scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF BIO-ACTIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN THE LEAVES AND STEM OF TRICHOSANTHES ROXB. USING GC-MS TECHNIQUE WITH RESPECT TO ITS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
AGHIL SOORYA ARAVINDAKSHAN ◽  
SEKAR THANGAVEL
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dodecanoic Acid ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Drug Lead ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Benzeneacetic Acid

Objective: Structural elucidation studies on Trichosanthes lobata ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of leaf and stem parts through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique with respect to anti-inflammatory potential. Methods: Extracts obtained with shade dried and powdered samples in successive solvent extraction using ethyl acetate and methanol by Soxhlet apparatus and subjected to GC-MS analysis and interpreted for its anti-inflammatory compounds. Results: The study revealed that the extraction solvent used was able to recover compound of classes such as organic acid esters and conjugated alkaloids in larger quantities than other classes of compounds and they varied with leaf and stem and also with the polarity of solvents used. In total compounds identified, GC-MS profile of the Ethyl Acetate leaf extract of T. lobata contained 41 compounds, stem extract contained 45 compounds which have reported bioassays in PubChem. Whereas GC-MS profile of methanol leaf extract of T. lobata contained 66 compounds and stem extract contained 46 compounds having bioassay reports in PubChem. A large number of phytochemical peaks with good area percentage were found in methanolic extract. We were also able to find out potent anti-inflammatory compounds including Octanoic acid, Dodecanoic acid, Octadecane, Enoic acid, Hexanoic acid, Quinazolin-8-one, Ilicic acid, Pentadecanoic acid, Oxaspiro, Benzeneacetic acid, etc. from the extracts. Conclusion: T. lobata contains phytocompounds against inflammation which may serve as a new drug lead of natural products origin in future and make it employable in modern pharmacological practices.

Anti-Inflammatory Constituents of Alchornea cordifolia Leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
AA Ahmadu ◽  
A Agunu ◽  
EM Abdurrahman
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methyl Gallate ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Analgesic Agents ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Rat Paw ◽  
Rat Paw Oedema

Alchornea cordifolia (Schum and Thonn) Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant widely distributed in West Africa including Nigeria.The plant has been used for ethnomedicinal purposes against wounds, ulcers, and sores. The decoction of the leaves has been reported to provide remedies for bronchial problems, rheumatic pain and cough. From the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate soluble parts of the Methanol leaf extract, two compounds namely Lup-20(29)-en-3c-ol (lupenol) and Methyl 3, 4,5-trihydroxy benzoate (Methyl gallate) were isolated and their structures elucidated. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the compounds on carrageenan-induced paw oedema and formalin-induced pain in rats showed that compound 2 significantly (P<0.05) inhibit rat paw oedema compared to the standard drugs (Piroxicam and Morphine) used, while on formalin-induced pain in rats, the same trend was observed and were both comparable to Piroxicam and morphine, the standard anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents used, respectively. Compound 1 did not show any significant anti-inflammatory activity compared to control, likewise compound 2. Thus, compound 2, Methyl trihydroxy benzoate, might be responsible for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of this plant.Keywords: Alchornea cordifolia, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Methyl Trihydroxy Benzoate

Control of JE vector by organic compounds isolated and green nanoparticles synthesised from leaf extract of Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Someshwar Singha ◽  
Goutam Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

Abstract Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a dreadful disease transmitted by Culex vishnui group of mosquitoes. Control of JE vectors at the larval stage is one of the effective approaches in controlling JE. Methods: Leaves of Holoptelea integrifolia were subjected to petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone and absolute alcohol solvent extraction by Soxhlet apparatus. As the ethyl acetate extract showed best mosquito larvicidal activity against Culex vishnui, it extract was selected and processed further for isolation of active principle through column chromatography and TLC and then characterization of the active principle by FTIR and GC-MS was done. Results: Ethyl acetate extract was found to be the most potent larvicide. In the active fraction of isolated compounds from ethyl acetate extract, N-methyl-1-adamantaneacetamide was the major constituent responsible for larvicidal activity of Culex vishnui. Green nanoparticles were synthesised by treating silver nitrate with leaf extract of H. integrifolia and were examined for larvicidal activity. Nanoparticles were characterised by UV-VIS spectral analysis, XRD study, TEM, SEM and FTIR spectral analysis. Synthesised nanoparticles were 40-50 nm in size and showed good larvicidal activity on Cx. vishnui mosquitoes at 1.25, 2.25, 5, 7.5 and 10 ppm concentrations. Active principle of plant extract and green nanoparticles showed eco-friendly effect on non-target organisms like Chironomus circumdatus, Daphnia sp, Diplonychus anulatum and Tadpole larvae. Conclusion: Thus it can be concluded that active ingredient as well as green synthesized nano particles from H. integrifolia can be a good alternative of presently used chemical insecticides.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIC, ANTIPYRETIC EFFECT OF EICOSANE, PENTADECANE, OCTACOSANE, AND HENEICOSANE

