scholarly journals Vibration analysis system applied to fault detection in wind turbines

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
José Rafael Sánchez Soto ◽  
Adriana del Carmen Téllez Anguiano ◽  
Ricardo Fabricio Escobar Jimenez ◽  
Gerardo Marx Chávez Campos ◽  
José Antonio Gutiérrez Gnecchi
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Online Measurements ◽  
Wind Energy Potential ◽  
Statistical Frequency ◽  
Structural Failures ◽  
Analysis System

Wind power is one of the most important renewable energy sources due to its vast availability. Wind turbines are the equipment required to take advantage of the wind energy potential; therefore, a low reliability of these turbines limits the maximum power obtained from the wind. Different techniques and methodologies have been developed to monitor and detect failures in wind turbines in order to prevent undesirable conditions due to different operating conditions. This work presents a system designed to detect failures in wind turbines caused by mechanical vibrations, this system allows to diagnose, online, different structural failures in the wind turbine through a statistical frequency analysis based on LabView and Matlab. The designed system is validated by online measurements, obtained by 3-axis vibrations sensors in a domestic wind turbine. A graphical interface is developed in LabView in order to facilitate the online location and isolation of the detected failures.

The wind energy potential in Kudat Malaysia by considering the levelized cost of energy for combined wind turbine capacities

2020 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2093700
Author(s):  
A Albani ◽  
MZ Ibrahim ◽  
KH Yong ◽  
ZM Yusop ◽  
MA Jusoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Levelized Cost ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Wind Energy Potential ◽  
Wind Park ◽  
Utility Scale

This paper presents the wind energy potential at Kudat Malaysia by considering the Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) model for combined wind turbine capacities. The combination of small- and utility-scale wind turbines is the key to the success of the operation of a wind park in the lower wind speed region. In a combination approach, the small-scale wind turbines provide the power required by the utility-scale wind turbines to start the blade rotation. For this reason, the particular closed-form equation was modified to determine the LCOE of a wind park with combined turbine capacities. The modified LCOE model can be used as a basis for setting tariff rates or define the economic feasibility of wind energy projects with combined wind turbine capacities.

scholarly journals Monitoring Wind Turbine Gearbox with Echo State Network Modeling and Dynamic Threshold Using SCADA Vibration Data

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wu ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Guoqian Jiang ◽  
Ping Xie ◽  
Xiaoli Li
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Threshold ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Echo State Network ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Vibration Data ◽  
Static Monitoring ◽  
Threshold Monitoring

Health monitoring of wind turbine gearboxes has gained considerable attention as wind turbines become larger in size and move to more inaccessible locations. To improve the reliability, extend the lifetime of the turbines, and reduce the operation and maintenance cost caused by the gearbox faults, data-driven condition motoring techniques have been widely investigated, where various sensor monitoring data (such as power, temperature, and pressure, etc.) have been modeled and analyzed. However, wind turbines often work in complex and dynamic operating conditions, such as variable speeds and loads, thus the traditional static monitoring method relying on a certain fixed threshold will lead to unsatisfactory monitoring performance, typically high false alarms and missed detections. To address this issue, this paper proposes a reliable monitoring model for wind turbine gearboxes based on echo state network (ESN) modeling and the dynamic threshold scheme, with a focus on supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) vibration data. The aim of the proposed approach is to build the turbine normal behavior model only using normal SCADA vibration data, and then to analyze the unseen SCADA vibration data to detect potential faults based on the model residual evaluation and the dynamic threshold setting. To better capture temporal information inherent in monitored sensor data, the echo state network (ESN) is used to model the complex vibration data due to its simple and fast training ability and powerful learning capability. Additionally, a dynamic threshold monitoring scheme with a sliding window technique is designed to determine dynamic control limits to address the issue of the low detection accuracy and poor adaptability caused by the traditional static monitoring methods. The effectiveness of the proposed monitoring method is verified using the collected SCADA vibration data from a wind farm located at Inner Mongolia in China. The results demonstrated that the proposed method can achieve improved detection accuracy and reliability compared with the traditional static threshold monitoring method.

scholarly journals Holistic simulation of wind turbines with fully aero-elastic and electrical model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Wiens ◽  
Sebastian Frahm ◽  
Philipp Thomas ◽  
Shoaib Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Elastic Model ◽  
Electrical Model ◽  
Holistic Model ◽  
Electric System ◽  
Electrical Components

AbstractRequirements for the design of wind turbines advance facing the challenges of a high content of renewable energy sources in the public grid. A high percentage of renewable energy weaken the grid and grid faults become more likely, which add additional loads on the wind turbine. Load calculations with aero-elastic models are standard for the design of wind turbines. Components of the electric system are usually roughly modeled in aero-elastic models and therefore the effect of detailed electrical models on the load calculations is unclear. A holistic wind turbine model is obtained, by combining an aero-elastic model and detailed electrical model into one co-simulation. The holistic model, representing a DFIG turbine is compared to a standard aero-elastic model for load calculations. It is shown that a detailed modelling of the electrical components e.g., generator, converter, and grid, have an influence on the results of load calculations. An analysis of low-voltage-ride-trough events during turbulent wind shows massive increase of loads on the drive train and effects the tower loads. Furthermore, the presented holistic model could be used to investigate different control approaches on the wind turbine dynamics and loads. This approach is applicable to the modelling of a holistic wind park to investigate interaction on the electrical level and simultaneously evaluate the loads on the wind turbine.

