scholarly journals CURCUMIN ATTENUATES LEAD (Pb)–INDUCED NEUROBEHAVIORL AND NEUROBIOCHEMICAL DYSFUNCTION: A REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gasem Mohammad Abu-taweel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Neurotransmitter System ◽  
Behavioral Toxicity ◽  
Behavior Modifications ◽  
The Common ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Brain

Lead is one of the common chemical elements that is assigned the symbol Pb which came from the Latin Plumbum. Pb is widely used in the field of coating, refine and glaze ceramics and pottery. It is still used in the production of products like water pipes, cooking utensils and cooking utensils. In addition it is also used in insulation of building ceilings, cable coverage and military industries. Lead enter the environment from those uses and from the environment it enter into the living organisms. Lead accumulates in many humanorgans, but the brain is the target organ of lead accumulation. Neurotoxicity of lead is, one of lead toxicity, caused many symptoms. There are many behavioral and biochemical modifications induced by lead toxicity like learning and memory deficits, anxiety disorders, social and sexual behavior modifications and neurotransmitter system deficits. Curcumin is a bioactive natural phytochemical phenolic compound (diferuloylmethane) extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma longa. Most studies indicated the role of curcumin in reducing the damage of lead toxicity. In the current review, emphasis was based on the toxicity of lead and its effect on behavior and some neurotransmitters related to behavior. The effect of curcumin is improving the neurotoxicity and behavioral toxicity of lead.

scholarly journals Neural Control of Immunity in Hypertension: Council on Hypertension Mid Career Award for Research Excellence, 2019

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-628
Author(s):  
Daniela Carnevale
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Neural Signals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Brain

The nervous system and the immune system share the common ability to exert gatekeeper roles at the interfaces between internal and external environment. Although interaction between these 2 evolutionarily highly conserved systems has been recognized for long time, the investigation into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying their crosstalk has been tackled only in recent decades. Recent work of the past years elucidated how the autonomic nervous system controls the splenic immunity recruited by hypertensive challenges. This review will focus on the neural mechanisms regulating the immune response and the role of this neuroimmune crosstalk in hypertension. In this context, the review highlights the components of the brain-spleen axis with a focus on the neuroimmune interface established in the spleen, where neural signals shape the immune response recruited to target organs of high blood pressure.

scholarly journals Nitric Oxide: The Common Link in Different Forms of Dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-326
Author(s):  
Dipak Kumar Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Keywords Dementia ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cellular Pathogenesis ◽  
The Brain

Dementia broadly refers to a global decline in cognitive and higher functions of the brain. With the gradually increasing number of aging population, the incidence of dementia has been steadily rising and expected to increase further in the coming years. The causes and forms of dementia are wide-ranging and diverse, with Alzheimer’s disease being its best studied form. With increasing knowledge about various effects and mechanisms of nitric oxide, this chemical neurotransmitter appears to be the connecting link in the cellular pathogenesis of dementia. An exhaustive search of research articles, commentaries and books published from 1990s onwards was performed with various words and combinations linked to dementia and nitric oxide. The existing medical literature shows both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of nitric oxide. The present article intends to delve into this topic and provide a lucid understanding of the role of nitric oxide in dementia. Keywords: Dementia, Nitric Oxide, Alzheimer’s disease, excitotoxicity, nitrosative stress.

scholarly journals More Than One HMG-CoA Lyase: The Classical Mitochondrial Enzyme Plus the Peroxisomal and the Cytosolic Ones

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 6124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnedo ◽  
Latorre-Pellicer ◽  
Lucia-Campos ◽  
Gil-Salvador ◽  
Antoñanzas-Peréz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Metabolic Remodeling ◽  
Lyase Activity ◽  
Cytosolic Side ◽  
Leucine Catabolism ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Brain

