SELENIUM LEVELS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH ENDOCRINE DISEASES: EVIDENCE FROM A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Selenium (Se) is essential micronutrient involved in several physiological processes. In many regions around the world, a suboptimal intake of Se has been reported in several health conditions, also in pediatric age. Studies on association between Se level and diseases in children reported contrasting results. We took an aim to perform a systematic review of literature and provide evidence-based conclusion on the magnitude of Se deficit in endocrine diseases in children. PubMed, ISI WoS, and Scopus databases were searched to identify eligible studies, published until July 25, 2019. Methodological quality was assessed using Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. After careful selection, 13 eligible studies were included. Majority were conducted in Turkey (n=5) and Iran (n=5), and sample size varied from 61 to 628 children, with a mean (±SD) age of cases from 5.1±1.6 months up to 13.8±4.5 years. Eleven studies focused on different thyroid diseases, and two on children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In goitrous patients, Se level ranged from mean (±SD), 25.71±20.68 μg/L to 114.9±34.1 μg/L, while in patients with T1DM was 20.9±12.9 μg/mL and mean (95% CI)=58.4 μg/L (55.0–63.09). We may conclude that goiter and thyroid dysfunction are prominent signs of Se deficiency in children. Although deficiency of iodine and selenium are usually combined in some area, our systematic review showed that Se deficiency is important goitrogenic factor in school children. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to adequately explore the role of Se in endocrine disorders in children, across different populations and regions.

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Personality Factors in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.590320 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Federica Galli ◽

Ludovica Scotto ◽

Simona Ravenda ◽

Maria Giulia Zampino ◽

Gabriella Pravettoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Emotional Regulation ◽

Cochrane Collaboration ◽

Personality Factors ◽

Intervention Plan ◽

Long Time ◽

Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽

The Cochrane Collaboration

Background: The role of personality in cancer incidence and development has been studied for a long time. As colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancer types and linked with lifestyle habits, it is important to better understand its psychological correlates, in order to design a more specific prevention and intervention plan. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze all the studies investigating the role of personality in CRC incidence.Methods: All studies on CRC and personality up to November 2020 were scrutinized according to the Cochrane Collaboration and the PRISMA statements. Selected studies were additionally evaluated for the Risk of Bias according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria and were eventually included in this review. Two main constructs have been identified as potential contributors of CRC incidence: emotional regulation (anger) and relational style (egoism).Conclusion: Strong conclusions regarding the influence of personality traits on the incidence of CRC are not possible, because of the small number and the heterogeneity of the selected studies. Further research is needed to understand the complexity of personality and its role in the incidence of CRC and the interaction with other valuable risk factors.

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Endocrinology and diabetes

Oxford Handbook for Medical School ◽

10.1093/med/9780199681907.003.0013 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 285-306

Keyword(s):

Foot Ulcers ◽

Endocrine Disorders ◽

Insulin Deficiency ◽

Metabolic Disturbances ◽

Hormone Production ◽

Endocrine Diseases ◽

Action Type ◽

In Pregnancy

The specialty of endocrinology and diabetes specializes in the management of disorders of hormone production or action. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is by far the commonest condition and is characterized by insulin resistance (in comparison to insulin deficiency in type 1 diabetes). Diagnostic criteria and glycaemic management (both oral and injectable) are discussed, as well as complications (including foot ulcers, retinopathy, and increased cardiovascular risk) and diabetes in pregnancy. The next commonest endocrine diseases affect the thyroid gland, causing both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism; the pathophysiology, clinical features, and management of both are outlined. Rarer endocrinopathies affect the adrenal glands (e.g. Addison’s disease, Conn’s disease, and phaeochromocytoma) or pituitary gland (e.g. Cushing’s disease, prolactinoma, and acromegaly). Endocrine disorders can also lead to metabolic disturbances including hypo/hypernatraemia and hypo/hypercalcaemia.

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Taste receptor polymorphisms and longevity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Aging Clinical and Experimental Research ◽

10.1007/s40520-020-01745-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Danilo Di Bona ◽

Alberto Malovini ◽

Giulia Accardi ◽

Anna Aiello ◽

Giuseppina Candore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Bitter Taste ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Taste Receptor ◽

The Other ◽

Analytic Approach ◽

Taste Receptors ◽

South Italy ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Different Populations

AbstractBitter taste receptors (TAS2R) are involved in a variety of non-tasting physiological processes, including immune-inflammatory ones. Therefore, their genetic variations might influence various traits. In particular, in different populations of South Italy (Calabria, Cilento, and Sardinia), polymorphisms of TAS2R16 and TAS238 have been analysed in association with longevity with inconsistent results. A meta-analytic approach to quantitatively synthesize the possible effect of the previous variants and, possibly, to reconcile the inconsistencies has been used in the present paper. TAS2R38 variants in the Cilento population were also analysed for their possible association with longevity and the obtained data have been included in the relative meta-analysis. In population from Cilento no association was found between TAS2R38 and longevity, and no association was observed as well, performing the meta-analysis with data of the other studies. Concerning TAS2R16 gene, instead, the genotype associated with longevity in the Calabria population maintained its significance in the meta-analysis with data from Cilento population, that, alone, were not significant in the previously published study. In conclusion, our results suggest that TAS2R16 genotype variant is associated with longevity in South Italy.

