scholarly journals Ethinyl Estradiol/Drospirenone for the Treatment of the Emotional and Physical Symptoms of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea J Rapkin ◽  
Michelle McDonald ◽  
Sharon A Winer
Keyword(s):  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Ethinyl Estradiol ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Steroid Production ◽  
Combined Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Free Interval ◽  
Affective Symptoms

A combined oral contraceptive pill containing 20 μg of ethinyl estradiol and 3 mg of the progestin drospirenone in a novel dose regimen (24 active pills followed by 4 placebo pills), has demonstrated efficacy for the symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder, a severe form of premenstrual syndrome, with an emphasis on the affective symptoms. Drospirenone has progestagenic, anti-androgenic and anti-aldosterone properties, which differ from earlier generations of progestins, and reducing the hormone pill-free interval allows for better suppression of ovarian steroid production.

scholarly journals Treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorders with combined oral contraceptives

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (14) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
K. B. Loginova ◽  
G. M. Dyukova ◽  
Yu. V. Dobrokhotova ◽  
A. B. Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Ethinyl Estradiol ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Combined Oral Contraceptives

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) with severe psycho-emotional disorders. The frequency of occurrence of PMDD in women of the reproductive period of the Russian Federation is estimated at an average of 15.6 %. The development of PMDD is based on the individual sensitivity of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides to fluctuations in the levels of sex steroid hormones of the ovulatory menstrual cycle, therefore, hormone therapy drugs are used for PMDD therapy — combined oral contraceptives (COC) that suppress ovulation.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of COC containing drospirenone in the treatment of PMDD.Materials and methods. 78 women of the reproductive period underwent a comprehensive examination and treatment of PMDD symptoms with contraceptives containing 30 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 3 mg of drospirenone (Midian).Results of the study. The age of patients with PMDD averaged 33.7 years; 55 % of women were between 25–34 years old; 97 % needed contraception; all women represented in the group had higher education, normal menstrual function and body mass index. After 3 months of treatment, there was a statistically significant decrease in pain of various localization, problems with appetite, difficulties in communicating with others, sleep disturbances, and an increase in productivity at work, at home and in school. After 6 months of treatment, COC psycho-emotional symptoms, such as depression, anger, irritation, emotional lability, anxiety, tension, loss of control, significantly regressed, while the effectiveness of therapy reached 50 % relative to the original background. Physical symptoms of PMS, such as swelling of the mammary glands, pain of various locations, sleep disturbances, were stopped on average by 70 %.Conclusions. COC containing drospirenone can be used to treat severe premenstrual syndrome, i. e. PMDD.

Premenstrual syndrome

2011 ◽  
pp. 1197-1206
Author(s):  
Andrea Rapkin ◽  
Mya Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Workplace Productivity ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Clinician Education ◽  
Criteria For Diagnosis ◽  
Reproductive Aged Women

The premenstrual disorders, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are psychoneuroendocrine disorders characterized by a constellation of affective, somatic, and behavioural symptoms that occur monthly, during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle with relief soon after the onset of menses. PMS affects approximately 15–40% of reproductive aged women depending on criteria for diagnosis. PMDD is a severe form of PMS, with an emphasis on the affective symptoms. It has been estimated that only 5–8% of women meet the strict criteria for PMDD, but up to 20% may be one symptom short of meeting the criteria (1). The premenstrual syndromes adversely impact relationships, activities of daily living, and workplace productivity. The research and treatment of the premenstrual disorders have been hampered by lack of consensus regarding the specific diagnostic criteria, methods of assessment of symptoms and impairment, and absence of animal models or biological markers for the disorders. However, elucidation of various aspects of the pathophysiology, well designed multicentre treatment trials, and patient and clinician education have successfully improved diagnosis and management This chapter will review symptoms, definitions, diagnostic criteria, aetiology, evaluation, and nonpharmacological and pharmacological management of PMS and PMDD.

