scholarly journals SOCIAL INEQUALITY IN EDUCATION ANALYZED WITHIN VARIOUS THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS

2017 ◽  
pp. 025
Author(s):  
Lela Milošević Radulović ◽  
Suzana Marković Krstić
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Educational Capital ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Inequality In Education ◽  
The Relationship

The expansion of education and the mass inclusion of generations in certain levels of education have not reduced inequality in education. There have still been numerous causes and forms of social inequality, with far-reaching consequences. The consequences of social inequalities in education are very complex and are manifested in the form of reproduction of social inequality, that is, the self-reproduction of social stratification and the reproduction of economic inequality. Scientists working in various fields deal with the clarification of the problems of social inequality in education and everyone can, from their own standpoint, attempt to discover the basic causes of these inequalities so as to overcome them. In paper we have shown four current theoretical approaches to the problem of social inequality in education: the functionalist theory, radical theory, theory of educational capital and theory of cultural deprivation. Every approach from its own standpoint tries to indicate the relationship between the educational system and social structure, as well as the possibility of overcoming certain social inequality. Based on the analysis of the basic tenets of various theoretical approaches to inequality in education conceptualized the initial hypotheses as the foundation for the functioning of the educational system in the future, based on the principles of meritocracy.

scholarly journals Sport as Culture: Social class, styles of cultural consumption, and sports engagement in Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Gemar
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Sports Consumption ◽  
The Relationship

The consumption of culture has often been ascribed the power to reflect and reproduce social inequalities. However, most work in this area has focused upon music and the arts. Sport is an important element of culture that can and should be studied in a similar fashion as others (Bourdieu, 1978). This thesis thus seeks to bring the theoretical frameworks and analytical tools of sociologies of culture further into the realm of sport. Substantively, this thesis provides an updated and comprehensive re-examining of the relationship between direct sports participation and social stratification in the relatively unexplored national context of Canada. I also innovatively provide an examination of the relationship between social stratification and professional sports consumption. Finally, this thesis fills a gap in the literature by analysing where the consumption of sport fits within broader cultural lifestyles. For these investigations, I use large-scale survey data and various statistical methods to test the foundational theories of Pierre Bourdieu, the ‘omnivore’ thesis, and individualisation arguments of social action to explain these patterns. The findings show direct sports participation relying primarily on dispositions towards the body which are stratified by education and income, especially for the most elite sports. They also show the two most selective omnivorous profiles for professional sport, rather than the most omnivorous, with the highest levels of education and income. This thesis thus sheds doubt on the omnivore thesis within sport, while also showing elements of individualisation regarding age and sex differentiation in consumption. Sports consumption in Canada thus cuts across all three theories of the relation between socio-economic position and sport. These more delimitated consumption profiles contrast with the general adherence to the omnivore thesis within broader cultural lifestyles. This therefore suggests that sport may be a cultural domain where general omnivores practise more distinctive consumption.

Leave policies and social inequality in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 515-526
Author(s):  
Bila Sorj ◽  
Alexandre Fraga
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Paternity Leave ◽  
The Social ◽  
Leave Policy ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between leave policies and social inequalities. It seeks to analyze the historical course of maternity and paternity leave legislation in Brazil, and also provides quantitative evidence that access to leave is impacted by social stratification, revealing different inequalities. Design/methodology/approach To investigate access to leave policies, this study uses data from the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua Anual de 2017 (Annual National Continuous Household Sampling Survey of 2017), conducted by IBGE/Brazil. Findings The results point out the existence of inequalities in the conceptions of leave policies in Brazil, and lead to quantitative confirmation that access to leave is stratified and permeated by inequalities of gender, class, race and age. Social implications By pointing out the social inequalities resulting from the contributory scheme of maternity and paternity leave, the results of this paper may generate debate on the transformation of leave into a universal right of citizens and impact public policy agenda in the future. Originality/value This is the first Brazilian study to analyze the relationship between leave policy and social inequality through quantitative data, showing the existence of social stratification of gender, class, race and age concerning the employed population’s access to maternity and paternity leave.

