scholarly journals BIO-HERBICIDAL EFFICIENCY OF WITHANIA SOMNIFERA AGAINST IMPORTANT HIMALAYAN WEEDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Mamta Sharma ◽  
Rupinder Kaur ◽  
Sunil Puri
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Germination And Growth

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the bioherbicidal activity of Withania somnifera against germination and growth of noxious weeds of Himalaya i.e. Ageratum coenyzoides, Chenopodium album and Achyranthus aspera in a laboratory and foliar spray bioassay which will act as a tool of weed management in the Himalayan region.Methods: Root, stem and leaf aqueous extract of Withania somnifera at 100% concentration were applied to determine their effect on the seed germination and seedling growth of tested weeds under laboratory condition. Foliar spray bioassay was carried out by spraying extracts of Withania somnifera on three-month-old seedlings of weeds for two months. Germination and growth of weeds were assessed using growth parameters into account i.e. germination percentage, stem length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, no of shoot branches and no of root branches.Results: The results revealed that all the aqueous extracts markedly suppressed germination and seedling growth of A. coenyzoides, C. album and A. aspera. Withania extracts remarkably effected germination, the growth of Ageratum coenyzoides in comparison to other studied weeds. The leaf extract of Withania was more pronounced than stem and root extracts in germination assay. Infoliarspray bioassay, aqueous leaf extracts of 100% w/v concentrations were sprayed on three month old seedlings of weeds at an interval of 5 d. All the aqueous extracts significantly suppressed shoot length, root length, fresh weight and dry weight of Ageratum coenyzoides, Chenopodium album and Achyranthus aspera seedling. In foliar spray bioassay, leaf extract suppressed the stem length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, no. of root branches and no of shoot branches of studied weeds more commendably than stem and root extract. The suppression of growth parameters could be attributed to the presence of phytochemicals present in the extracts of Withaniasomnifera.Conclusion: The present study concludes that Withania somnifera contain bio-herbicidal compounds in leaf, stem and root as plant extracts adversely affect weed growth of studied weeds. Henceforth the strategy bio-control of weed is a safe and effective method which could prove a milestone in weed management in Mid-Himalaya.

scholarly journals Effect of electric field on seed germination and growth parameters of chickpea Cicer arietinum L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
A. Afrasiyab ◽  
J. Zafar ◽  
H. Muhmmad
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Germination And Growth

Cicer arietinum (L.) seed were exposed to electric field in the soil via electrodes. Five different EF were (3V,6V, 9V, 12V, and 0V) were induced 10 min after 24hours for 100 days, each treatment was consisting of an isolated gathering of plants. The rate of seed germination was enhanced to the control group. Plant height, root length, number of leaves, number of flowers, dry weight of the plant, and seed weight were measured at harvesting. Plants height by the influence of 3V, 6V, 9V and 12V were found to be significant in all treated groups than the control group, having an increase of 25.5%, 30.5%, 11.8%, and 17.1%. Similarly, root length was significantly increased than the control group, being increased in 3V, 6V and 12V by 28.6%, 24.0%, 3.0% and retarded in 9V by -3.0%. Leaves numbers were significantly higher than the control group, being increased by 25.3%, 25.2%, 15%, and 19.3% respectively. There was no centrality contrast found indifference in, number of flowers, the dried weight of plant and weight of seeds respectively.

scholarly journals Assessment of salinity tolerance in tomato cultivars grown in Maharashtra, India.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2259
Author(s):  
Rupali Seth
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

The present study was undertaken to assess the genotypic variation for salinity tolerance in five commercial cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown in Maharashtra. Growth parameters such as shoot length, root length, fresh weight and dry weight were assessed at control, 50 mM and 100 mM NaCl with Hoagland’s solution. The shoot/root length and fresh/dry weight declined at 100 mM stress. Proline accumulated as a consequence of salt stress. On the basis of growth parameters and proline accumulation cultivars Abhinav and Rohini were tolerant, TO1389 and N2535 moderately tolerant and Naina sensitive towards salinity stress.

scholarly journals The Influence of Salinity on Seedling Growth of Some Pumpkin Varieties Used as Rootstock

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana KURUM ◽  
Kamile ULUKAPI ◽  
Köksal AYDINŞAKİR ◽  
Ahmet Naci ONUS
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Plant Length

In this study, the effects of different salinity levels (0, “control”, 2, 4, 8, and 12 dS m-1) on seedling growth of Obez, RS 841 and Ferro F1 pumpkin varieties, widely used around the world as rootstock, were investigated. Seedlings grown under saline conditions were investigated for plant main stem length, plant length, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weights and ion concentrations (Ca++, K+, Na+) in the leaves of pumpkin varieties. The results revealed that root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weights tend to decrease when the electrical conductivity of the solution is increased. Results indicated that these varieties responded different to some investigated parameters under saline conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of FYM, N, P Fertilizers and Biofertilizers on Germination and Growth of Paddy (Oryza sativa L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rajasekaran ◽  
P. Sundaramoorthy ◽  
K. Sankar Ganesh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Pigment Contents ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
P Fertilizers