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The Hypothalamo–Pituitary–Adrenocortical Axis—An Overview of the Role of Glucocorticoids in the Pathophysiology of Endocrine Disorders and Perspectives for the Future

US Endocrinology ◽

10.17925/use.2011.07.01.65 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 07 (01) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Christopher D John ◽

Julia C Buckingham ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Acute Stress ◽

Subsequent Development ◽

Endocrine Disorders ◽

Adaptive Responses ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Cellular Processes ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Wear And Tear ◽

Adaptive Processes

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the end products of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical axis (HPA) and, via activation of the ubiquitously expressed GC receptor, influence numerous physiological processes. GCs are also involved in the regulation of basal homeostasis as well as mediating adaptive responses to stress that act to restore homeostasis. This article discusses the various factors that are important in regulating plasma and intracellular GC concentrations and describes the genomic and non-genomic mechanisms used by GCs to influence cellular processes. We describe the concept of allostatic overload associated with chronic HPA activation and the subsequent development of tissue dysfunction and disease. While allostasis is associated with acute stress and a restoration of homeostasis, chronic stress is likely to induce allostatic overload owing to the sustained activation of adaptive processes. Increased wear and tear in GC-sensitive tissues can eventually lead to tissue dysfunction and disease. Chronic elevations in GCs can also induce dysfunction or disease associated with decreased tissue function owing to the prolonged inhibitory effects of GCs or the redistribution of metabolic resource away from physiological systems not involved in restoring homeostasis. Numerous endocrine-related disorders are associated with aberrant GC levels and in terms of pathophysiology may be linked with chronic tissue-specific alterations in GC actions.

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Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between mumps during childhood and risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2016-0148 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hafi Anwer Saad ◽

Chris C. Patterson ◽

Chris R. Cardwell

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Included Study ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Literature Searches ◽

Newcastle Ottawa Scale

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between mumps and risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Literature searches were conducted using Medline, EMBASE and Web of Science including studies published before February 2014. Crude and, where available, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted from the published reports of each included study. Combined OR estimates and tests of heterogeneity were obtained using meta-analysis techniques. The analysis was repeated in subgroups of studies on the basis of quality defined by the score on the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). In total, 18 articles met the eligibility criteria, and overall there was some evidence of a weak association between clinically diagnosed mumps and T1DM (OR=1.23, 95% CI 1.00–1.51; p=0.05) but marked heterogeneity between studies (I

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School-based programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents

The Journal of Haemophilia Practice ◽

10.17225/jhp00095 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 81-82

Author(s):

Anne Wareing

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Systematic Review ◽

High Risk ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

School Setting ◽

Endocrine Disorders ◽

Bleeding Disorders ◽

School Based ◽

Bleeding Episodes

Abstract Rates of obesity are rising in the general population. People with haemophilia are at high risk for being overweight or obese, and may benefit from physical activity-based interventions. The school setting is an ideal environment to implement physical activity-based interventions as it greatly influences the first two decades of life. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the benefits of exercise for managing haemophilia, as well as possible restriction of physical activity by parents or carers due to a fear of increasing the number of bleeding episodes. Furthermore, schools and teachers may be uncertain of how to integrate physical activity for children with bleeding disorders. This article summarises the Cochrane Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders Group systematic review on ‘school-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 and considers published literature about the role of physical activity within haemophilia.’

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Role of C1858T Polymorphism of Lymphoid Tyrosine Phosphatase in Egyptian Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Current Diabetes Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573399814666180709102533 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 73-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wafaa Moustafa M. Abo El Fotoh ◽

Dina Abd El Razek Midan ◽

Abeer Hamdy El Shalakany

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽

Negative Regulator ◽

Egyptian Children ◽

Important Negative Regulator ◽

Different Populations ◽

1858T Allele ◽

Control Study

Background: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease. The Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-receptor 22 (PTPN22) gene is an important negative regulator of signal transduction through the T-cell Receptors (TCR). A PTPN22 polymorphism, C1858T, has been found to be a risk determinant for several autoimmune diseases, including T1DM, in different populations. Objective: The present study was aimed to analyze a possible association between the C1858T polymorphism in Egyptian children with T1DM. Methods: This case-control study included 240 children divided evenly between T1DM patients and controls. The PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction with Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Results: Both the 1858CΤ and 1858ΤΤ genotypes and the 1858T allele were found more frequently in patients (32.5% and 18.7%, respectively) than in controls (10% and 5.0%, respectively), P=0.013 and P=0.007, respectively. Among females, the 1858T allele was more common in patients (18%) than in controls (2.6%), P=0.014. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the PTPN22 1858T allele could be a T1DM susceptibility factor in the Egyptian population and that it might play a different role in susceptibility to T1DM according to gender in T1DM patients.

