scholarly journals EL DERECHO A LA SALUD EN COMUNIDADES INDÍGENAS DEL ESTADO DE CHIAPAS

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iliana Amoroz Solaegui

Desde la perspectiva de los derechos humanos se analizan las políticas públicas en salud, el cumplimiento efectivo del derecho a la salud por parte del Estado hacia las actuales condiciones de salud y el acceso a los servicios de salud de los pueblos originarios en las regiones Altos, Norte y Selva del estado de Chiapas. Frente al desdibujamiento del Estado y los magros resultados de las políticas públicas en salud, los pueblos indígenas se enfrentan cada día al intento de acceder a los servicios de salud, a la subordinación y discriminación, condicionados por su pertenencia cultural, lingüística o política. Este trabajo muestra la grave situación de salud que viven en la actualidad los pueblos originarios ante un sistema de salud cada vez más deficiente e ineficaz. Asimismo comenta las posibilidades de la existencia de mecanismos que hagan exigible y justiciable el derecho a la salud por parte de la población y del Estado, y las demandas y alternativas que se han escuchado desde los pueblos, particularmente en relación con la salud donde los derechos fundamentales para ser efectivos tienen que adquirir un sentido más operacional para la gente y cuyo reto es político.   SUMMARYPublic health policies and the effective fulfillment on the part of the State of the right to health are analyzed from the human rights perspective with respect to the current health conditions and access to health services of the native peoples in the High Plains, North, and Forest (Altos, Norte, and Selva) regions of the state of Chiapas. In the context of the fading State and the meager results of public health policies, the indigenous peoples in their attempts to access health services are faced with subordination and discrimination, conditioned by their cultural, linguistic or political identity. This work demonstrates the grave health situation lived today by the indigenous peoples in the context of an increasingly deficient and ineffective health system. The possibilities of existence of mechanisms to make the right to health demandable and legally enforceable by the population and the State are discussed, as well as the demands and alternatives heard from the indigenous peoples, in particular in relation to health, in which the fundamental rights, in order to be effective, must acquire a more operational meaning for people. The challenge is political.  

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
León Felipe Morales Ariza ◽  
José Antonio Morales Notario

The Mexican Constitution establishes that everyone has the right to health protection and therefore, the law itself will define the bases and modalities for all to have access to health services. However, not everyone has access to quality medical services despite being in the supreme regulation. The State must understand that any alteration to health generates social security problems, mainly due to its consequences. The right to health is inalienable and does not distinguish between the social, economic, cultural or racial status of the individual. And, by stablishing it as a constitutional regulation, it amounted to an obligation of the State, which must provide quality services for all the society.  There are cases in which the right to health is violated, such as obstetrics, where pregnant women suffer the consequences of bad practices, or where minors are involved and their human rights are violated. We must focus our attention in the fact that their neglect has serious consequences and their impact generates human conditions that affect the dignity of the human being.


Author(s):  
Christian Whalen

AbstractArticle 24 reflects the perspective of the drafters that the right to health cannot be understood in narrow bio-medical terms or limited to the delivery of health services. Rather, in its reference, for example, to food, water, sanitation, and environmental dangers, it recognises the wider social and economic factors that influence and impact on the child’s state of health. Thus, the text of Article 24 sets out: a broad right to health for all children combined with a right of access to health services a priority focus on measures to address infant and child mortality, the provision of primary health care, nutritious food and clean drinking water, pre-natal and post-natal care, and preventive health care, including family planning the need for effective measures to abolish traditional practices harmful to children’s health a specific obligation on States Parties to cooperate internationally towards the realisation of the child’s right to health everywhere, having particular regard to the needs of developing countries. The right to health is a prime example of the interelatedness of child rights as it is contingent upon and informed by the realization of so many other rights guaranteed to children under the convention. This chapter analyses the child’s right to health in relation to four essential attributes. The first attribute of the child’s right to the highest attainable standard of health emphasizes what an exacting standard this human rights norm contains. Taking a social determinants of health perspective the right entails not just access to health services but programmatic supports in sanitation, transportation, education and other fields to guarantee the enjoyment of health. The second attribute focuses on the Basic minimum criteria of the right to health as reflected in Article 24(2). A third attribute is the insistence upon child health accountability mechanisms using the Availability, Accessibility, Acceptability and Quality Accountability Framework. Finally, given the wide discrepancies in enjoyment of children’s right to health across the globe, a fourth attribute focuses upon international cooperation to ensure equal access to the right to health.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Fairus Dwi Putri ◽  
Khaerul Umam Noer

This paper focuses on the lives of women scavengers heads of households and how the state guarantees the fulfillment of the right to health. Women are relatively more vulnerable to various risks related to their life cycle and role in the family; thus, their access to health insurance is an obligation that must be met by the government. This paper has two objectives: to map social life and, at the same time, analyze the accessibility of the Healthy Indonesia National Health Insurance Card for female head of household scavengers in TPA Cipayung, Depok City. Using qualitative methods, and focusing on five dimensions of accessibility: availability, accessibility, accommodation, affordability, and acceptance, this study found that all health insurance arrangements are still very problematic. Even though these women scavengers are protected by JKN-KIS PBI, in reality, they are still challenging to get access to health services, ranging from the availability of doctors, the scarcity of drugs, to the discrimination of health services. This shows that they have not yet received full health insurance, which has a direct impact on the social and economic lives of the scavengers.