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
PATRICK NWABUEZE OKECHUKWU
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Antipyretic Effect ◽  
Brewer's Yeast ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: Marantodes pumilum (MP) is a plant widely used in traditional medicine in the Southeast Asian region and been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, and antiulcer properties. The aim of the study is to identify the bioactive phytochemicals present in the purified leaf extract of MP using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and to determine their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effect in a rat model. Methods: A dichloromethane crude extract of MP was partially purified using column chromatography, and the bioactive compounds were identified using GC-MS. The anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities of the identified bioactive compounds were evaluated using formalin, carrageenan, acetic acid, and brewer’s yeast to induce the rats. Results: Eicosane, pentadecane, octacosane, and heneicosane were identified as bioactive compounds in purified leaf extract of MP. These bioactive compounds did not show any toxicity on the rats at 1000 mg/kg. There was no mortality, and no apparent behavioral, physiological, and morphological changes of the internal organs occurred. They exhibited a very significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced paw licking, carrageenan-induced paw edema, and brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia. Conclusions: Eicosane and pentadecane were able to show very strong anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. The observed effects of the bioactive compounds are similar to previous reports on crude and partially purified leaf extract of MP. The finding suggests that eicosane and pentadecane maybe the major bioactive compounds present in the purified leaf extract of MP.

Preliminary phytochemical screening, antimicrobial potentials and GC-MS analysis of Secamone afzelli Rhoem (Asclepiadaceae) leaves extracts

2020 ◽  
pp. 3728-3738
Author(s):  
Oladapo E. Oyinloye ◽  
Olumuyiwa. S. Alabi
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

Secamone afzelli is used ethno-medicinally as remedies for stomach, colic and gastro-intestinal tract infections. This study screened the hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of S. afzelli leaves for phytocompounds, antimicrobial activity and identified bioactive compounds in the most active extract using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. S. afzelli (200mg) leave was extracted by soxhlet apparatus using three solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol) and the phytochemicals determined. Antimicrobial susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) was determined by agar-diffusion and agar-dilution methods respectively against selected resistant bacterial and fungal clinical isolates. The most active of the three crude extracts was analysed by GC-MS for bioactive compounds identification. Presence of carbohydrates, anthraquinone, glycosides, proteins, tannin, phenolic compounds and steroids were determined. The three extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts) had antibacterial (Range of inhibition zone = 10 to 18 mm and MICs 12.5 to 200 mg/mL) but no antifungal activity. The ethanol extract was the most active with 29 bioactive compounds including piperazine, phytol, leucine methyl ester, N-methyl-N-(1-methylethyl)- 1Pentanamine, 7-propyl-pyrrolizin-1-thione and 4,5-dimethylnonane. The antibacterial activity and arrays of bioactive compounds detected in S. afzelli leaves suggest that the plant may be a good source of novel antimicrobial compounds.

scholarly journals LCMS/MS analysis and evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the polyphenol fraction of Litsea quinqueflora (Dennst.) Suresh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumin Mary Jose ◽  
M Anilkumar
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The main aim of the work was to scientifically prove the anti-inflammatory property of the polyphenol-rich fraction of hydro-alcoholic leaf extract of Litsea quinqueflora (Dennst.) Suresh by protein denaturation and free radical scavenging activity. The polyphenol-rich fraction of hydro-alcoholic leaf extract was obtained via acid-alkali hydrolysis, followed by fractionation with chloroform and ethyl acetate. HPTLC profiling of the finally obtained ethyl acetate fraction and consequent derivatisation with aluminium chloride revealed the presence of flavonoids in a more purified form. LCMS/MS analysis tentatively identified the presence of bioactive polyphenolic compounds such as gallocatechin, sinapic acid, pinocembrin, paeonol and umbelliferone in the separated fraction. The polyphenol-rich fraction of hydro-alcoholic extract of leaves showed anti-denaturing activity in heat-induced bovine serum albumin denaturation with an IC50 value of 23.59 µg/ml and was statistically significant at 0.1% level. The antioxidant property of the polyphenol-rich fraction determined by its free radical scavenging ability against DPPH and ABTS showed IC50 values 122.98 and 135.44 µg/ml respectively and was also statistically significant at 0.1% level. Hence, the traditional use of Litsea quinqueflora as an anti-inflammatory agent can be attributed to the presence of polyphenols.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activities of the Leaf Extracts of Luffa cylindrica

