scholarly journals Devolatilization of a particle coal in a plasma reactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Diaz Gomez ◽  
Joel Pacheco Sotelo ◽  
Ricardo Valdivia Barrientos ◽  
Marquidia Pacheco Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Volatile Component ◽  
Plasma Jet ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Jet Stability ◽  
Coal Mixture ◽  
Coal Particles ◽  
Jet Plasma

In this paper, a warm plasma reactor is used to increase the discharge by the addition of 3 different nitrogen-coal carbon mixtures. An experimental study was carried out to determine the temperatures profile in a jet plasma along the chamber, according to nitrogen/coal ratio and power consumption. The coal particle was also characterized in function of its size. An important effect when the volatile components released from the coal is manifested and passing through the plasma jet, this produce the plasma jet increase. This effect has a great importance to performance improvement in plasma reactor profitable for greenhouse gas (GHG) treatment. As a consequence, the high temperature surrounding the plasma jet, augments the degradation capacity. The experimental analysis, the kinetic parameters of the combustion of nitrogen-coal mixture was taking in consideration, as well as the appearence of a considerable amount of new radicals. In addition, increasing the plasma jet has a significant impact on the overall reactor performance of coal particles that release volatile component. This allows promp increase and much enhanced plasma jet stability. The aim of the study was to evaluate and develop a model in order to know the temperature behavior in a plasma jet. Different sizes of coal particles at specific rate of 5 slm (standard liter per minute) of a nitrogrn-coal mixture have been simulated in this model. The advantages of this technique is to simulate other sizes of particle and obtaining the best condition and operating parameters of plasma reactor.

Volatile component analysis in infant formula using SPME coupled with GC×GC-TOFMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (39) ◽  
pp. 5017-5022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Chengjie Wang ◽  
Xu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Volatile Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Volatile Components

Analysis of infant formula volatile components for quality evaluation using SPME coupled with GC×GC-TOFMS.

scholarly journals Thermodynamics of formation and evaporation of lead-tin alloys

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
S. A. Trebukhov ◽  
◽  
V. N. Volodin ◽  
O. V. Ulanova ◽  
A. V. Nitsenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Volatile Component ◽  
State Diagram ◽  
Thermodynamic Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Entire Concentration Range ◽  
Tin Alloys ◽  
Physicochemical Data

Only a few works have been devoted to thermodynamic studies of the lead-tin system by methods including the volatile components evaporation process. When the binary system is separated into metals by distillation, the volatile component is removed from the alloy and the low-volatile component accumulates in the bottom products, that is, there are alloy composition changes over the entire concentration range. It is necessary to know the boundaries position of the melt and vapor coexistence fields on the state diagram, especially for solutions beneficiated with non-volatile metal to assess the quality of the vapor phase by the content of the low-volatile component. In this regard, the study has been completed with the purpose to clarify the values of the thermodynamic functions of the formation and evaporation of lead-tin melts required to calculate the boundaries of the liquid and vapor coexistence fields on the state diagram that enables us to judge the amount of a low-volatile component in the vapor phase under equilibrium conditions. The thermodynamic activity of lead was calculated, as well as the numerical integration of the Gibbs-Duhem equation using the substitution proposed by Darken is the thermodynamic activity and pressure of saturated tin vapor Based on the values of the saturated lead vapor pressure, determined by the boiling point method (isothermal version) for alloys predominantly of the lead edge of the phase diagram. The thermodynamic constants thus obtained will add to the base of physicochemical data and will be used to calculate the boundaries of the vapor-liquid equilibrium fields on the phase diagram, allowing to determine the possibility and completeness of the distillation separation of metals.

scholarly journals TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS FOR DECREASING NOX EMISSIONS AT COAL THERMAL ELECTRIC POWER STATIONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
H. V. Koshlak ◽  
A. M. Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Molecular Nitrogen ◽  
Coke Residue ◽  
Pulverized Coal ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Flammability Limit ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Coal Mixture ◽  
Technical Solutions

Most power-generating units at the Ukrainian thermal electric power stations were designed to burn hard coal mined in Ukraine, but today due to physical depreciation of the stations, those units are in non-project manoeuvring peaking operation what leads to the increase in both the specific fuel equivalent consumption and in harmful environmental emissions. The purpose of the research is to develop recommendations on the selection of optimal technical solutions aimed at reducing NOx emissions of oxides at the operating boilers of Burshtyn thermal electric power stations (TEPS) under the conditions of regime-technological measures. The article analyzes the main approaches to developing and selecting technological methods aimed at reducing emissions of coal thermal power stations and identifies prospects for their work in accordance with modern environmental requirements.  The mechanisms of the transformations the organic fuel bound nitrogen undergoes when heated are determined. To reduce the amount of NOx emissions in combustion products, it is offered to apply the regime-technological mode of the preliminary heating the pulverized coal mixture. The results of thermo chemical studies of coal samples used at Burshtyn TEPS are presented. The temperature ranges are determined at which the maximum emissions of volatile combustible compounds takes place before to the upper flammability limit of the pulverized coal mixture is reached. It was determined that under the conditions of actual burning process, there is a clear sequence: a release of volatile components and burning of the coke residue; heating of the pulverized coal mixture; emission of volatile combustible compounds; their burning; heating of the coke residue up to initiation of its combustion; the coke residue burning-out. A pulverized coal stream is brought into the furnace without being preliminary mixed up with air. While burning the pulverized coal stream, fuel particles are heated and degassed in the zone immediately adjacent to the burner section where there is a shortage of oxygen, whereas the oxygen concentration in the flow is a gradually increasing.     The regime-technological measures that are aimed at inhibiting NOx oxides formation by preliminary heat treatment of the pulverized coal mixture; they make it possible to obtain the maximum emissions of volatile combustible compounds before the upper flammability limit of the pulverized coal mixture is reached. It was found out that heat treatment should be carried out at temperature from 540-580° C. This is the temperatures range when the maximum emission of volatile combustible compounds takes place. After this combustion occur in an environment that is practically devoid of oxygen, where competing reactions of formation of volatile components and molecular nitrogen occur simultaneously. Thereafter, combustion can proceed in the practically oxygen-free environment with competing parallel reactions the forming volatile components and molecular nitrogen. This method allows to almost halving the concentration of nitrogen oxides in flue gases.