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Vertigo and Balance Disorders – The Role of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment: A Systematic Review

Complementary Medicine Research ◽

10.1159/000512673 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Marco Tramontano ◽

Giacomo Consorti ◽

Giovanni Morone ◽

Christian Lunghi

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Conventional Medicine ◽

Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment ◽

Specialist Care ◽

Balance Disorders ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Consultation And Referral ◽

Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Background: Balance disorders are among the most frequent reasons for consultation and referral to specialist care. Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT) can influence the proprioceptive system by inducing alterations in the proprioceptive stimuli, hence affecting postural control. Objective: The present systematic review aimed to explore the effects of OMT in managing patients with vertigo and balance disorders. Methods: MEDLINE (PubMed), ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched. Clinical trials and prospective observational studies were considered. Only studies that considered OMT as the main intervention, provided alone or combined with other interventions, were included. The methodological quality of the evidence was assessed with a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Five studies that enrolled a total of 114 subjects met our inclusion criteria. Overall, it has been observed that there is a positive effect on balance disorders through different outcomes in all of the included studies. Only two studies (9 subjects) mentioned low to moderate adverse events after OMT. Conclusions: OMT showed weak positive effects on balance function, encouraging the connection of conventional medicine and evidence-based complementary medicine for integrative clinical practice and interprofessional work. However, full-sized adequately powered randomized trials are required to determine the effectiveness of OMT for vertigo and balance disorders.

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miRNA-Mediated Immune Regulation in Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2020.606322 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Martin G. Scherm ◽

Carolin Daniel

Keyword(s):

Immune Regulation ◽

Islet Autoimmunity ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Individual Mirnas ◽

Promising Target ◽

And Function ◽

Improved Methods ◽

Specific Impact

The important role of microRNAs as major modulators of various physiological processes, including immune regulation and homeostasis, has been increasingly recognized. Consequently, aberrant miRNA expression contributes to the defective regulation of T cell development, differentiation, and function. This can result in immune activation and impaired tolerance mechanisms, which exert a cardinal function for the onset of islet autoimmunity and the progression to T1D. The specific impact of miRNAs for immune regulation and how miRNAs and their downstream targets are involved in the pathogenesis of islet autoimmunity and T1D has been investigated recently. These studies revealed that increased expression of individual miRNAs is involved in several layers of tolerance impairments, such as inefficient Treg induction and Treg instability. The targeted modulation of miRNAs using specific inhibitors, resulting in improved immune homeostasis, as well as improved methods for the targeting of miRNAs, suggest that miRNAs, especially in T cells, are a promising target for the reestablishment of immune tolerance.

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Increased levels of YKL-40 in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-66065/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wanwan Luo ◽

Lingmin Zhang ◽

Lingling Sheng ◽

Zhencheng Zhang ◽

Zaixing Yang

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Severe Degree ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) could be classified as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and others according to etiology and pathology. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious complications of DM. YKL-40 is a marker of inflammation and some studies have indicated that DM was related with inflammation. The objective of our study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to confirm the relationship between YKL-40 and DM as well as DN.Methods: Pubmed, Embase, CNKI and Chinese wanfang databases were searched for eligible studies by two independent authors. Studies were included in this meta-analysis if they fulfilled the following inclusion criteria: (1) a study involving the role of YKL-40 in DM (or DN) designed as a case-control study or cohort study; (2) the data of serum YKL-40 levels were available; (3) studies were published in English or Chinese.Results: Twenty-five studies involving 2498 DM patients and 1424 healthy controls were included. Compared with healthy controls, DM patients had significantly higher levels of YKL-40 (DM: SMD=1.62, 95%CI, 1.08 to 2.25, P=0.000; GDM: SMD=2.85, 95%CI, 1.01 to 4.70, P=0.002). Additionally, DM patients with different degree of albuminuria had significantly higher levels of YKL-40 compared with healthy controls (normoalbuminuria: SMD=1.58, 95%CI, 0.59 to 2.56, P=0.002; microalbuminuria: SMD=2.57, 95%CI, 0.92 to 4.22, P=0.002; macroalbuminuria: SMD=2.69, 95%CI, 1.40 to 3.98, P=0.000) and serum YKL-40 levels increased with increasing severity of albuminuria among DM patients (microalbuminuria vs normoalbuminuria: SMD=1.49, 95%CI, 0.28 to 2.71, P=0.016; macroalbuminuria vs microalbuminuria: SMD=0.93, 95%CI, 0.34 to 1.52, P=0.002).Conclusions: DM patients have higher levels of YKL-40 compared with healthy controls. Additionally, levels of YKL-40 are significantly higher in DM patients with different degree of albuminuria than in the healthy controls and the levels of YKL-40 are positively related with the severe degree of albuminuria. Therefore, our current meta-analysis suggests that their sera should be detected for YKL-40, if DM, especially DN, is suspected in patients.

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