There are three human enzymes with HMG-CoA lyase activity that are able to synthesize ketone bodies in different subcellular compartments. The mitochondrial HMG-CoA lyase was the first to be described, and catalyzes the cleavage of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA to acetoacetate and acetyl-CoA, the common final step in ketogenesis and leucine catabolism. This protein is mainly expressed in the liver and its function is metabolic, since it produces ketone bodies as energetic fuels when glucose levels are low. Another isoform is encoded by the same gene for the mitochondrial HMG-CoA lyase (HMGCL), but it is located in peroxisomes. The last HMG-CoA lyase to be described is encoded by a different gene, HMGCLL1, and is located in the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Some activity assays and tissue distribution of this enzyme have shown the brain and lung as key tissues for studying its function. Although the roles of the peroxisomal and cytosolic HMG-CoA lyases remain unknown, recent studies highlight the role of ketone bodies in metabolic remodeling, homeostasis, and signaling, providing new insights into the molecular and cellular function of these enzymes.

Brothers in arms: proBDNF/BDNF and sAPPα/Aβ-signaling and their common interplay with ADAM10, TrkB, p75NTR, sortilin, and sorLA in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Eggert ◽  
Stefan Kins ◽  
Kristina Endres ◽  
Tanja Brigadski
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neuronal Death ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Bdnf Signaling ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important modulator for a variety of functions in the central nervous system (CNS). A wealth of evidence, such as reduced mRNA and protein level in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood samples of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients implicates a crucial role of BDNF in the progression of this disease. Especially, processing and subcellular localization of BDNF and its receptors TrkB and p75 are critical determinants for survival and death in neuronal cells. Similarly, the amyloid precursor protein (APP), a key player in Alzheimer’s disease, and its cleavage fragments sAPPα and Aβ are known for their respective roles in neuroprotection and neuronal death. Common features of APP- and BDNF-signaling indicate a causal relationship in their mode of action. However, the interconnections of APP- and BDNF-signaling are not well understood. Therefore, we here discuss dimerization properties, localization, processing by α- and γ-secretase, relevance of the common interaction partners TrkB, p75, sorLA, and sortilin as well as shared signaling pathways of BDNF and sAPPα.

scholarly journals Novel light-regulated genes in Trichoderma atroviride: a dissection by cDNA microarrays

Microbiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 152 (11) ◽  
pp. 3305-3317 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Rosales-Saavedra ◽  
E. U. Esquivel-Naranjo ◽  
S. Casas-Flores ◽  
P. Martínez-Hernández ◽  
E. Ibarra-Laclette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Light ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Soil Fungus ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Trichoderma Atroviride ◽  
Light Responses ◽  
The Common ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression

The influence of light on living organisms is critical, not only because of its importance as the main source of energy for the biosphere, but also due to its capacity to induce changes in the behaviour and morphology of nearly all forms of life. The common soil fungus Trichoderma atroviride responds to blue light in a synchronized manner, in time and space, by forming a ring of green conidia at what had been the colony perimeter at the time of exposure (photoconidiation). A putative complex formed by the BLR-1 and BLR-2 proteins in T. atroviride appears to play an essential role as a sensor and transcriptional regulator in photoconidiation. Expression analyses using microarrays containing 1438 unigenes were carried out in order to identify early light response genes. It was found that 2.8 % of the genes were light responsive: 2 % induced and 0.8 % repressed. Expression analysis in blr deletion mutants allowed the demonstration of the occurrence of two types of light responses, a blr-independent response in addition to the expected blr-dependent one, as well as a new role of the BLR proteins in repression of transcription. Exposure of T. atroviride to continuous light helped to establish that the light-responsive genes are subject to photoadaptation. Finally, evidence is provided of red-light-regulated gene expression and a possible crosstalk between the blue and red light signalling pathways.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Role of Curcumin Against Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced Neurodegeneration in Zebrafish

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 7311-7320
Keyword(s):  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Zebrafish Brain ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Brain

