Curcumin-loaded niosomes downregulate mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory markers involved in asthma: an in vitro study

Aim: In this study, curcumin was encapsulated in niosomes (Nio-Curc) to increase its effectiveness for the treatment of asthma. Materials & methods: The formulation underwent various physicochemical characterization experiments, an in vitro release study, molecular simulations and was evaluated for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Results: Results showed that Nio-Curc had a mean particle size of 284.93 ± 14.27 nm, zeta potential of -46.93 and encapsulation efficacy of 99.62%, which demonstrates optimized physicochemical characteristics. Curcumin release in vitro could be sustained for up to 24 h. Additionally, Nio-Curc effectively reduced mRNA transcript expression of pro-inflammatory markers; IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α in immortalized human airway basal cell line (BCi-NS1.1). Conclusion: In this study, we have demonstrated that Nio-Curc mitigated the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory markers in an in vitro study, which could be applied to treatment of asthma with further studies.

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In vitro evidence for the involvement of H2S pathway in the effect of clodronate during inflammatory response

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94228-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rosangela Montanaro ◽

Alessio D’Addona ◽

Andrea Izzo ◽

Carlo Ruosi ◽

Vincenzo Brancaleone

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Markers ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Inos Expression ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Inflammatory State ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Inflammatory Effect

AbstractClodronate is a bisphosphonate agent commonly used as anti-osteoporotic drug. Throughout its use, additional anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties have been reported, although the benefits described in the literature could not solely relate to their inhibition of bone resorption. Thus, the purpose of our in vitro study is to investigate whether there are underlying mechanisms explaining the anti-inflammatory effect of clodronate and possibly involving hydrogen sulphide (H2S). Immortalised fibroblast-like synoviocyte cells (K4IM) were cultured and treated with clodronate in presence of TNF-α. Clodronate significantly modulated iNOS expression elicited by TNF-α. Inflammatory markers induced by TNF-α, including IL-1, IL-6, MCP-1 and RANTES, were also suppressed following administration of clodronate. Furthermore, the reduction in enzymatic biosynthesis of CSE-derived H2S, together with the reduction in CSE expression associated with TNF-α treatment, was reverted by clodronate, thus rescuing endogenous H2S pathway activity. Clodronate displays antinflammatory properties through the modulation of H2S pathway and cytokines levels, thus assuring the control of the inflammatory state. Although further investigation is needed to stress out how clodronate exerts its control on H2S pathway, here we showed for the first the involvement of H2S in the additive beneficial effects observed following clodronate therapy.

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Physicochemical Characteristics of Arginine Enriched NaF Varnish: An In Vitro Study

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12122998 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 2998

Author(s):

Mohammed Nadeem Bijle ◽

Manikandan Ekambaram ◽

Edward Lo ◽

Cynthia Yiu

Keyword(s):

Molecular Dynamics ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Stable Matrix

The in vitro study objectives were to investigate the effect of arginine (Arg) incorporation in a 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish on its physical and chemical properties including F/Arg release. Six experimental formulations were prepared with L-arginine (L-Arg) and L-arginine monohydrochloride at 2%, 4%, and 8% w/v in a 5% NaF varnish, which served as a control. The varnishes were subjected to assessments for adhesion, viscosity, and NaF extraction. Molecular dynamics were simulated to identify post-dynamics total energy for NaF=Arg/Arg>NaF/Arg<NaF concentrations. The Arg/F varnish release profiles were determined in polyacrylic lactate buffer (pH-4.5; 7 days) and artificial saliva (pH-7; 1 h, 24 h, and 12 weeks). Incorporation of L-Arg in NaF varnish significantly influences physical properties ameliorating retention (p < 0.001). L-Arg in NaF varnish institutes the Arg-F complex. Molecular dynamics suggests that NaF>Arg concentration denotes the stabilized environment compared to NaF<Arg (p < 0.001). The 2% Arg-NaF exhibits periodic perennial Arg/F release and shows significantly higher integrated mean F release than NaF (p < 0.001). Incorporating 2% L-arginine in 5% NaF varnish improves its physical properties and renders a stable matrix with enduring higher F/Arg release than control.

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A Possible Mechanism of Action of 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: Enhanced IL-10 Production

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1739354 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christina J. Megli ◽

Alisse Hauspurg ◽

Raman Venkataramanan ◽

Steve N. Caritis

Keyword(s):