Confinement risks and social inequality in Latin America: Evidence from Argentina

2021 ◽  
pp. 001139212199001
Author(s):  
Fiorella Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health And Well Being

Social distancing and isolation measures in response to COVID-19 have confined individuals to their homes and produced unexpected side-effects and secondary risks. In Latin America, the measures taken by individual governments to mitigate these new daily and experiential risks have varied significantly as have the responses to social isolation in each country. Given these new social circumstances, the purpose of this article is to investigate, from the sociological approach of risk-taking, the relationship between confinement, secondary risks and social inequality. The author argues that secondary risks, despite their broad scope, are deeply structured by social inequalities in contemporary societies, especially in developing countries. To corroborate this hypothesis, a quantitative comparative analysis is performed for the Argentine case. Using data from a web-survey and correspondence analysis (CA), there are three major findings: (1) there are some widespread experiences similarly distributed across all social strata, especially those related to emotional and subjective matters; (2) other risks follow socio-structural inequalities, especially those corresponding to material and cultural aspects of consumption; (3) for specific vulnerable groups, compulsory confinement causes great dilemmas of decision-making between health and well-being.

Social Inequalities

2019 ◽  
pp. 646-652
Author(s):  
Raj Kollmorgen
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Social inequality means the existence of social status groups and, therefore, a normatively embedded structure of social stratification. This chapter deals with social inequalities and their dynamics as conditional and causal factors and as results of processes of radical change. Concerning the first aspect, the chapter discusses social class inequalities and dynamics of (absolute) impoverishment, relative deprivation, and rising expectations among certain social groups that may determine ‘transformative’ pressure or even revolutionary situations. Regarding the impact of social transformations on social inequalities, the chapter suggests that the more radical and complex the social transformations, the greater are their effects on social structures and regimes of social inequality. This thesis is underpinned by providing empirical findings on social mobility and income inequality in different historical waves and (sub-)types of transformation. Finally, the chapter identifies seven crucial bundles of factors determining the extent of income inequality as an outcome of current societal transformations and their characteristics.

scholarly journals MUSICAL TASTE AND SYMBOLIC BOUNDARY-WORK IN SERBIAN SOCIETY

TEME ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1163
Author(s):  
Milica Resanovic
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Boundary Work ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Symbolic Boundaries ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Musical Taste ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Symbolic Boundary

This paper is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between social stratification and musical taste in present-day Serbia. Following a discussion about Bourdieu’s conceptualization of taste and contemporary theoretical approaches that rehabilitate Bourdieusian heritage, the presence of homology between social positions and musical tastes is tested in Serbian society. On the basis of collected qualitative material via interview, the author examines whether music serves as a symbolic mean that is used by the interviewees to place themselves in certain social groups by drawing symbolic boundaries between them and other social groups that are associated with other musical tastes. The analysis showed that there are differences in musical tastes among respondents based on their position on the stratification scale, manifested in choices and ways of listening to music, as well as that mechanisms of classification are hidden in speech about musical tastes.

scholarly journals Sociology of Social Structure and Sociologists Working in Totalitarian and Post-Totalitarian Regimes in Central Europe, 1945–1989

Stan Rzeczy ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 21-43
Author(s):  
Georges Mink
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Post War ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes

The model of society put forward by Marxist theoreticians as descriptive of a post-revolutionary society had a quasi-constitutional status in countries that claimed to adhere to Soviet-type socialism, particularly those of Eastern Europe. As the model’s main function was to legitimise the actions of those who wielded power, it acquired doctrinal significance. In the Eastern European countries, the history of the sociology of social structure and stratification clearly illustrates the conservative nature of official doctrine. However, the real mechanisms of society, in so far as they deviated from the official paradigm, upset doctrinal stability and may consequently have led, if not to a revision of the official dogmas, then to the acceptance of a certain degree of flexibility. In order to understand the development of the theoretical analysis of social stratification and social inequalities (the most sensitive area of debate) in totalitarian and post-totalitarian Soviet type societies, it must be noted that post-war sociology has reflected a continuing effort by sociologists to create an independent scientific framework for their discipline. This is why we try, in this article, to combine evaluating the attitudes of different Eastern European sociologists from across the political spectrum with the evolution and adaptation of their theoretical approaches and creativity.