Biofertilizers are becoming increasingly popular in many countries and for many crops, but very few studies on their effect on growth in seedling stage have been conducted in rice. The experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions due to organic manure, fertilizers and bio fertilizers were observed in all experiments. The treatments such as organic manure, chemical fertilizers and Biofertilizers alone and in combination were applied. The growth parameters viz. germination percentage, root length, shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight were measured. Similarly the pigment contents such as chlorophyll-a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid were also measured at seventh day after sowing. All the parameters were higher in combined application of Biofertilizers than in single application and other treatments including control.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PHOTOPERIOD AND GIBBERELLIC ACID ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF CRASPEDIA UNIFLORA.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1092a-1092
Author(s):  
David C. Annis ◽  
Terri Starman
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Long Day

Flowers of Craspedi a uniflora (Billy Buttons), a New Zealand annual plant, have been introduced recently into the U.S.A. florist market. Craspedia is relatively unknown in the U.S.A., but is beginning to be utilized by florists as a cut flower and has potential for specialty cut flower production. Craspedia uniflora cut flowers were grown from seed in an inflated, double-layer, polyethylene greenhouse. Short day (SD) and long day (LD) photoperiod treatments were applied by daylength reduction via black cloth and night interruption lighting, respectively. Treatments began 10 weeks after sowing (15 leaf stage) and continued until harvest. Gibberellic acid was applied as a single foliar spray to runoff at 0 and 500 mg·liter-1 at initiation of photoperiod treatment. Long day treatment reduced days to anthesis, increased flower number, and decreased stem length and plant fresh weight. Gibberellic acid (500 mg·liter-1) increased foliage height under both photo period treatments and increased plant dry weight under LD but reduced dry weight under SD treatment. Flower fresh weight, diameter and bud number were not affected by treatment.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Jarak Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Bayam (Ammaranthus tricolor) Secara Hidroponik NFT (Nutrient Film Technique)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
I Made Suarjana ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Apriadi Aviantara ◽  
Gede Arda
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Final Value ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of spacing on the growth and yield of spinach plants with hydroponic NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) and to determine the most effective spacing and spinach results of hydroponic NFT plant growth. This study uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four treatment spacing, namely 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm. Each treatment uses the same number of plants as 15 plants in one gutter. The study was conducted for 20 days. The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight, root length, and stem diameter. High parameters and number of leaves are measured every two days, while parameters of fresh weight, dry weight, root length, and stem diameter are measured after harvest on the 20th day. For the final value obtained from the calculation of plant height growth parameters, namely JT5 (27.45), JT10 (32.45), JT15 (33.22), and JT20 (32.94). And for the final value obtained from the calculation of the number  leaf growth parameters, namely JT5 (11.21), JT10 (12.19), JT15 (12.51), and JT20 (12.17). While the final value of crop yield parameters for root lengths is JT5 (28.06), JT10 (30.43), JT15 (31.36), JT20 (30.70). For the stem diameter the average value obtained is JT5 (0.72), JT10 (8.84), JT15 (0.90), JT20 (0.85). For fresh weight of plants, the average values ??obtained are JT5 (182.40), JT10 (208.24), JT15 (215.07), JT20 (210.76). And for dry weight, the average value obtained is JT5 (9.51), JT10 (13.52), JT15 (15.05), JT20 (13.71). It can be concluded that from the results of the ANOVA analysis, the treatment of 15 cm spacing had the best results and the spacing of 5 cm showed the lowest results in each treatment observed.

scholarly journals Growth and Antioxidant Responses in Iron-Biofortified Lentil under Cadmium Stress

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Ruchi Bansal ◽  
Swati Priya ◽  
Harsh Kumar Dikshit ◽  
Sherry Rachel Jacob ◽  
Mahesh Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Tolerance ◽  
Controlled Conditions

Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal, toxic to our ecosystem even at low concentrations. Cd stress negatively affects plant growth and development by triggering oxidative stress. Limited information is available on the role of iron (Fe) in ameliorating Cd stress tolerance in legumes. This study assessed the effect of Cd stress in two lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) varieties differing in seed Fe concentration (L4717 (Fe-biofortified) and JL3) under controlled conditions. Six biochemical traits, five growth parameters, and Cd uptake were recorded at the seedling stage (21 days after sowing) in the studied genotypes grown under controlled conditions at two levels (100 μM and 200 μM) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The studied traits revealed significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions. Cd-induced oxidative damage led to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde in both genotypes. JL3 accumulated 77.1% more H2O2 and 75% more lipid peroxidation products than L4717 at the high Cd level. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased in response to Cd stress, with significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions (p < 0.01). L4717 had remarkably higher catalase (40.5%), peroxidase (43.9%), superoxide dismutase (31.7%), and glutathione reductase (47.3%) activities than JL3 under high Cd conditions. In addition, L4717 sustained better growth in terms of fresh weight and dry weight than JL3 under stress. JL3 exhibited high Cd uptake (14.87 mg g−1 fresh weight) compared to L4717 (7.32 mg g−1 fresh weight). The study concluded that the Fe-biofortified lentil genotype L4717 exhibited Cd tolerance by inciting an efficient antioxidative response to Cd toxicity. Further studies are required to elucidate the possibility of seed Fe content as a surrogacy trait for Cd tolerance.

