scholarly journals MURCIÉLAGOS (CHIROPTERA) EN ÁREAS VERDES URBANAS DE LA CIUDAD DE TEPIC, NAYARIT, MÉXICO

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Ramírez-Silva ◽  
Elsa Jazmín Lugo-Gil
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Artibeus Jamaicensis ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
Artibeus Lituratus ◽  
The City

ResumenLos murciélagos desempeñan un papel fundamental en los ecosistemas, ya que efectúan múltiples interacciones bióticas como la dispersión de semillas, polinización y el control de plagas, además de que poseen hábitos alimenticios muy variados. En Nayarit se han registrado 67 especies de quirópteros, pero ningún estudio se ha enfocado en las zonas urbanas del estado. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la diversidad y abundancia de murciélagos en las áreas verdes de la zona urbana de Tepic, Nayarit. Se realizó un muestro en nueve sitios empleando una red de 12 metros, colocada de 18:00 h a 23:00 h., durante el periodo de noviembre del 2015 a noviembre del 2016, en el cual se acumuló un total de 45 horas/red. Se muestrearon tres tipos de hábitat urbanos: plazas, zanjones y parques. Con los datos recabados se estimó el índice de diversidad alfa de Shannon y se realizó una prueba de t modificada por Hutchenson para comparar los distintos ecosistemas. Se registraron tres especies de murciélagos (Artibeus lituratus, Artibeus jamaicensis y Artibeus hirsutus). Los parques resultaron el ecosistema que registró la mayor diversidad y abundancia de murciélagos, mientras que la especie que se documentó con mayor frecuencia fue A. lituratus.Palabras clave: ambientes antropizados, parques urbanos, quirópteros.AbstractThe bats play a fundamental role in the ecological processes of ecosystems, they carry out multiple biotic interactions such as seed dispersers, pollination, and pest control, they also have very varied feeding habits. In the Mexican state of Nayarit have been registered 67 bat species, but no one research has focused on the urban areas. Our objective was to research the species present in the green areas of the city of Tepic, Nayarit. Nine sites were sampled using a 12-meter network, which was placed from 6:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. The samplings were carried out from November 2015 to November 2016, for a total of 45 hours/network. Three types of habitat were covered: plazas, zanjon, and parks. We performed the Shannon alpha index to assess diversity and a t-test was used to compare between the different habitats. Three species were registered (Artibeus lituratus, Artibeus jamaicensis and Artibeus hirsutus). The urban ecosystem with the greatest diversity and abundance was the parks and the species that presented the highest frequency in the urban area was A. lituratus.Key words: Anthropized areas, bats, green spaces.

scholarly journals Building The Tree Inventory Application for City of East Jakarta

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Sulistyantara ◽  
Imawan W. Hidayat ◽  
A. Nasirudin Taher ◽  
Hendrawan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Fundamental Function ◽  
Tree Inventory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Trees are essential elements of an urban space. The presence of trees in urban areas is not only appreciated as physical attribute, but beyond this, it serves a fundamental function in balancing and conserving urban ecosystem. Especially in tropical countries like Indonesia which receive high levels of solar radiation, trees contribute to the protection of urban areas from the impact of excessive micro-climatic conditions. But, the presence of trees sometimes resulted in the accidents for the residences because of broken branches and human injuries. This situation leads the city to prepare a tree inventory system, which is beneficial in giving the information about tree conditions and thus the information that would be useful for tree maintenance activities. The tree inventory on application for the city of East Jakarta was built for this purpose, comprising a tree inventory and easy access to the database. The application connects the database source with the GIS map, so that the users could retrieve information for each kind of data.

scholarly journals Green Spaces in Residential Areas of Dar es Salaam City: Types, Coverage and Uses

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Nicholaus Mwageni ◽  
Robert Kiunsi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Building Density ◽  
Dar Es Salaam City ◽  
The City

