scholarly journals Pharmacogenomic considerations for repurposing of dexamethasone as a potential drug against SARS-CoV-2 infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manik Vohra ◽  
Anu Radha Sharma ◽  
Kapaettu Satyamoorthy ◽  
Padmalatha S Rai
Keyword(s):  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Induced Changes

Immunomodulatory and analgesic effects of dexamethasone are clinically well established, and this synthetic corticosteroid acts as an agonist of glucocorticoid receptors. Early results of the RECOVERY Trial from the United Kingdom and others suggest certain benefits of dexamethasone against COVID-19 chronic patients. The efforts have been acknowledged by World Health Organization with an interim guideline to use in patients with a severe and critical illness. The inherent genetic variations in genes such as CYP3A5, NR3C1, NR3C2, etc., involved in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes may influence dexamethasone’s effects as an anti-inflammatory drug. Besides, the drug may influence transcriptome or metabolic changes in the individuals. In the present review, we summarize the reported genetic variations that impact dexamethasone response and discuss dexamethasone-induced changes in transcriptome and metabolome that may influence potential treatment outcome against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Comprehensive physiotherapy management in covid-19 – a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 38030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deivendran Kalirathinam ◽  
Raj Guruchandran ◽  
Prabhakar Subramani
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Review ◽  
World Health ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

The 2019 novel coronavirus officially named as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by the World Health Organization, has spread to more than 180 countries. The ongoing global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, which causes COVID-19, spread to the United Kingdom (UK) in January 2020. Transmission within the UK was confirmed in February, leading to an epidemic with a rapid increase in cases in March. As on April 25- 2020, there have been 148,377 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the UK and 20,319 people with confirmed infection have died. Survival of critically ill patients is frequently associated with significant functional impairment and reduced health-related quality of life. Early physiotherapy and community rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients has recently been identified as an essential therapeutic tool and has become a crucial evidence-based component in the management of these patients. This comprehensive narrative review aims to describe recent progress in the application of physiotherapy management in COVID 19 patients. Assessment and evidence- based treatment of these patients should include prevention, reduction of adverse consequences in immobilization, and long-term impairment sequelae. A variety of techniques and modalities of early physiotherapy in intensive care unit are suggested by clinical research. They should be applied according to the stage of the disease, comorbidities, and patient’s level of cooperation.

scholarly journals A review of post infectious pulmonary fibrosis in the era of COVID-19 and potential treatment options

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (40) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Medha Ghose ◽  
Maehali Patel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
World Health ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Pulmonary Injury ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Post Infectious

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) released a statement characterizing COVID-19 as a pandemic that has, as of October 2020, caused almost 36 million confirmed global cases and over 1 million deaths. One of the long-term complications suggested by researchers is fibrosis. It has been hypothesized that the combination of ongoing pulmonary injury caused by COVID-19 and the inability to promptly repair damage results in interstitial matrix widening and eventual compression and destruction of alveoli and capillaries. Here we focus on pathogenesis, risk factors, different infectious causes of fibrosis along with COVID-19, and potential treatment options that might reduce its effects. Key words: COVID-19, pulmonary fibrosis, mechanism, treatment

Gestione delle patologie cardiovascolari croniche in ambiente ambulatoriale: primi dati di un ambulatorio Hub della regione Lombardia

2020 ◽  
pp. 281-288
Author(s):  
Marcella Longo ◽  
Cristiana Valerio
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
High Volume ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Illness Care ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Difficult Challenge ◽  
Health Organization

Chronic diseases are the main cause of death and hospitalizations in the world. In 2005 World Health Organization estimated that over 60% of all annual deaths were due to chronic diseases, even with a high neconomic impact. For these reasons chronic illness care is one of the most difficult challenge for the health service: the management of chronic patients needs a different set-ting, as compared with the “hospital – based model” used for acute conditions. In this work, we described the first data of a Hub cardiology out-patient clinic of Azienda Socio Sanitaria Milano Nord, of Lombardia region. Between August 1, 2015 and August 31, 2016, we evaluated 2956 clinical examinations and 4364 instrumental tests. The five main diagnoses were: hypertension (25%), diabetes (17%), chronic coronary syndromes (12%), atrial fibrillation (14%), chronic heart failure (4%). Our results show the high volume of activities of cardiology service and demonstrate the important role of territorial cardiology for chronic cardiovascular disease management.