scholarly journals Safety and Efficacy of Levonorgestrel 0.10 mg and Ethinyl Estradiol 0.02 mg plus Ethinyl Estradiol 0.01 mg in an Extended-Cycle Oral Contraceptive Regimen

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. CMT.S4661
Author(s):  
Radhika Rible ◽  
Ram Parvataneni ◽  
Angela Chen
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Ethinyl Estradiol ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Pivotal Trial ◽  
Combined Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Free Interval ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Effective Contraception ◽  
Combined Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Extended Cycle

Extended-cycle combined hormonal contraception has become a common practice among women seeking effective contraception and menstrual regulation. Extended cycle regimens have the benefit of decreasing scheduled bleeding as compared to traditional combined oral contraceptive (COC) regimens containing 21 days of hormones followed by a 7-day hormone-free interval (HFI) by reducing the frequency of the HFI. The newest FDA approved product in this family of contraceptive regimens is a 91-day COC regimen containing 0.02 mg ethinyl estradiol (EE) and 0.1 mg levonorgestrel (LNG) for 84 days followed by a 7-day interval with 0.01 mg EE. This regimen has been evaluated in one pivotal trial and demonstrated to have efficacy and a side effect profile similar to the other currently available FDA approved 91-day extended-cycle regimens. This is the first 91-day regimen formulated with 0.02 mg EE and offers women an effective option for contraception and menstrual cycle control.

Managing the side effects of contraception

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 226-231
Author(s):  
Katie Boog
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Mood Change ◽  
Combined Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Free Interval ◽  
Combined Hormonal Contraception

Side effects are the most common reason for the discontinuation of contraceptive methods. Dr Katie Boog summarises the available evidence on how to manage them Although often transient, side effects are the most common reason for individuals to discontinue contraception. The evidence to prove causality is limited, as is evidence-based guidance on how to manage these side effects. This article summarises the available evidence. For individuals who have new or worsening acne on progestogen-only contraception (POC), switching to combined hormonal contraception (CHC) is likely to improve their skin. Continuous or extended CHC use may be beneficial for individuals with premenstrual mood change, and for those who experience headaches in the hormone-free interval. Unpredictable bleeding patterns on POC are common. Injectable users can try reducing the interval between injections to 10 weeks. Implant, injectable or intrauterine system users can be offered a 3-month trial of a combined oral contraceptive pill (COC). CHC and POP users with unpredictable bleeding may benefit from switching to an alternative preparation.

Starting oral contraceptives – which, when and how?

1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
New Products ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Oral Contraception ◽  
Planned Parenthood ◽  
Combined Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Free Interval

About one quarter of women in Britain aged 18–44 use oral contraceptives,1 and almost half of those aged 20–29.2 Many will use more than one type during their years of sexual activity. Changes will occur as new products are introduced and new risks identified or in response to unwanted effects. Decisions may also be prompted by the need to restart oral contraception after a break as part of planned parenthood. Oral contraception is chosen chiefly because it is reliable and does not interrupt spontaneous sexual activity. Whether a combined oral contraceptive pill (COC) or a progestagen-only pill (POP) would be the more appropriate depends mainly on the woman’s medical history, smoking habits and age. Most women will want good cycle control, and a few will prefer to take an inactive pill for a few days in each cycle rather than have a pill-free interval. This article discusses the choice when starting, restarting or switching oral contraception.