Green spaces in urban areas including in Dar es Salaam City provide multiple ecological, social and economic benefits. Despite their benefits they are inadequately documented in terms types, coverage and uses. This paper attempts to provide information on types, coverage and uses of green space in Dar es Salaam City. A number of methods including literature review, interpretation of remotely sensed image, interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires were used to document city greenery. The research findings show that residential greenery is made up of greenery found within and external to plots. The dominant green spaces external to residential plots were natural and semi natural vegetation while within plots were woody plants, plots farms vegetable and ornamental gardens. Distribution of greenery varied among the wards due to differences in building density and distance from the city centre. Natural and semi natural vegetation increased with decrease of building density and increase of distance from the city centre, while the number of plots with trees for shade increased with increase of building density. Only Kawe ward that had greenery above Tanzania space planning standards, the other three wards which are informal settlements had green space deficit. Three quarters of the households use green spaces for shade provision and cooling, two thirds as a source of food products and a quarter for recreation and aesthetic purposes. The study reveals that Dar es Salaam City residents invest predominantly on shade trees in their residential plots compared to other green space types.

scholarly journals A Needs-Driven, Multi-Objective Approach to Allocate Urban Ecosystem Services from 10,000 Trees

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Almeter ◽  
Arik Tashie ◽  
Andrew Procter ◽  
Tara McAlexander ◽  
Douglas Browning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Multiple Objectives ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Stormwater Reduction ◽  
The City ◽  
The U.S

Urban areas face challenges including vehicular emissions, stormwater runoff, and sedentary lifestyles. Communities recognize the value of trees in mitigating these challenges by absorbing pollution and enhancing walkability. However, siting trees to optimize multiple benefits requires a systems approach that may cross sectors of management and expertise. We present a spatially-explicit method to optimize tree planting in Durham, NC, a rapidly growing urban area with an aging tree stock. Using GIS data and a ranking approach, we explored where Durham could augment its current stock of willow oaks through its plans to install 10,000 mid-sized deciduous trees. Data included high-resolution landcover metrics developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), demographics from the U.S. Census, an attributed roads dataset licensed to the EPA, and sidewalk information from the City of Durham. Census block groups (CBGs) were ranked for tree planting according to single and multiple objectives including stormwater reduction, emissions buffering, walkability, and protection of vulnerable populations. Prioritizing tree planting based on single objectives led to four sets of locations with limited geographic overlap. Prioritizing tree planting based on multiple objectives tended to favor historically disadvantaged CBGs. The four-objective strategy met the largest proportion of estimated regional need. Based on this analysis, the City of Durham has implemented a seven-year plan to plant 10,000 trees in priority neighborhoods. This analysis also found that any strategy which included the protection of vulnerable populations generated more benefits than others.

scholarly journals Analysis of the feeding habits of the swallow-tailed hummingbird, Eupetomena macroura (Gmelin, 1788), in an urban park in southeastern Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
MCB. Toledo ◽  
DM. Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Urban Park ◽  
Territorial Defense ◽  
The City

The aim of this work was to observe and describe the feeding habits and available food resources of the swallow-tailed hummingbird, Eupetomena macroura. The study was carried out in a municipal park located in the city of Taubaté, in the state of São Paulo. The observations took place between December 2003 and October 2004, recording the following variables: 1) the plant species visited for feeding and territorial defense; 2) the kinds of food resources; and 3) the kinds of flight to procure and obtain food. E. macroura visited 12 plant species. For territorial defense, Mangifera indica was the most visited, whereas Malvaviscus arboreus was most visited for feeding. The foliage was the plant part that received the most frequent visits. In order to obtain nectar, the only species visited was M. arboreus; to obtain arthropods, the species most visited were Mangifera indica and Hymenaea stilbocarpa. In the dry season, the hummingbirds visited flowers, whereas in the rainy season they visited leaves to acquire food. The arthropod groups most frequently found on leafy branches were Homoptera and Psocoptera. Finally, the results of the type of flight analysis showed that flight used to capture food was more often observed than were flights to search for food. In conclusion, these observations suggest that E. macroura shows plasticity in feeding behavior, which can help it to persist in urban areas.

scholarly journals Optimization of Green Space Planning to Improve Ecosystem Services Efficiency: The Case of Chongqing Urban Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8441
Author(s):  
Shuiyu Yan ◽  
Jun Tang
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Buffer Analysis ◽  
Gis Software