Wind Turbine Aerodynamic Braking System Analysis Using Chord Wise Spacing

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Navin Kumar ◽  
K.M. Parammasivam
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Extreme Wind ◽  
Wind Potential

Wind energy is one of the most significant renewable energy sources in the world. It is the only promising renewable energy resource that only can satisfy the nation’s energy requirements over the growing demand for electricity. Wind turbines have been installed all over the wind potential areas to generate electricity. The wind turbines are designed to operate at a rated wind velocity. When the wind turbines are exposed to extreme wind velocities such as storm or hurricane, the wind turbine rotates at a higher speed that affects the structural stability of the entire system and may topple the system. Mechanical braking systems and Aerodynamic braking systems have been currently used to control the over speeding of the wind turbine at extreme wind velocity. As a novel approach, it is attempted to control the over speeding of the wind turbine by aerodynamic braking system by providing the chord wise spacing (opening). The turbine blade with chord wise spacing alters the pressure distribution over the turbine blade that brings down the rotational speed of the wind turbine within the allowable limit. In this approach, the over speeding of the wind turbine blades are effectively controlled without affecting the power production. In this paper the different parameters of the chord wise spacing such as position of the spacing, shape of the spacing, width of the spacing and impact on power generation are analyzed and the spacing parameters are experimentally optimized.

scholarly journals Wind Data Analysis and Wind Flow Simulation Over Large Areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Angel Terziev ◽  
Ivan Antonov ◽  
Rositsa Velichkova
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Flow ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Wind Potential ◽  
Wind Energy Potential ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Increasing the share of renewable energy sources is one of the core policies of the European Union. This is because of the fact that this energy is essential in reducing the greenhouse gas emissions and securing energy supplies. Currently, the share of wind energy from all renewable energy sources is relatively low. The choice of location for a certain wind farm installation strongly depends on the wind potential. Therefore the accurate assessment of wind potential is extremely important. In the present paper an analysis is made on the impact of significant possible parameters on the determination of wind energy potential for relatively large areas. In the analysis the type of measurements (short- and long-term on-site measurements), the type of instrumentation and the terrain roughness factor are considered. The study on the impact of turbulence on the wind flow distribution over complex terrain is presented, and it is based on the real on-site data collected by the meteorological tall towers installed in the northern part of Bulgaria. By means of CFD based software a wind map is developed for relatively large areas. Different turbulent models in numerical calculations were tested and recommendations for the usage of the specific models in flows modeling over complex terrains are presented. The role of each parameter in wind map development is made. Different approaches for determination of wind energy potential based on the preliminary developed wind map are presented.

scholarly journals Foundations, Design, and Dynamic Performance of Wind Turbines: Overview and Challenges in Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Ruba Asim Hamza ◽  
Amged Osman Abdelatif
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Scaled Model ◽  
Static Loads ◽  
Design Loads ◽  
Foundation Type

Sudan is one of the developing countries that suffers from a lack of electricity, where the national electrification rate is estimated at 38.5%. In order to solve this problem, it is possible to use renewable energy sources such as wind energy. Beside many aspects to be considered at the design of wind turbine foundations, more attention should be given to the geotechnical part. There are many types of foundations for wind turbines. The foundation must satisfy two design criteria: 1) It should be safe against bearing failure in soils under design loads and settlements during the life of the structure must not cause structural damage; 2) In addition to static loads, wind turbine foundations loads are extremely eccentrically and the loading is usually highly dynamic. Therefore, the selection of foundation type should consider these two criteria taking into account the nature and magnitude of these loads. This paper presents a review of different types of wind turbine foundations of focusing on on-shore wind turbine foundation types and the dynamic response of wind turbine. The paper also demonstrate experimentally the dynamic response of the wind turbines using wind tunnel facility test on a scaled model.  

scholarly journals Prognostics-based adaptive control strategy for lifetime control of wind turbines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Kipchirchir ◽  
Manh Hung Do ◽  
Jackson Githu Njiri ◽  
Dirk Söffker
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Rotor Blades ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Structural Loading