Mechanism Of Action ◽

Cytokine Production ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate

Objective The rate of recurrent spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) was reduced by 33% in the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit (MFMU) Network trial of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC), but the mechanism of action, 17 years later, remains elusive. The robustness of the interleukin-10 (IL-10) response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of leukocytes in pregnant women with a prior PTB correlates with gestational age at delivery. This study sought to determine if there is a relationship between the concentration of 17-OHPC and response to LPS stimulation. Study Design We performed a secondary analysis of data from the Omega-3 MFMU trial which evaluated the effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in reducing recurrent PTB. We utilized previously characterized data from a subanalyses of the Omega-3 trial of IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels from peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with LPS. Blood was obtained from enrolled women at 16 to 22 weeks' gestation (baseline) and 25 to 28 weeks' gestation (posttreatment). All women received 17-OHPC and plasma 17-OHPC concentrations were measured at 25 to 28 weeks' gestation. We analyzed these data to determine if there was a relationship between 17-OHPC concentration and cytokine production. We then performed an in vitro study to determine if 17-OHPC could directly alter cytokine production by THP-1-derived macrophages. Results In the clinical samples, we found that 17-OHPC plasma concentrations were correlated with the quantity of the LPS-stimulated production of IL-10. TNF-α production after LPS stimulation was unrelated to 17-OHPC concentration. In the in vitro study, we demonstrate a 17-OHPC concentration dependent increase in IL-10 production. Conclusion In women receiving 17-OHPC for PTB prevention, we demonstrate a relationship between plasma 17-OHPC and LPS-stimulated IL-10 production by circulating leukocytes. We also demonstrate that, in vitro, 17-OHPC treatment affects IL-10 production by LPS-stimulated macrophages. Collectively, these findings support an immunomodulatory mechanism of action of 17-OHPC in the prevention of recurrent PTB. Key Points

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Phenobarbital loaded microemulsion: development, kinetic release and quality control

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1590/s1984-82502016000200003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 251-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kayo Alves Figueiredo ◽

Jamilly Kelly Oliveira Neves ◽

José Alexsandro da Silva ◽

Rivelilson Mendes de Freitas ◽

André Luis Menezes Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Analytical Method ◽

In Vitro Release ◽

Physicochemical Characterization ◽

Primary Stability ◽

Isopropyl Myristate ◽

Microemulsion System ◽

Transdermal Application ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Vitro Release

ABSTRACT This study aimed to obtain and characterize a microemulsion (ME) containing phenobarbital (PB). The PB was incorporated in the proportion of 5% and 10% in a microemulsion system containing Labrasol(r), ethanol, isopropyl myristate and purified water. The physicochemical characterization was performed and the primary stability of the ME was evaluated. An analytical method was developed using spectrophotometry in UV = 242 nm. The kinetics of the in vitro release (Franz model) of the ME and the emulsion (EM) containing PB was evaluated. The incorporation of PB into ME at concentrations of 5 and 10% did not change pH and resistance to centrifugation. There was an increase in particle size, a decrease of conductivity and a change in the refractive index in relation to placebo ME. The ME remained stable in preliminary stability tests. The analytical method proved to be specific, linear, precise, accurate and robust. Regarding the kinetics of the in vitro release, ME obtained an in vitro release profile greater than the EM containing PB. Thus, the obtained ME has a potential for future transdermal application, being able to compose a drug delivery system for the treatment of epilepsy.

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Anti-Ro and anti-La autoantibodies induce TNF-α production by human salivary gland cells: an in vitro study

Reumatismo ◽

10.4081/reumatismo.2007.221 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

Author(s):

M. Sisto ◽

S. Lisi ◽

M. D'Amore ◽

V. Mitolo ◽

P. Scagliusi

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Human Salivary Gland ◽

Gland Cells ◽

Salivary Gland Cells ◽

Tnf Α

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Effects of Berries on High-Fat Diet-Induced Inflammation

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa045_082 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 449-449

Author(s):

Patricia Perez ◽

Desiree Wanders ◽

Hannah Land ◽

Kathryn Chiang ◽

Rami Najjar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

In Vivo Study ◽

High Fat ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Objectives Studies suggest that inflammation mediates the link between obesity and its comorbidities including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Hence, there is a demand for effective alternative or complementary approaches to treat obesity-associated inflammation. The objective of this study was to determine whether consumption of blackberries (BL) and raspberries (RB) alone or in combination reduce obesity-induced inflammation. Methods In Vitro Study: RAW 264.7 macrophages were pretreated with either BL, RB, or BL + RB, each at a final concentration of 200 µg/mL for 2 h. LPS (1 ng/mL) was then added to the media for 16 h. mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines was measured. In Vivo Study: Five-week-old mice were acclimated to a low-fat low-sucrose (LFLS) diet for one week after which mice were randomized 10 per group to one of five groups: 1) LFLS, 2) high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS), 3) HFHS + 10% BL, 4) HFHS + 10% RB, or 5) HFHS + 5% BL + 5% RB. Expression of inflammatory markers was measured in the liver as well as epididymal and inguinal white adipose tissue. Results In Vitro Study: Each berry alone and in combination suppressed the LPS-induced increase in inflammatory markers, with the combination (BL + RB) having the greatest effect. The combination suppressed LPS-induced expression of Ccl2, Tnfa, F4/80, and Il6 by 3.7−, 5.3−, 5.3−, and 4.4-fold, respectively. In Vivo Study: Gene expression analysis indicated that berry consumption had no significant effect on proinflammatory (Ccl2, Il1b, Tnfa, Il6, Itgam) or anti-inflammatory (Adipoq, Arg1, Mgl1) markers in adipose tissue depots or liver. However, relatively low gene expression of inflammatory markers in the tissues indicates that the mice fed the HFHS diet failed to develop a robust inflammatory state. Conclusions BL and RB have direct anti-inflammatory effects on immune cells. Initial analysis indicates that consumption of BL and RB has no significant effects on markers of inflammation in a diet-induced mouse model of obesity. However, it is possible that the relatively low levels of inflammation in these mice masked the anti-inflammatory potential of BL and RB. Ongoing analysis will provide additional insights into the effects of BL and RB on inflammation in these tissues. Funding Sources Lewis Foundation Award.

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