This paper applied landscape indexes to evaluate the size, form, and structure of green spaces in the mountainous city of Chongqing and found that green spaces benefit from certain advantages in size, but the network suffered from low heterogeneity and limited interconnectivity. To ensure the integrity and continuity of ecological processes and improve the efficiency of ecosystem services (ES), the authors used Geographic Information System (GIS) software to conduct adaptability evaluation and adjacent buffer analysis for the existing green spaces, wetlands, rivers, and other landscapes with relatively high capacity for ES. We designed a comprehensive map of potential areas for UGS expansion by superimposing the maps obtained from adaptability evaluation and buffer analysis. We also proposed some strategies that respect, consider, and evaluate aspects and special features of urban environment to optimize green space planning and improve ES efficiency, such as protection of important areas, development of green corridors, and careful consideration of ecological processes and complex functions in urban areas. Based on these strategies, the paper put forth suggestions for green space planning to improve ES efficiency that can function as foundation for subsequent green space planning.

scholarly journals Accessibility to and Availability of Urban Green Spaces (UGS) to Support Health and Wellbeing during the COVID-19 Pandemic—The Case of Bologna

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 11054
Author(s):  
Claudia De Luca ◽  
Andrea Libetta ◽  
Elisa Conticelli ◽  
Simona Tondelli
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The City

In accordance with SDG N11.7, each city should work on providing “by 2030, universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities”. This target became even more crucial during the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. This paper presents and discuss a method for (i) assessing the current distribution and accessibility of urban green spaces (UGSs) in a city using hierarchical network distances; and (ii) quantifying the per capita values of accessible UGSs, also in light of the restrictions in place, namely social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. The methods have been tested in the city of Bologna, and the results highlight urban areas that suffer from a scarcity of accessible UGSs and identify potentially overcrowded UGSs, assessing residents’ pressure over diverse UGSs of the city in question. Based on our results, this work allows for the identification of priorities of intervention to overcome these issues, while also considering temporary solutions for facing the eventual scarce provision of UGSs and related health and wellbeing benefits in periods of movement restrictions.

scholarly journals Assessing Equity in the Accessibility to Urban Green Spaces According to Different Functional Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edorta Iraegui ◽  
Gabriela Augusto ◽  
Pedro Cabral
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
The City

Accessibility of urban residents to different services and amenities is a growing concern for policy makers. Urban green spaces (UGS) provide services and benefits that are particularly important for people having less mobility, such as children, the elderly or the poor. Practical experience has led to the classification of UGS in hierarchic systems reflecting the type and degree of benefits and services or functions they provide to users, which vary, primarily with their size. It is therefore necessary to ensure equity in the spatial distribution of different classes of UGS in the urban areas. In this work, we explore a methodology based in geographical information systems (GIS) to assess equity of access by different population groups to UGS according to its functional levels in the City of Barcelona, Spain, using a spatial clustering method. Results did not support the existence of overall inequalities in the access to UGS by the different groups of the population. However, indicators of spatial association revealed insufficiencies concerning accessibility to nearby UGS by seniors, children and the less wealthy in some parts of the city. This methodology may be used to inform urban planners dealing with the provision of UGS in an equitable manner to different socioeconomic groups of the resident population.

scholarly journals Integración de los servicios ecosistémicos en la planificación urbana: los ríos urbanos

2017 ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
María Perona Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Urban River ◽  
Environmental Strategy ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