Author(s):  
Cleide Fermentão ◽  
Pedro Henrique Sanches Aguera

AUSÊNCIA DE EFICÁCIA DO DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL À SAÚDE E A VULNERABILIDADE DAS PESSOAS QUE DEPENDEM DA SAÚDE PÚBLICA: ONDE ESTÁ A INVIOLABILIDADE DA DIGNIDADE HUMANA?  THE LACK OF EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT TO HEALTH AND THE VULNERABILITY OF PEOPLE WHO DEPEND ON PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES: WHERE IS THE INVIOLABILITY OF HUMAN DIGNITY?   Cleide Fermentão*Pedro Henrique Sanches Aguera**  Resumo: Neste ensaio, inicialmente aborda-se o desenvolvimento de conceitos de pessoa e de indivíduo que aqui são utilizados. Dessa forma, é correto afirmar a dignidade da pessoa humana e não a dignidade do indivíduo. Também se fundamenta que a finalidade principal do Direito é a proteção dos valores humanos, porque a pessoa humana é centro do Direito, e, portanto, deve ser respeitada a sua dignidade. Depois, afirma-se que a segunda geração de direitos fundamentais corresponde aos direitos sociais, econômicos e culturais, estando ligada diretamente a direitos prestacionais sociais do Estado perante o indivíduo. A segunda geração difere das demais gerações pelo fato de o Estado passar a ter a obrigação de possibilitar à pessoa humana o seu desenvolvimento. A Constituição Federal brasileira de 1988 regulamentou os direitos de segunda geração, incluindo o direito à saúde como um direito social. É a saúde um direito fundamental de segunda geração e, ao mencionar o dispositivo que ele é um direito de todos, é ele tanto um direito individual como coletivo. Há o dever fundamental de prestação de saúde por parte do Estado, inclusive com  a formulação de políticas públicas, devendo o Estado criar meios para que todos possam usufruir do mesmo. Na medida em que ficou determinado pelo constituinte um sistema universal de acesso aos serviços públicos de saúde, foi reforçada a ideia de responsabilidade solidária entre os entes da federação. Surge o problema aqui apontado das questões ligadas à implementação e à manutenção das políticas públicas de saúde já existentes. Estando a dignidade da pessoa humana ligada aos direitos fundamentais de segunda geração e sendo ela o princípio norteador do ordenamento jurídico, poderia-se imaginar que qualquer pessoa teria sua dignidade garantida, se tivesse seus direitos sociais assegurados, incluído o direito à saúde. Palavras-chave: Direito à Saúde. Dignidade da Pessoa Humana. Direto fundamental de 2º Geração. Dever do Estado. Políticas Públicas. Abstract: In this essay, initially it is addressed the development of the concepts of person and individual that are used here. Thus, it is correct to affirm the dignity of the human person and not the dignity of the individual. Also, it is justified that the main purpose of the Law is the protection of human values, because the human person is the center of the Law, and therefore its dignity must be respected. Then it is said that the second generation of fundamental rights corresponds to the social, economic, and cultural rights, being bound directly to social rights to State positive actions to the individual. The second generation differs from other generations by the fact the State go on to have a duty to enable the human person to develop. The Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988 regulates the rights of second generation, including the right to health as a social right. The right to health is a fundamental right of second generation, and, by stating a constitutional clause that it is a right for everyone, it is both an individual and collective right. There is the fundamental duty of providing health care by the State, including the elaboration of public policies, and the State must provide for everyone to avail themselves of it. In the extent that the constituent determined a universal system of access to public health services, the idea of joint liability between the federal entities has been reinforced. The problem here pointed of the issues associated with implementation and maintenance of existing public health policies arises. Being human dignity bound to the fundamental rights of second generation, and being it the guiding principle of the legal system, one would imagine that anyone would have guaranteed their dignity if they had their social rights, including the right to health, ensured. Palavras-chave: Direito à Saúde. Dignidade da Pessoa Humana. Direto fundamental de 2º Geração. Dever do Estado. Políticas Pública. Sumário: Introdução. 1. Indivíduo e Pessoa Detentores do Direito à Saúde. 1.1. Indivíduo. 1.2 Pessoa. 2. Direito à Saúde como Direito Fundamental Social de 2º Geração. 3. Proteção Constitucional do Direito à Saúde. 4. Dignidade da Pessoa Humana, Direito da Personalidade e o Direito à Saúde. Considerações Finais. Referências.*  Doutora em Direitos Sociais pela Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). Mestre em Direito Civil pela Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Paraná (UEM). Professora do Programa de Mestrado, Especialização e Graduação do Centro Universitário de Maringá, Paraná (Unicesumar), e da Faculdade Metropolitana de Maringá, Paraná (Famma).**  Mestrando do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Jurídicas (PPGCJ) do Centro Universitário de Maringá, Paraná (Unicesumar), com bolsa CAPES. Pós-Graduado em Direito Processual Civil pela Faculdade de Direito Damásio de Jesus.  Pós-Graduado em Direito Empresarial pelo Centro Universitário de Maringá, Paraná (Unicesumar).