Curcuma longa L. has been shown to exhibit neuroprotection in the brain. Curcuma longa L. has been used for its neuroprotective effect in humans of neurological disorders. The present study is aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective role of curcumin, a key component of Curcuma longa L., following exposure to waterborne B[a]P. Wild-type adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were assigned as naïve, control (dimethyl sulfoxide), curcumin, B[a]P (Benzo[a]pyrene) and B[a]P+ curcumin group. B[a]P-induced altered antioxidant levels were enhanced by curcumin in the B[a]P+curcumin group. Findings showed that B[a]P induced anti-anxiety behavioral response and altered antioxidant activity in zebrafish is reduced by curcumin. The periventricular grey zone (PGZ) located on the optic tectum (TeO) in the zebrafish brain regulates anxiety-like behavior. Our histological study showed a significant increase in pyknotic neuronal counts in PGZ of TeO in adult zebrafish brain following B[a]P exposure and was improved by curcumin co-supplementation. Recent findings showed that curcumin improves glutathione production, an antioxidant necessary for maintaining redox homeostasis and shows a neuroprotective role in brain cells. The present study's findings address the potential role of curcumin co-supplementation as a herbal therapeutic against B[a]P-induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish.

scholarly journals Changes in noradrenaline and dopamine levels under oxygen debt conditions in the brain of rats during experimental acute pancreatitis

2022 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 6589-2022
Author(s):  
AGNIESZKA MARKIEWICZ-GOSPODAREK ◽  
IWONA ŁUSZCZEWSKA-SIERAKOWSKA ◽  
PIOTR KUSZTA ◽  
MARCIN KOPIENIAK ◽  
ELŻBIETA RADZIKOWSKA-BÜCHNER
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Sodium Taurocholate ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Oxygen Debt ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Emotional Processes ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Brain

This study’s aim was to assess the level of catecholamines, i.e., noradrenaline and dopamine, under oxygen debt conditions in the brain of experimental animals in which acute pancreatitis was experimentally induced. Catecholamines play the role of neurotransmitters and neuromediators. They are responsible for the regulation of motor and emotional processes, take part in the regulation of hormonal activities, sleep, wakefulness, concentration, attention, and learning processes. The experiment also determined the oxygen tension as an indicator of respiratory failure and the activity of amylase and lipase in the development of the inflammatory process. The animals on which the experiment was conducted were Wistar rats (140 animals) divided into 3 research groups: control (C) animals (n = 30), healthy (H) animals (n = 30), and operated (O) animals (n = 80). The determination of amylase, lipase, oxygen pressure, NA, and DO levels were performed at hours 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 of the experiment. The animals in group C had an injection needle inserted to investigate only the effects of mechanical damage to the organs. On the other hand, the animals in group O had a 5% solution of sodium taurocholate introduced into the common bile-pancreatic duct. The research conducted shows that the most significant changes in NA and DO levels were observed on the first day of the experiment. The concentrations of the above catecholamines were statistically significantly correlated with the level of amylase in the blood. The peak of dopamine was observed between the 6th and 12th hours of the experiment, while the lowest concentration of noradrenaline was observed at the 6th hour of the experiment.

scholarly journals Microglia and astroglia: the role of neuroinflammation in lead toxicity and neuronal injury in the brain

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Wei Chen ◽  
Mo-Han Dong ◽  
Fang Kuang ◽  
Jin-Tao Liu ◽  
Jie-Qiong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Neuronal Injury ◽  
The Brain

Role of the brain in adaptation of the common and golden carps to adverse factors of chemical origin

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-469
Author(s):  
A. G. Akhundov ◽  
N. J. Mustafaev ◽  
A. A. Mekhtiev
Keyword(s):  
The Common ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Elements of the Fifth Group of the Periodic System of D.I. Mendeleev – the Elements of Life

Vestnik RFFI ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 26-45
Author(s):  
Almir S. Gazizov ◽  
Yulia M. Sadykova ◽  
Elmira M. Gibadullina ◽  
Alexander R. Burilov ◽  
Lyudmila K. Kibardina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodic System ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living Nature ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

In the popular science review, dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the first publication of the Periodic Table of chemical elements by D.I. Mendeleev, the elements of the 5th (main) Group (namely nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth) are considered. The history of these elements discovery and some their properties are shortly described. The elements of the fifth group are also called “the elements of life”, which is linked with both the development of living organisms themselves and their compounds importance for human life. The review confirms this thesis in a popular-science form, using the available literature data on the role of chemical compounds of Group 5th elements in the development of living nature as well as in the progress of human civilization.

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