Experience of non-breastfeeding mothers

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Nihlén Fahlquist
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Research Question ◽  
World Health ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Ethics Guidelines ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Research Ethics Guidelines

Background: Breastfeeding is currently strongly recommended by midwives and paediatricians, and the recommendations are based on documents provided by the World Health Organization and public health authorities worldwide. Research question: The underlying question is, how are non-breastfeeding mothers affected emotionally when informed that breastfeeding is the safest and healthiest option? Research design: The method used is an anonymous web-based qualitative survey exploring the narratives of non-breastfeeding mothers, published on Thesistools.com . The aim is to achieve qualitative knowledge about the emotions of non-breastfeeding mothers. Participants and research context: Participants were based in Sweden, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands and were selected through a purposeful sample. Ethical considerations: The online survey anonymizes responses automatically, and all respondents had to tick a box agreeing to be quoted anonymously in scientific articles. The study conforms to research ethics guidelines. Findings: Respondents describe how they were affected, and the following themes emerged in studying their descriptions: depression, anxiety and pain, feeling failed as a mother and woman, loss of freedom/feeling trapped, relief and guilt. Discussion: The themes are discussed against the background of the ethics of care and a theory of ethically responsible risk communication. Conclusion: Three conclusions are made. First, the message should become more empathetic. Second, information should be given in an attentive dialogue. Third, information providers should evaluate effects in a more inclusive way.

Community Nurses and Health Promotion: Ethical and Political Perspectives

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Thomas ◽  
Paul Wainwright
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Gain ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
World Health ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Central Council ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization

This paper brings together ideas from two perspectives on ethics and health promotion. A discussion of the ethical dimension of the health promotion practice of community nurses is set in the wider context of health policy, with particular reference to health gain and individual responsibility. It is widely held that nurses have a key role to play in health promotion and that this is particularly the case for nurses working in primary health care. This assumption is reinforced by policy documents from the World Health Organization, the Department of Health and statutory bodies such as the United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting. The approach of many nurses to health promotion has tended on the one hand to be somewhat naive and on the other to be authoritarian and didactic; there has been little discussion in the nursing literature of the ethical aspects of health promotion. However, recent developments in nurse education, such as Project 2000 and the consequent changes to preregistration programmes, have resulted in increased attention to both ethics and health promotion within the curriculum.

Suicide in Scotland in Comparison with England and Wales

1972 ◽  
Vol 121 (560) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Norman Kreitman
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
A Value ◽  
Health Organization

Over 70 years ago, Sibbald (1900) commented that the official statistics on suicide showed Scotland to have lower rates than England and Wales. It seems that Scotland has always been regarded as one of the countries with relatively few suicides. A recent World Health Organization publication (1968) commented on the official suicide rates in a sample of 20 different nations; among these Scotland ranked nineteenth in 1952–4. However, this picture appears to have been gradually changing over the last two decades, and the same W.H.O. publication, citing official statistics for the period 1961–3, quotes a value for Scotland which raises it to fifteenth in the list of 20 countries. Moreover, the Scottish rates and those for England and Wales have gradually come closer together over the last 20 years.The aim of this paper is to examine the trends in Scottish statistics for the last two decades and to compare the current suicide rates with those of the rest of the United Kingdom. All the data quoted are based on the publications of the Registrars General for Scotland and for England and Wales.

scholarly journals Mortality and Cardiovascular Complications in Older Complex Chronic Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Clua-Espuny ◽  
M. A. González-Henares ◽  
M. L. L. Queralt-Tomas ◽  
W. Campo-Tamayo ◽  
E. Muria-Subirats ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Complex Patients ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Ischaemic Cardiopathy