Intersecting oppressions; intersecting struggles: Race, class and subalternity

2022 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Carley
Keyword(s):  
Political Organization ◽  
National Context ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Stuart Hall ◽  
Patricia Hill Collins ◽  
The Relationship

This article offers intersectional theories of racism another way to think about Gramsci’s work; it will explore how Gramsci operationalizes the category of subaltern groups. It begins by briefly reviewing how Gramsci’s work is discussed in contemporary theoretical approaches to racism in the work of Kimberlé Crenshaw, Patricia Hill Collins, Michael Omi and Howard Winant and Stuart Hall. It will stress important similarities regarding the relationship between structural and social forces, political ideologies and consciousness. It will note how both ‘intersectionality’ and ‘articulation’ (one variant of this concept discussed by Hall) show how racism can be amplified through the overlapping or overdetermination of identities, representations and societal effects. It continues by exploring how racism was overdetermined in the Italian national context during the time that Gramsci had lived (and relates it to contemporary theoretical frameworks that organize our understandings of race, racialization and racism). The article then explores how subalternity has been theorized away from the context in which Gramsci employed the term and interpreted, instead, from the twin perspectives of absolute domination and radical autonomy. The article concludes by reading subalternity alongside of race, class and as a substantive cultural question and, in addition, a question of strategy and political organization.

The Sociology of Inequality in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minor Mora-Salas
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
American Sociology ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

The study of social inequality has been one of the main topics of Latin American sociology since the second half of the twentieth century. It is possible to organize the academic trajectory of this field into three periods. During the first developmental phase, the research was inspired by comprehensive theoretical frameworks such as modernization theory, dependency theory, and structuralist-development theory; the historical-structural approach constituted the hegemonic analytical model. In a second period, the sociological approach was relegated to the background as the study of poverty and income distribution came to the fore. This shift owed as much to major economic and social changes that the region experienced as to the waning of the historical-structural paradigm. Finally, the sociological approach has gained renewed prominence in light of the changes that have occurred in the region at the end of the past century and the first two decades of the present one. During this period, Latin American sociology of inequality becomes more multifaceted and its theoretical approaches more complex as it incorporates new analytical perspectives to problematize the persistence and reconstitution of social inequality patterns in the region.

scholarly journals Organisation and Context, Efficiency and Equity of Educational Systems: What PISA Tells Us

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Duru-Bellat ◽  
Bruno Suchaut
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Educational System ◽  
International Student ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
High Degree

After describing both average scores, dispersion, and social inequalities in achievement in the various countries included in the latest Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) study, this article relates those ‘products' to country economic and cultural characteristics. It then explores relations between student scores and a number of institutional characteristics of countries' educational systems. Results show that relations exist between average scores and certain institutional or pedagogical practices such as grade repeating or tracking. A high degree of social inequality in achievement proves to be associated with overall score dispersion and degree to which educational system differentiates among students.

Russian social inequality as a factor of socio-political stability

2013 ◽  
pp. 68-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gontmakher
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The article analyzes Russian social inequality on the basis of data of domestic and international statistics and expert assessments. It introduces the terms “negative” and “positive” socio-political stability, exploring the relationship of present social inequalities with each of these types of stability. The author concludes that in the current situation the country’s development is on the way of “negative” stability, which creates serious risks of Russia’s entering an open socio-political crisis. The possibilities of avoiding the unfavorable scenario are discussed.

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