Abstract. Variability of wind profiles in both space and time is responsible for fatigue loading in wind turbine components. Advanced control methods for mitigating structural loading in these components have been proposed in previous works. These also incorporate other objectives like speed and power regulation for above-rated wind speed operation. In recent years, lifetime control and extension strategies have been proposed to guaranty power supply and operational reliability of wind turbines. These control strategies typically rely on a fatigue load evaluation criteria to determine the consumed lifetime of these components, subsequently varying the control set-point to guaranty a desired lifetime of the components. Most of these methods focus on controlling the lifetime of specific structural components of a wind turbine, typically the rotor blade or tower. Additionally, controllers are often designed to be valid about specific operating points, hence exhibit deteriorating performance in varying operating conditions. Therefore, they are not able to guaranty a desired lifetime in varying wind conditions. In this paper an adaptive lifetime control strategy is proposed for controlled ageing of rotor blades to guaranty a desired lifetime, while considering damage accumulation level in the tower. The method relies on an online structural health monitoring system to vary the lifetime controller gains based on a State of Health (SoH) measure by considering the desired lifetime at every time-step. For demonstration, a 1.5 MW National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) reference wind turbine is used. The proposed adaptive lifetime controller regulates structural loading in the rotor blades to guaranty a predefined damage level at the desired lifetime without sacrificing on the speed regulation performance of the wind turbine. Additionally, significant reduction in the tower fatigue damage is observed.

scholarly journals Modeling and simulation of forces applied to the horizontal axis wind turbine rotors by the vortex method coupled with the method of the blade element

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Ibtissem Barkat ◽  
Abdelouahab Benretem ◽  
Fawaz Massouh ◽  
Issam Meghlaoui ◽  
Ahlem Chebel
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Vortex Method ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Horizontal Axis ◽  
Rotor Blades ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Blade Element

This article aims to study the forces applied to the rotors of horizontal axis wind turbines. The aerodynamics of a turbine are controlled by the flow around the rotor, or estimate of air charges on the rotor blades under various operating conditions and their relation to the structural dynamics of the rotor are critical for design. One of the major challenges in wind turbine aerodynamics is to predict the forces on the blade as various methods, including blade element moment theory (BEM), the approach that is naturally adapted to the simulation of the aerodynamics of wind turbines and the dynamic and models (CFD) that describes with fidelity the flow around the rotor. In our article we proposed a modeling method and a simulation of the forces applied to the horizontal axis wind rotors turbines using the application of the blade elements method to model the rotor and the vortex method of free wake modeling in order to develop a rotor model, which can be used to study wind farms. This model is intended to speed up the calculation, guaranteeing a good representation of the aerodynamic loads exerted by the wind.

Wind resource assessment and wind farm modeling in Mossobo-Harena area, North Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 0309524X2092540
Author(s):  
Addisu Dagne Zegeye
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Wind Energy Potential

Although Ethiopia does not have significant fossil fuel resource, it is endowed with a huge amount of renewable energy resources such as hydro, wind, geothermal, and solar power. However, only a small portion of these resources has been utilized so far and less than 30% of the nation’s population has access to electricity. The wind energy potential of the country is estimated to be up to 10 GW. Yet less than 5% of this potential is developed so far. One of the reasons for this low utilization of wind energy in Ethiopia is the absence of a reliable and accurate wind atlas and resource maps. Development of reliable and accurate wind atlas and resource maps helps to identify candidate sites for wind energy applications and facilitates the planning and implementation of wind energy projects. The main purpose of this research is to assess the wind energy potential and model wind farm in the Mossobo-Harena site of North Ethiopia. In this research, wind data collected for 2 years from Mossobo-Harena site meteorological station were analyzed using different statistical software to evaluate the wind energy potential of the area. Average wind speed and power density, distribution of the wind, prevailing direction, turbulence intensity, and wind shear profile of the site were determined. Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program was used to generate the generalized wind climate of the area and develop resource maps. Wind farm layout and preliminary turbine micro-sitting were done by taking various factors into consideration. The IEC wind turbine class of the site was determined and an appropriate wind turbine for the study area wind climate was selected and the net annual energy production and capacity factor of the wind farm were determined. The measured data analysis conducted indicates that the mean wind speed at 10 and 40 m above the ground level is 5.12 and 6.41 m/s, respectively, at measuring site. The measuring site’s mean power density was determined to be 138.55 and 276.52 W/m2 at 10 and 40 m above the ground level, respectively. The prevailing wind direction in the site is from east to south east where about 60% of the wind was recorded. The resource grid maps developed by Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program on a 10 km × 10 km area at 50 m above the ground level indicate that the selected study area has a mean wind speed of 5.58 m/s and a mean power density of 146 W/m2. The average turbulence intensity of the site was found to be 0.136 at 40 m which indicates that the site has a moderate turbulence level. According to the resource assessment done, the area is classified as a wind Class IIIB site. A 2-MW rated power ENERCON E-82 E2 wind turbine which is an IEC Class IIB turbine with 82 m rotor diameter and 98 m hub height was selected for estimation of annual energy production on the proposed wind farm. 88 ENERCON E-82 E2 wind turbines were properly sited in the wind farm with recommended spacing between the turbines so as to reduce the wake loss. The rated power of the wind farm is 180.4 MW and the net annual energy production and capacity factor of the proposed wind farm were determined to be 434.315 GWh and 27.48% after considering various losses in the wind farm.

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