Aims/Introduction. Determining the prevalence of diabetes and its cardiovascular complications and all-cause mortality in older chronic complex patients. Materials and Methods. We carried out a multicenter retrospective study and included a randomized sample of 932 CCP people. We assessed the prevalence of diabetes according to World Health Organization criteria. Data included demographics and functional, comorbidity, cognitive, and social assessment. Results. The prevalence of diabetes was 53% and average age 81.16±8.93 years. There were no significant differences in the survival of CCP patients with or without DM, with or without ischaemic cardiopathy, and with or without peripheral vascular disease. The prognostic factors of all-cause mortality in patients with DM were age ≥ 80 years [HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.02–2.13, p  0.038], presence of heart failure [HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.25–2.38, p  0.001], Charlson score [HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.06–1.36, p  0.003], presence of cognitive impairment [HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.24–2.40, p  0.001], and no treatment with statins [HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.08–2.04, p  0.038]. Conclusions. We found high prevalence of DM among CCP patients and the relative importance of traditional risk factors seemed to wane with advancing age. Recommendations may include relaxing treatment goals, providing family/patient education, and enhanced communication strategies.

scholarly journals Nursing Roles And Functions In The Inpatient Neurorehabilitation Of Stroke Patients: A Literature Review

2017 ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Fariba Tabari
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Stroke Care ◽  
Interdisciplinary Cooperation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Nursing Roles

Stroke is the third largest cause of death and largest cause of adult disability in the United Kingdom and United States. The World Health Organization (WHO)[1] estimates 15 million people worldwide will have a stroke annually; this represents a major health burden. The purpose was to explore the nursing roles and functions in the Inpatient Neurorehabilitation of Stroke Patients.Method:In this review study, an online search among articles published from 2000 to 2016 was conducted through CINAHL, PubMed, Science Direct, Elsevier, SID, Iran Medex, Magiran and Google scholar databases using key words; “Inpatient Neurorehabilitation of Stroke Patients”, “Nursing Roles and Functions”. The protocol of York University Guide was used to select the articles.Results:In total, 15 articles were used from 40 articles that were initially obtained from the search, from which, 6 were Iranian articles and the rest were non-Iranian articles. The articles indicated that, nursing roles and functions in the Inpatient Neurorehabilitation of Stroke Patients can be divided into the factors related to patient role, interdisciplinary cooperation, feedback to the staff about the patient’s progress, to provide emotional Support for patients and relatives.Conclusions: The contribution that nurses with stroke rehabilitation skills can make to effective stroke care was understood. However, The nurse considers the individual’s needs  working collaboratively with the patient and their families to involve them in a meaningful way with decision making and their recovery.  

Glycyrrhizin as a Potential Treatment for the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habeb Al-Kamel ◽  
Oliver Grundmann
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Licorice Root ◽  
World Health ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

: COVID-19 is an emerging viral infection of zoonotic origin that is closely related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) that caused an outbreak in 2003. Therefore, scientists named the new virus SARS-CoV-2. On March 11, 2020, The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized COVID-19 as a global pandemic. At present, three vaccines have been approved or are being considered for approval by national regulatory agencies to immunize against COVID-19. However, the vaccines do not yet remain widely available and no specific treatment against the virus is available. The pathogenesis and proliferation pathways of SARS-CoV-2 are still not well known. Thus, in this article, the saponin glycyrrhizin is discussed as a new potential therapeutic agent of natural origin (licorice root, Glycyrrhizaglabra) for the potential treatment of COVID-19 infections.

scholarly journals Towards a Paradigm Shift in the Treatment of Chronic Chagas Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Viotti ◽  
B. Alarcón de Noya ◽  
T. Araujo-Jorge ◽  
M. J. Grijalva ◽  
F. Guhl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current Medical Practice ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Criteria For Evaluation ◽  
Chronic Chagas Disease

ABSTRACTTreatment for Chagas disease with currently available medications is recommended universally only for acute cases (all ages) and for children up to 14 years old. The World Health Organization, however, also recommends specific antiparasite treatment for all chronic-phaseTrypanosoma cruzi-infected individuals, even though in current medical practice this remains controversial, and most physicians only prescribe palliative treatment for adult Chagas patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. The present opinion, prepared by members of the NHEPACHA network (Nuevas Herramientas para el Diagnóstico y la Evaluación del Paciente con Enfermedad de Chagas/New Tools for the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Chagas Disease Patients), reviews the paradigm shift based on clinical and immunological evidence and argues in favor of antiparasitic treatment for all chronic patients. We review the tools needed to monitor therapeutic efficacy and the potential criteria for evaluation of treatment efficacy beyond parasitological cure. Etiological treatment should now be mandatory for all adult chronic Chagas disease patients.

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