scholarly journals Degradation and Detoxification of Congo Red azo dye by Immobilized Laccase of Streptomyces sviceus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhoodevi Chakravarthi ◽  
Vani Mathkala ◽  
Uma Maheswari Devi Palempalli
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Marine Actinobacteria ◽  
Immobilized Laccase ◽  
Laccase Enzyme

The discharge of textile effluents enriched with reactive azo dyes is of critical importance owing to inability of the dyes to degrade in waste water and their carcinogenic, mutagenic effects to various organisms. This study initiated based on the need to gaze into molecular mechanism of marine bacterial bioremediation process to develop strategies for the decolorization and detoxification of the synthetic azo dyes. The experimental work carried out to explore decolorization and degradation efficacy of laccase derived from marine actinobacteria, Streptomyces sviceus by choosing Congo red-21 as model azo dye. The extracellular production of laccase was confirmed with plate assay in medium supplemented with ABTS as substrate. Laccase was purified to homogeneity from 72hrs culture of Streptomyces sviceus by Fast performance liquid chromatography and the molecular size of laccase was noticed as 60 kDa. The purified laccase was immobilized with an efficiency of 82% by Calcium alginate method. The crude, purified and immobilized forms of the laccase enzyme was used to decolorize the Congo red-21. Crude laccase enzyme showed 69% of decolorization of Congo red-21 after 48h where as purified and immobilized laccase represented 78% and 92% of colour removal after 24 h respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry were used to unravel the molecular mechanism of dye detoxification and also identify nontoxic products released from Congo Red-21 upon administration with immobilized laccase. Based on GC-MS data, it may deduce that immobilized laccase of Streptomyces sviceus cleaves the Congo red-21 dye followed by oxidative cleavage, desulfonation, deamination, demethylation process.

scholarly journals Decolorization of the benzidine-based azo dye Congo red by the new strain Shewanella xiamenensis G5-03

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Silva ◽  
E. L. Dall’Oglio ◽  
L. G. Vasconcelos ◽  
E. B. Morais
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Bond Breakage ◽  
Decolorization Efficiency

Abstract Shewanella xiamenensis G5-03 was observed to decolorize the azo dye Congo red in synthetic wastewater. The influence of some factors on the dye decolorization efficiency was evaluated. The optimal decolorization conditions were temperature 30-35 °C, pH 10.0, incubation time 10 h, and static condition. The kinetic of Congo red decolorization fitted to the Michaelis–Menten model (Vmax = 111.11 mg L-1 h-1 and Km = 448.3 mg L-1). The bacterium was also able to degrade benzidine, a product of azo bond breakage of the Congo red, which contributed to reduce the phytotoxicity. The ability of S. xiamenensis G5-03 for simultaneous decolorization and degradation of Congo red shows its potential application for the biological treatment of wastewaters containing azo dyes.

scholarly journals Integrated approach on azo dyes degradation using laccase enzyme and Cul nanoparticle

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajalakshmi Sridharan ◽  
Veena Gayathri Krishnaswamy ◽  
K. M. Archana ◽  
Revathy Rajagopal ◽  
D. Thirumal Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Copper Iodide ◽  
Combined Method ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Laccase Enzyme ◽  
Silico Analysis

AbstractAzo dyes released by the textile industries cause severe damage to the environment and living organisms. The degradation of azo dyes is widely studied using enzymatic methods. Laccase is a copper-containing enzyme that degrades the azo dyes into less toxic compounds. In this work, the crude laccase enzyme produced by the alkaliphile Pseudomonas mendocina in the degradation of mixed azo dye showed 0.386 U/mL activity at pH 8.5. A combination of enzymatic and green synthesized nanoparticles was used in the degradation of mixed azo dye. Laccase used in the degradation of mixed azo dyes showed 58.4% in 72 h, while the photocatalytic degradation of mixed azo dyes showed 15.9%. The degradation of azo dyes using copper iodide nanoparticles resulted in 15.8% degradation. However, it was noticed that the combined method of degradation of azo dyes involving both crude laccase and CuI nanoparticles gave a degradation of 62.3% in 60 min. Interaction of laccase enzyme with azo dyes using in silico analysis predicted the binding energy with reactive red (−7.19 kcal/mol), reactive brown (−8.57 kcal/mol), and reactive black dyes (−9.17 kcal/mol) respectively.

scholarly journals Integrated Approach On Degaradtion Of Azo Dyes Using Laccase Enzyme And Nanoparticle With Its Interaction By In Silco Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajalakshmi Sridharan ◽  
Veena Gayathri Krishnaswamy ◽  
Archana Murali.K ◽  
Revathy Rajagopal ◽  
Thirumal Kumar. D ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Combined Method ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Laccase Enzyme ◽  
Silico Analysis