scholarly journals Applications of plant growth promoting bacteria and Trichoderma spp. for controlling Orobanche crenata in faba bean

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ahmed Touny El-Dabaa ◽  
Hassan Abd-El-Khair
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Orobanche Crenata ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Abstract Background Orobanche crenata is an obligate root parasite belonging to Orbanchaceae. Broomrape causes great damage to the faba bean. Several attempts were applied for controlling parasitic weeds. So, the aim of this work is to study the application of Trichoderma spp. as well as three rhizobacteria species in comparison to herbicidal effect of Glyphosate (Glialka 48% WSC) for controlling broomrape infesting faba bean (Vicia faba). Materials and methods Three pot experiments were carried out in the greenhouse of the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt during two successive winter seasons. Trichoderma inocula were adjusted to 3.6 × 108 propagules/ml and the bacterium inocula were adjusted at 107–109 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml. All treatments were applied, before 1 week of sowing, at rate of 50 ml per pot in experiments I and II, while 100 ml per pot in experiment III. Results Trichoderma spp. (T. harzianum, T. viride and T. vierns) as well as three rhizobacteria species (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus) enhanced the growth parameters in faba bean plants, i.e. shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and leaf number in the first experiment when applied without O. crenata infection. In the second experiment, all bio-control could protect plants against O. crenata infection, where it had better juvenile number reduction, than glyphosate after 2 months of application. Both B. subtilis and B. pumilus had the highest reduction to juvenile fresh weight, while their effect was equal to herbicide for juvenile dry weight, respectively. The bio-control agents had high effects until the 4th month, but it was less than that of the herbicide. In experiment III, the bio-control agents could highly reduce the juvenile parameters after 2 months, as well as juvenile fresh weight and juvenile dry weight after 4 months, than the herbicide, respectively. The bio-control agents were effective until 6 months, but less than the herbicide effect. All bio-control treatments highly increased the plant growth parameters, than the herbicide. Conclusion The application of Trichoderma spp. as well as rhizobacteria species could play an important role in controlling broomrape in faba bean as a natural bioherbicide.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF WEED SPEICES AGERATUM CONYZOIDES L. AND CLEOME VISCOSA L. ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF SESAMUM INDICUM L

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
Anbarasan R ◽  
Prabhakaran J
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Cleome Viscosa

Various concentrations (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of aqueous extracts prepared from two weed species namely Ageratum conyzoides L. and Cleome viscosa L. and used for the present experiments to determine their allelopathic potential on growth and developmental changes on sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The weed extracts showed an inhibitory effect on germination percentage, root and shoot growth, and fresh and dry weight of sesame seedlings. The extracts of A.conyzoides had more inhibitory effect at 20%concentration,than that of C.viscosa on growth parameters of sesame.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR PAITAN (Tithonia diversifolia) PADA BERBAGAI DOSIS DAN RAGAM APLIKASINYA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KAILAN (Brassica oleracea Var. Acephala)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
AHMAD TAOFIK ◽  
SOFIYA HASANI ◽  
AYU CAHYANINGTYAS ◽  
BUDY FRASETYA
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors

The paitan plant contains allelopathic compounds for other plants so that the utilize of paitan plant as a source of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) has not been widely applied. This research aimed to study the interaction between LOF dosage and appropriate application method of LOF to increase the growth of kailan plants. The research conducted at experimental garden of UIN Bandung from June-August 2016. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with two factors and replicated four times. The first factor was application methods (A), i.e. a1=direct application to the soil, and a2= spraying. The second factor was LOF dosage (T), i.e. t0: 0 ml plant-1, t1: 20 ml plant-1, t2: 40 ml plant-1, t3: 60 ml plant-1, t4: 80 ml plant-1. The growth parameters observed i.e. plant height (14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 Day after Transplanting (DAT)), leaf area 42 DAT, plant dry weight 42 DAT, and plant fresh weight 42 DAT. The data then analyzed with analysis of variance at a significant level of 5%. If the analysis of variance was significant, the Duncan multiple range test was used at α=5%. The research results showed there was no interaction between method of application with a various dosage of paitan LOF to all of the growth parameters. The application paitan LOF showed similar growth in terms of plant height, leaf area, plant dry, and plant fresh weight. The application method of paitan LOF direct to the soil or spraying to leaves can not increase kailan plant growth.

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