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Felix A. Onyegbule ◽  
Chukwudozie I. Okoye ◽  
Chidimma R. Chukwunwejim ◽  
Blessing O. Umeokoli ◽  
Peter M. Eze
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Luffa Cylindrica ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Introduction: Luffa cylindrica have been used traditionally in the treatment and management of several disease conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of leaf extracts of the plant, and identifying some of its phytoconstituents. Methods: The crude ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts were evaluated for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and paw-fluid displacement methods, respectively. The extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity using the agar well diffusion and agar dilution methods. The ethyl acetate leaf extract of the plant was further subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis for the identification of the bioactive compounds. Results: The ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of L. cylindrica showed average antioxidant properties at 100 µg/mL, with inhibitions of 53.31% and 54.73% respectively. The ethanol extract displayed significant anti-inflammatory activity at 50 mg/Kg with an inhibition of 31.1% compared to 39.7% recorded for the control (diclofenac). The ethyl acetate extract produced an inhibition of 15%. In the antimicrobial evaluation, the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed moderate antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. Typhi and B. subtilis. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited considerable antimicrobial activity against the test isolates compared to the ethanol extract. HPLC-DAD analysis of the ethyl acetate extract suggested the presence of two flavonoid compounds - luteolin and apigenin as key components of the leaf extract of L. cylindrica. These compounds are known to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the leaf extracts of L. cylindrica possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Evaluation, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Various Extracts from Leaves and Stems of Bryophyllum pinnatum

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Imaobong E. Daniel ◽  
Ekemini I. Akpan ◽  
Edidiong C. Utam
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bryophyllum Pinnatum

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of different extracts (methanol and ethyl acetate) of leaf and stem of Bryophyllum pinnatum were studied. The screening for the secondary metabolites was carried out using the standard methods. The antioxidant capacities of the different extracts were assessed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radicals and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) while the antimicrobial activity of the extracts obtained were screened against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholerae, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) using Agar well diffusion method. Both extracts obtained from leaf and stem of Bryophyllum pinnatum contained most of the phytochemical compounds tested for. However, anthocyanins and anthraquinone were not detected in leaf extracts while coumarin was absent in stem extracts. Quantification of bioactive compounds showed that both extracts contained the highest concentration of polyphenols (34.49 ±0.47 mg GAE/g and 32.32 ±1.2 mg GAE/g for methanol leaf and stem extracts respectively) while the least concentration was recorded for alkaloids (0.03±0.02 mg/g for methanol stem extract). Results revealed that the extracts showed dose-dependent scavenging of DPPH as well as the ability of the extracts to reduce FeCl3 solution, with methanol extracts exhibiting the highest scavenging and reducing capacity. However the leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum had greater antioxidant activity than the stem by DPPH and ferric reducing assays, with IC50 values ranging from 3.147µg/ml to 3.80µg/ml for DPPH and 331.9 - 451 µg/ml for FRAP assays. The antimicrobial activity of various solvent extracts of leaf and stem reveal that microorganisms exhibited different sensitivities towards these extracts in a dose-dependent manner. Methanol leaf extract showed no activity against Escherichia coli while Pseudomonas aeruginosa was insensitive to ethyl acetate leaf extract. For stem extracts, Aspergillus niger, Vibrio cholerae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant to methanol extract while Aspergillus niger, Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant towards ethyl acetate stem extract. The results obtained in this study showed that Bryophyllum pinnatum is a reservoir of bioactive compounds and both extracts exhibited significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of the Extracts from Leaves and Stems of Polygonum odoratum Lour

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nittaya Chansiw ◽  
Kamonnaree Chotinantakul ◽  
Somdet Srichairatanakool
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Oxide Production ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Polygonum odoratum is an indigenous vegetable that has been used as a favoring agent and also used as a Thai traditional medicine to treat flatulence. </P><P> Objective: To analyze active ingredients, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities from leaf and stem extracts of P. odoratum. </P><P> Methods: Leaves and stems were dried and extracted by using methanol, dichloromethane and water for obtaining Methanolic Leaf Extract (MLE), Methanolic Stem Extract (MTE), Dichloromethane Leaf Extract (DLE), Dichloromethane Stem Extract (DTE), Water Leaf Extract (WLE) and Water Stem Extract (WTE). The extracts were quantified for total phenolic and total flavonoid contents by spectrophotometry and active compounds were analyzed by using GC-MS. Antioxidant activity was determined by ABTS and DPPH radicals scavenging assays. Anti-inflammatory activity was tested by the inhibition of nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells induced by lipopolysaccharide. </P><P> Results: The DLE exhibited the most potent anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting nitric oxide production in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 = 53.75&#177;0.72 &#181;g/mL). MLE exhibited strong antioxidant activity and contained the highest concentration of phenolic compounds (52.59&#177;0.58 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract) and flavonoid (19.97+0.11 mg quercetin equivalent/g extract). E-15-Heptadecenal and 3, 7, 11, 15-tetramethyl-2- hexadecen-1-ol were found predominantly in the methanol extracts. </P><P> Conclusion: The leaf extract of P. odoratum showed potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, mediated by DLE and MLE, respectively.

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