ABSTRACTAzo dyes, released by the textile industries causes severe damage to the environment and living organisms. The degradation of azo dyes is widely studied using enzymatic methods. Laccase, is a copper containing enzyme that degrades the azo dyes into less toxic compounds. In this work, Laccase enzyme produced by the alkaliphile Pseudomonas mendocina in the degradation of mixed azo dye showed 0.386 U/Ml activity at pH 8.5. Combination of enzymatic and green synthesised nanoparticle were used in the degradation mixed azo dye. Laccase used in the degradation of mixed azo dyes showed 58.46% in 72 hours while the photocatalytic degradation of mixed azo dyes showed 15.98%. The degradation of azo dyes using copper iodide nanoparticle resulted in 15.835% of mixed azo dye degradation. But it was noticed that combined method removed 62.35% of mixed azo dyes in 60 minutes. Interaction of laccase enzyme with azo dyes using in silico analysis predicted the binding energy of RR (−7.19 kcal/mol), RB (−8.57 kcal/mol) and RBL (−9.17 kcal/mol).

scholarly journals Some Peculiarities of Creation of Stable Polyimide - Azo Chromophore System

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
S.K. Kudaikulova ◽  
G.I. Boiko ◽  
I.I. Shalabaeva ◽  
B.A. Zhubanov ◽  
M.J.M. Abadie
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Aromatic Diamines ◽  
Doping Agent ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
As Doping ◽  
Azo Chromophore ◽  
Pi System

<p>Azo dyes: methyl orange, methyl red, congo red have been suggested as doping agents for formulation of stable soluble azo dye - polyimide (PI) system according to guest-host scheme. The dyes were added to<br />the reactive mixture of monomers: dianhydrides of alicyclic tetracarboxylic acids and aromatic diamines. Polyimide synthesis was carried out by one step polycyclocondensation in protolytic media. Addition of azo dyes influences on the molecular weights of final PIs. In great extent they depend on the nature and concentration of doping agent. Investigation of dependence of reduced viscosity of PI on monomers concentration, duration and temperature of synthesis, concentration of doping agent. It has been determined that addition of dyes to the reaction mixture up to definite value rises molecular weights of PIs from 45-50 000 up to 320-330 000. The most efficient catalyst is congo red. However some functional groups of azo dyes disturb equimolarity of the reaction by interaction with one of main monomers. The colour of thus doped PIs is stable under processing and high temperatures. Stability of the azo dye - polyimide system depends on interaction of NLO agent with polyimide chain. It is suggested that congo red molecules can coordinate with carbonyl groups of polymer. PI films display solvatochromic properties.</p>

Use of a sequencing batch biofilter for degradation of azo dyes (acids and bases)

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Quezada ◽  
I. Linares ◽  
G. Buitrón
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Textile Effluent ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Substrate Degradation ◽  
Acids And Bases ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Basic Red 46

The degradation of azo dyes in an aerobic biofilter operated in an SBR system was studied. The azo dyes studied were Acid Red 151 and a textile effluent containing basic dyes (Basic Blue 41, Basic Red 46 and 16 and Basic Yellow 28 and 19). In the case of Acid Red 151 a maximal substrate degradation rate of 288 mg AR 151/lliquid·d was obtained and degradation efficiencies were between 60 and 99%. Mineralization studies showed that 73% (as carbon) of the initial azo dye was transformed to CO2 by the consortia. The textile effluent was efficiently biodegraded by the reactor. A maximal removal rate of 2.3 kg COD/lliquid·d was obtained with removal efficiencies (as COD) varying from 76 to 97%. In all the cycles the system presented 80% of colour removal.

A Comprehensive Review on Importance and Quantitation of Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs and their Active Metabolites in Commercial Dosage Forms

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 989-1019
Author(s):  
Habibur Rahman ◽  
S.K. Manirul Haque ◽  
Masoom Raza Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that affects more than twenty-one million people throughout the world. Schizophrenia also causes early death. Schizophrenia and other related psychotic ailments are controlled by the prescription of antipsychotic drugs, which act by blocking certain chemical receptors in the brain and thus relieves the symptoms of psychotic disorder. These drugs are present in the different dosage forms in the market and provided in a certain amount as per the need of the patients. Objective: Since such medications treat mental disorders, it is very important to have a perfect and accurate dose so that the risk factor is not affected by a higher or lower dose, which is not sufficient for the treatment. For accurate assay of these kinds of drugs, different analytical methods were developed ranging from older spectrophotometric techniques to latest hyphenated methods. Results: The current review highlights the role of different analytical techniques that were employed in the determination and identification of antipsychotic drugs and their metabolites. Techniques such as spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry employed in the method development of such antipsychotic drugs were reported in the review. Different metabolites, identified using the hyphenated techniques, were also mentioned in the review. The synthesis pathways of few of the metabolites were mentioned. Conclusion: The review summarizes the analyses of different antipsychotic drugs and their metabolites. A brief introduction of illnesses and their symptoms and possible medications were highlighted. Synthesis pathways of the associated metabolites were also mentioned.

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