ResumenEsta investigación parte de la necesidad de poner el foco en los servicios que los ecosistemas pueden llegar a ofrecer en las áreas urbanas tomando en este caso, a los ríos como elemento clave en la planificación urbana. Desde este enfoque, se propone un análisis general de la relación entre el río, la ciudad y los ciudadanos, a través de las estrategias y técnicas de gestión de los entornos fluviales urbanos, los servicios ecosistémicos y el bienestar humano. Asimilando de este modo conceptos propios de la ecología y el urbanismo, y traduciéndolos a un lenguaje común y simplificado. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la integración es la hoja de ruta a seguir en el camino hacia la ciudad habitable. Palabras clave  Servicios ecosistémicos, ecosistema urbano, río urbano, estrategia hidráulica, estrategia ambiental, bienestar humanoAbstractThis part of the investigation of the need to focus on the services that ecosystems can reach urban areas, taking in this case urban rivers as an important element in urban planning. From this approach, a general analysis of the relationship between the river, the city and the citizens is proposed, through the strategies and techniques of management of urban river environments, ecosystem services and human welfare. Assimilating, in this way, concepts proper to Ecology and Urbanism, and translating them into a common and simplified language. The results obtained from the integration of the road map to follow on the way to the habitable city. KeywordsEcosystem services, urban ecosystem, urban river, hydraulic strategy, environmental strategy, human welfare

scholarly journals Developing an Approach for Assessing Urban Blue-Green Spaces Towards Sustainable Urban Growth Through Retrospective Cyber Metrics Analysis of Operational Estimations Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita ◽  
Deepak Kumar ◽  
Sulochana Shekhar
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Urban Planning And Design ◽  
Concrete Action

Abstract Urban blue-green spaces provide us abundant social, environmental, and economic benefits, but the disparities often exist in their distribution and accessibility. Traditionally urban blue-green spaces are a consolidation of “blue-green infrastructure” within urban areas. Several urban features like parks, forests, gardens, visible water, such as parks, rivers, canals, reservoirs, ponds, lakes, fountains, etc. are categorized or considered under the blue-green spaces and these are very much crucial for various urban ecosystem services. These play a significant role for all stakeholders of the urban community. Thus, everyone must ensure the equitable number of blue-green spaces for all. Recently, several rules and regulations towards the safeguarding of urban blue-green spaces have been outlined. The work presents a methodological framework to develop an approach towards sustainable urban growth with the help of urban blue-green spaces assessments. The current work has attempted to examine the linkage between issues of the urban blue-green spaces for restoring the required infrastructures. It can be utilised for all sustainable urban development for urban planning and design projects to play a pivotal role. The work emphasizes more to develop a methodological framework to analyze the urban blue-green spaces for augmentation with a theoretical framework. It is expected that the advancement of a problem cum objectives-driven approach will help to design an impact-driven approach for planned and concrete action.

scholarly journals ARCHITECTURAL URBAN PLANNING AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC PREREQUISITES FOR THE FORMATION OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
O. S. Savytska ◽  
◽  
T. S. Rumilec ◽  
V. V. Kurian ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
The World ◽  
City Structure ◽  
The City

In the article the relevance of this research is due to overcoming the complex of social, environmental and economic problems in urban planning related to environmental improvement, improvement, greening of cities and settlements. Being one of the main elements of urban planning, "green spaces" form a favorable ecological environment. They also help to combat the effect of "thermal islands" by participating in the process of evaporation of moisture; reduce storm water runoff; improve air quality by absorbing atmospheric pollution. Improvement of cities is one of the priority tasks of forming a comfortable urban environment. It includes: improvement of the ecological situation in cities (related to the improvement of the landscaping system, which means scientifically grounded spatial arrangement of all components of urban landscaping according to urban areas) soil, climatic and other factors in order to achieve optimal ecological, sanitary and sanitary and sanitary effects. In the foreign practice of urban planning use the concept of "green infrastructure" ("Green infrastructure") or blue-green infrastructure ("Blue - green infrastructure"), which focuses on the environmental importance of the territory. Which considers the whole spectrum of landscape changes and serves as a basis for the formation and development of a favorable state in cities. The main reason for the interest in green infrastructure in the world is the desire to make the city a more conducive place to live, as well as to climate change. Reducing the negative impact on the environment is the key to the socio-economic development of the country. The purpose of this work is to develop recommendations for the design of green infrastructure. Analysis of existing experience in designing and implementing green infrastructure in an urbanized environment, identifying trends in the further development of their architectural and urban planning structure. The object of the study is the green infrastructure of major cities in the world, including its architectural and urban planning and spatial solutions in the city structure. The article presents typical landscaping schemes and their classification, as well as methods of using green spaces to improve the environmental, social and aesthetic status of cities.

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