Evaluation of the frequency of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and premenstrual syndrome in students of girls’ high schools of Kermanshah-Iran

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1688-1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Tatari ◽  
F. Torkamani ◽  
J. Shakeri ◽  
M. Rezaie ◽  
M. Hosseini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
List Type ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Education Of Students

IntroductionMany women in fertile period of their lives experience some mental and physical symptoms that begin on 7–10 days before menses and cease after bleeding. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) are the terms to indicate these symptoms. The prevalence of PMS has been estimated to be about40% to70%, PMDD has lower prevalence.ObjectiveThis study has evaluated the frequencies of PMS and PMDD along with related factors in students of girls’ high schools in Kermanshah.MethodsIn this descriptive-analytic study, 800 students of girls’ high schools were chosen by incidentally and clustery sampling. Everyone who was volunteer included in the study. Excluding criteria were: history of depression; medical illnesses like epilepsy, meningitis, encephalitis, heart diseases…; history of consumption of β-blockers or other drugs of heart diseases, Phenobarbitals, and anticonvulsants. The diagnosis was made according to DSM.IV.TR. The data was processed using SPSS software, version 11.5, and by descriptive and analytic statistical methods.Results1.The frequencies of PMS and PMDD were 41.5% and 9.4% respectively.2.The disorder was more frequent in students older than 16 years-old.3.Mood symptoms were the most frequent, followed by physical and behavioral symptoms respectively.4.There was lower frequency of the disorder in students whose mothers were high educated.5.The frequency of PMS was higher in those with positive family history.ConclusionThe high frequencies of PMS and PMDD which result to problems in education of students need serious considerations to elevate mental health of students and to refer the severe cases to specialized centers.

scholarly journals PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME: CLINICAL PATTERN, DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES

2017 ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
L. P. Guliyeva ◽  
S. V. Yureneva
Keyword(s):  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
First Line ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Psychoneurological Symptoms ◽  
Regular Mode ◽  
Line Drug

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a complex, cyclical, polyethiological, multifactorial combination of physical and mental disorders that occur in some women of reproductive age in the second - luteal - phase of the menstrual cycle and negatively affect the woman’s usual lifestyle.Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of PMS in which psychoneurological symptoms prevail. For the diagnosis of PMDD, the specific DSM-5 criteria were developed by the American Psychiatric Association according to which the the diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of five or more symptoms in women during the week prior to menstruation and their disappearance a few days after the onset of menstruation. These symptoms are observed for at least two cycles.Treatment of women with PMS/PMDD, first of all, should start with the lifestyle adjustment, inclusion of regular mode rate physical activity into daily activities. The effectiveness of vitamins B6, E and calcium has not been confirmed in studies. First-line drug therapy includes SSRIs or combined oral contraceptives containing drospirenone are prescribed first, then agonists of gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

scholarly journals Premenstrual Syndrome: Correlation and Functional Impairment

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Murlidhar Swami ◽  
Mona Narain ◽  
Krishna Kanwal
Keyword(s):  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Premenstrual Symptoms ◽  
Dsm Iv

ABSTRACT Introduction Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and its more severe form “premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)” is a common yet underdiagnosed disorder. It is characterized by anxiety, mood changes, and several somatic symptoms in the last week of the luteal phase and began to remit within a few days after the onset of the follicular phase. Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of PMS and PMDD among females at a tertiary care center and evaluate the associated symptomatology, sociodemographic variables, and functional impairment. Materials and methods In an observational, cross-sectional study, 150 randomly selected females (18–30 years) were evaluated for menstrual history after sociodemographic profiling. Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV)-TR (SCID)-PMDD was applied among those who were positive on premenstrual symptoms screening tool. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 14.0. Results The prevalence of PMS was 21.33%. Moderate to severe PMS was 14% and PMDD was 7.33% according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Fatigue/lack of energy, decreased interest in work were the most commonly reported symptoms. Decreased school/work efficiency and productivity was the commonest form of functional impairment. Increased body mass index, onset of symptoms since menarche, duration of premenstrual symptoms, menstrual cramps, and family history showed statistically significant association with PMS/PMDD. Conclusion Premenstrual syndrome is fairly common and causes significant functional impairment. Screening females in relevant age group for its symptomatology may aid in early detection and better management. How to cite this article Swami M, Narain M, Kanwal K, Mishra M, Singh S. Premenstrual Syndrome: Correlation and Functional Impairment. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2017;2(1):18-22.

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