Lentera Hukum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Dewi Rokhmah ◽  
Khoiron Khoiron ◽  
Ristya Widi Endah Yani

Increased HIV prevalence in gay populations is a warning that needs to get government attention. AIDS prevention programs in gay populations have been implementing various methods to change high-risk behavior. However, HIV prevalence in gay populations continues to rise. The Indonesian Constitution affirms human rights, including the right to life, the right against discrimination, and other fundamental rights protected by the state. The research results showed that the fulfillment of the right to health in gay is not going well or less effective. It was evidenced by the percentage of gay that reaches out to health services was still limited. Gays were reluctant to access health services because of the lack of confidentiality and privacy of the services of health workers, the general public, and the limited facilities. Besides, stigma and discrimination are still often received both from health workers and families and communities. They worried other gays would know the result of the test of VCT. There is a need for standardization of services at all subdistrict health centers and hospitals providing VCT services for gay in Jember. KEYWORDS: Constitutional Rights, Human Rights, the Right to Health.


2021 ◽  
pp. 096973302199604
Author(s):  
Tatianne dos Santos Perez Both ◽  
Laís Alves de Souza ◽  
Elen Ferraz Teston ◽  
Antonio Rodrigues Ferreira Júnior ◽  
Maria Elizabeth Araújo Ajalla ◽  
...  

Background: The concept of the right to health includes decent conditions of work, housing, and leisure. It can be assessed through the evaluation of access to health services and programs. The creation of the Brazilian Unified Health System expanded access to healthcare for the entire Brazilian population. Aim: This study aimed to understand the use of the Brazilian Unified Health System by pregnant women who live on the Brazil–Paraguay border, whose residents are known as Braziguayans. Methods: We conducted 16 semi-structured interviews with users of prenatal services at Unified Health System units located at the border of the municipalities of Ponta Porã and Pedro Juan Caballero. Ethical considerations: The Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul approved of this research. All participants were provided with project information and signed an informed consent form. Findings: Through content analysis of the interviews, “right to health” and “autonomy, pathways, and access” were two recurrent themes that have arisen. These suggested that Braziguayan women live in conditions of social vulnerability. They do not fully experience the right to healthcare, despite sufficient knowledge about the Brazilian and Paraguayan healthcare systems from which to choose prenatal care. The interviewees acknowledged that Unified Health System use is a right of Brazilian citizens and considered its units to be safe environments. These women also understand the structuring of Unified Health System and the mechanisms of accessing healthcare programs. Conclusion: We can conclude that, despite widely known difficulties, Unified Health System represents, for Braziguayan women, potential access to reliable health services for adequate prenatal and childbirth assistance.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-62
Author(s):  
D. N. Parajuli

 Reproductive rights are fundamental rights and freedoms relating to reproduction and reproductive health that vary amongst countries around the world, but have a commonality about the protection, preservation and promotion of a woman‘s reproductive health rights. Reproductive rights include the right to autonomy and self-determination , the right of everyone to make free and informed decisions and have full control over their body, sexuality, health, relationships, and if, when and with whom to partner, marry and have children , without any form of discrimination, stigma, coercion or violence. The access and availability of reproductive health services are limited due to geography and other issues, non-availability and refusal of reproductive health services may lead to serious consequences. The State need to ensure accessibility, availability, safe and quality reproductive health services and address the lifecycle needs of women and girls and provide access of every young women and girls to comprehensive sexuality education based on their evolving capacity as their human rights, through its inclusion and proper implementation in school curriculum, community-based awareness program and youth led mass media. It is necessary for strengthening compliance, in a time-bound manner, with international human rights standards that Nepal has ratified that protect, promote, and fulfill the basic human rights and reproductive health rights in Nepal and also need to review standards and conventions that Nepal has had reservations about or those that have been poorly implemented in the country.


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