OPTIMIZATION OF NON THERMAL PLASMA REACTOR PERFORMANCE FOR THE DECOMPOSITION OF XYLENE

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Faraliana Shazwani Nor Azmi ◽  
Abdullahi Mohammed Evuti ◽  
Mohd Ariffin Abu Hassan ◽  
R. K. Raja Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma ◽  
Discharge Gap

Non Thermal Plasma (NTP) is an emerging method used for the decomposition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This research focuses on the optimization of NTP reactor performance for decomposition of xylene from wastewater using response surface methodology (RSM) by operating the NTP reactor at applied voltage of 12-15 kV, discharge gap of 2.0-3.0 cm and gas flow rate of 2.0-5.0 L/min. An optimum xylene removal efficiency of 81.98% was obtained at applied voltage 15kV, discharge gap 2.09cm and gas flow rate at 2.36 L/min. The experimental removal efficiencies and model predictions were in close agreement with an error of 0.63%. 

Study on Coking during the Pyrolysis of Coal to Acetylene in the Plasma

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 825-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yu Tian ◽  
Ying Yun Qiao ◽  
Ke Chang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Plasma Jet ◽  
Arc Plasma ◽  
Plasma Power ◽  
Plasma Reaction

The research of all kinds of factors is put up on the inner coking of coal in the plasma reactor during the processing of pyrolysis of coal to acetylene, includ cooking phenomenon, coal of property, coal of grain degree, enter anticipate a speed , power and equip structure. In the arc plasma jet, different kind of coal has different coking character. The aromatics, colloids, asphaltene and carbenes are the precursors of the cokes.The mostly reasons of coking in the plasma reaction equipment are the particle size, the feeding velocity, the power of plasma and the structure of equipment. With the increasing of feeding velocity, the coking of system becomes worse. When the particle size is less than 80~100 mesh, the system will not produce cokes. When the particle size is about 100~120 mesh, the system will begin to produce cokes. When the particle size is larger than 140 mesh, the system will produce a lot of cokes.With the increasing of plasma power, the speed of coking will become smaller.

Untersuchungen an stromstarken Kapillarentladungen. Teil II: Kinematische, elektrische und Druck-Messungen / Investigations on High Current Capillary-Discharges. Part II: Kinematic, Electric and Pressure Measurements

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-525
Author(s):  
Horst Ehrich ◽  
Hans Jürgen Kusch
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Plasma Jet ◽  
Front Velocity ◽  
Pressure Probe ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
High Current ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Streaming Velocity ◽  
Jet Plasma

AbstractHigh-current discharges through "Plexiglas" capillaries are investigated with several methods. The front velocity of the plasma jet is obtained by cinematographic techniques, and the streaming velocity by admixing sodium to the jet plasma. Piezoelectric pressure measurements lead, in agreement with other methods, to values of 120 atm at 10 kamps (2 mm diameter of the capillary) ; special care was taken for the dynamical calibration of the pressure probe. From electrical measurements, the electrical conductivity is obtained and compared with theoretical calculations.

Thermal characteristics of three-jet plasma reactor

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Rudneva ◽  
G. V. Galevskii ◽  
S. G. Galevskii ◽  
E. K. Yurkova
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Jet Plasma

Research of CBN Film and its Application Prospect on Cutting Tool

2012 ◽  
Vol 499 ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Zhen Hua Qing ◽  
Dun Wen Zuo ◽  
X.H. Zhang ◽  
F. Xu ◽  
L. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cubic Boron Nitride ◽  
Tool Material ◽  
Plasma Jet ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Plasma Cvd ◽  
Jet Plasma ◽  
Commercial Applications

Tool material has been one of the focuses in tool research. Diamond and cubic boron nitride (c-BN) are materials of exceptional and very similar properties that make them extremely valuable not only for the aesthetics of diamond. C-BN is a material synthesized rather recently that has rapidly spurred technological and scientific interest. Presently, both materials have found commercial applications. There is still a long way for the practical application of cBN film. The main problems are such as adhesion, thickness, purity, nucleating, and growth mechanism. We will develop a new way of DC plasma jet CVD way to synthesis the cBN film. The deposition of cBN films can be performed in a DC jet plasma CVD reactor by using an Ar-N2-BF3-H2 gas mixture, on the basis of deposition of diamond has been achieved.

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