqsood Ahmed Khaskheli ◽  
Lijuan Wu ◽  
Guoqing Chen ◽  
Long Chen ◽  
Sajid Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Bacterial Endophytes ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major cereal food crop worldwide, and its growth and yield are affected by several fungal phytopathogens, including Magnaporthe oryzae, Fusarium graminearum, F. moniliforme, and Rhizoctonia solani. In the present study, we have isolated and characterized root-associated bacterial endophytes that have antifungal activities against rice fungal phytopathogens. A total of 122 root-associated bacterial endophytes, belonging to six genera (Bacillus, Fictibacillus, Lysinibacillus, Paenibacillus, Cupriavidus, and Microbacterium) and 22 species were isolated from three rice cultivars. Furthermore, the 16S rRNA sequence-based phylogeny results revealed that Bacillus was the most dominant bacterial genera, and that there were 15 different species among the isolates. Moreover, 71 root-associated endophytes showed antagonistic effects against four major fungal phytopathogens, including M. oryzae, F. graminearum, F. moniliforme, and R. solani. Additionally, the biochemical, physiological, and PCR amplification results of the antibiotic-related genes further supported the endophytes as potential biocontrolling agents against the rice fungal pathogens. Consequently, the findings in this study suggested that the isolated bacterial endophytes might have beneficial roles in rice defense responses, including several bioactive compound syntheses. The outcomes of this study advocate the use of natural endophytes as an alternative strategy towards the rice resistance response.

In vitro evaluation of the anti-mycobacterial properties of the extracts of Momordica Charantia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Paul Giftson ◽  
Jerrine Joseph ◽  
Revathy Kalyanasundaram ◽  
V. Ramesh Kumar ◽  
Wilson Aruni
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
World Population ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
The World

Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease and remains one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. One fourth of the world population is infected with TB at a risk of developing disease. The increase in the incidence of drug resistant TB around the world urges the need to develop a new candidate to fight against the disease. Plants were considered as the rich source of bioactive components to be used as potential drugs. Medicinal plants are used in pure as well as crude materials for their medicinal properties. Our research aims in identifying the phyto-molecules which have anti- tuberculosis property. Four medicinal plants namely, Acalyphaciliata (Kuppaimeni), Solanumtrilobatum (Thuthuvalai), Momordicacharantia (Bitter Gourd) and Sennaauriculata (Avaram) were chosen to evaluate their antimicrobial activity focusing on anti-tubercular activity. The methanol extracts of the medicinal plants showed significant inhibitory activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Sennaauriculata methanol extracts showed activity against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. In the screening of antimycobacterial activity done by LRP assay, among the plant extracts tested, the hexane crude extracts of Momordicacharantia (Bitter Gourd) showed 82.2% and 81.03% of inhibition against M. tuberculosis H37Rv at 500µg/ml and 250µg/ml concentration respectively. Similarly, the methanol crude extracts of Momordicacharantia showed 87.14% and 63.55% of inhibition at 500µg/ml and 250µg/ml concentration respectively.

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