scholarly journals Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Vaccination of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 365-374
Author(s):  
P. Sharmila Nirojini
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Threatening Situation ◽  
Pcr Test

Abstract: COVID- 19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) is a quite contagious disease this is derived from Orthocoronavirinae family. SARS-CoV-2 viruses are single-stranded, plus-stranded RNA virus that infect numerous animal species, inclusive of humans, and cause respiration, neurological, and liver illnesses. SARS-CoV-2 is generally transferred through respiration droplets during close contact including speaking, coughing, sneezing, and shouting. Typical common symptoms of COVID-19 include respiratory symptoms like Fever and cough, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and neurological manifestations. COVID-19 has currently been recognized using a viral nucleic acid RT-PCR test primarily based totally on affected person nasopharyngeal and throat swabs. The CT score could play a important function in the prognosis of COVID-19 infected patients if the RT-PCR test for swabs became negative at an early stage. COVID-19 patients with comorbidites like Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Asthma, Deep Vein Thrombosis, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Cardio Vascular Disease, Obesity, Renal Disease, Liver Disease and other comorbidities can develope life-threatening situation. Remdesvir is the primary preference of medication, an antiviral agent that works via way of means of inhibiting viral replication in the body. There is a higher death rate in men while in comparison to women, hypothetically because of sex-based immunological or gendered differences. Vaccines are regarded as the maximum efficient way to halt the pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, RT-PCR, comorbity, treatment, vaccine.

scholarly journals The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in autolysed samples from an exhumed decomposed body: Implications to virus survival, genome stability and spatial distribution in tissues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahadeshwara Prasad ◽  
Somanna Ajjamada Nachappa ◽  
Niveditha Anand ◽  
Deepika Udayawara Rudresh ◽  
Yashika Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Viral Transport Medium ◽  
Virus Survival

AbstractHere we report for the first time the SARS-CoV-2 detection in autolysed samples from an exhumed decomposed body post-thirty six days after death. Both naso-oropharyngeal swabs and visceral samples from the lung, intestine, liver, and kidney were collected from the body exhumed post-fifteen days after burial, stored in viral transport medium and in saturated salt solution respectively. Naso-oropharyngeal swabs showed the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 genome as identified by the amplification of viral E, N, RdRP, or ORF1ab genes by RT-PCR. Subsequent examination of tissues reveal the detection of the virus genome in the intestine and liver, while no detection in the kidney and lung. These results signify the genome stability and implicate the virus survival in decomposed swab samples and in tissues and thereafter in storage solution. Further results also indicate spatial distribution of the virus in tissues during the early stage of infection in the subject with no respiratory distress. Considering the presence of cool, humid, and moist location of the exhumation, the presence of virus genome might also indicate that SARS-CoV-2 can persist for more than seven days on the surface of dead bodies similar to the Ebola virus, confirming that transmission from deceased subjects is possible for an extended period after death. These results further reaffirm the robustness of the RT-PCR aiding in the detection of viruses or their genome in decomposed samples when other methods of detection could not be useful.

scholarly journals Fruits and Vegetables in the Management of Underlying Conditions for COVID-19 High-Risk Groups

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Nora A. Moreb ◽  
Ahmed Albandary ◽  
Swarna Jaiswal ◽  
Amit K. Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus, which is the cause of the current pandemic with 107,411,561 infections and 2,351,195 death worldwide so far. There are multiple symptoms that are linked with the infection of COVID-19 such as coughing, shortness of breath, congestion together with fatigue, fever, loss of taste or smell, headaches, diarrhea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. The lack of or early stage of development of a cure for COVID-19 illness, there is need for insuring the best possible position of health to be able to fight the virus naturally through a robust immune system to limit severe complication. In this article, we have discussed the role of fruits and vegetables consumption to boost the immune system and major emphasis has been given to high risk group. We have taken into consideration a number of underlying conditions such as people with cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, hemoglobin disorder such as sickle cell disease, weakened immune system due to organ transplant. Furthermore, factors to improve the immune system, risks associated with quarantine and lifestyle and food handling during COVID-19 has been discussed.

scholarly journals Comparison of clinical, laboratory and radiological features in confirmed and unconfirmed COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Surme ◽  
Gulsah Tuncer ◽  
Betul Copur ◽  
Esra Zerdali ◽  
Inci Yilmaz Nakir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Probable Case ◽  
Study Results

Background: We aimed to compare the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings of confirmed COVID-19 and unconfirmed patients. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective study. Results: Overall, 620 patients (338 confirmed COVID-19 and 282 unconfirmed) were included. Confirmed COVID‐19 patients had higher percentages of close contact with a confirmed or probable case. In univariate analysis, the presence of myalgia and dyspnea, decreased leukocyte, neutrophil and platelet counts were best predictors for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positivity. Multivariate analyses revealed that only platelet count was an independent predictor for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positivity. Conclusion: Routine complete blood count may be helpful for distinguishing COVID-19 from other respiratory illnesses at an early stage, while PCR testing is unique for the diagnosis of COVID-19.

scholarly journals FAST: a Flexible, Accurate and Speedy Test for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linjiajie Fang ◽  
Bing-Yi Jing ◽  
Shen Ling ◽  
Qing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Group Testing ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Improve Efficiency ◽  
Negative Rate ◽  
Pcr Test

AbstractAs the COVID-19 pandemic continues worldwide, there is an urgent need to detect infected patients as quickly and accurately as possible. Group testing proposed by Technion [1][2] could improve efficiency greatly. However, the false negative rate (FNR) would be doubled. Using USA as an example, group testing would have over 70,000 false negatives, compared to 35,000 false negatives by individual testing.In this paper, we propose a Flexible, Accurate and Speedy Test (FAST), which is faster and more accurate than any existing tests. FAST first forms small close contact subgroups, e.g. families and friends. It then pools subgroups to form larger groups before RT-PCR test is done. FAST needs a similar number of tests to Technion’s method, but sharply reduces the FNR to a negligible level. For example, FAST brings down the number of false negatives in USA to just 2000, and it is seven times faster than individual testing.

Ocular Manifestations and Viral Prevalence in Conjunctival Secretions of Patients with COVID 19 – A Meta–Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayisha Shakeel ◽  
Sharjeel Sultan ◽  
Syed Imtiaz Ali
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Pcr Test

PubMed was searched using key words “COVID-19”, “coronavirus”, and “SARS CoV‑2” in conjunction with “ophthalmology” and “eye” on 17th May 2020. Total 483 articles were identified. After screening eleven articles were included in the analysis. The frequencies of ocular manifestations and the presence of virus in conjunctiva were analyzed and final results were compiled.Ten out of eleven articleswere analyzed for ocular manifestations. In our analysis a total of 2115 cases had Covid 19, out of which 77 patients developed ocular manifestations (3.64%, 95% CI 2.88 – 4.53). The most common being conjunctival congestion. Twelve patients had SARS – CoV-2 in their ocular secretions confirmed by RT PCR test (2.61%, 95% CI 1.36 – 4.52). This meta-analysis concludes that conjunctiva is neither a preferred site of infection nor a preferred gateway for entry of SARS CoV-2 in the body. As a low risk of infection does exist, eye protective equipment should be used when treating COVID – 19 patients. Key Words:  SARS CoV 2, COVID 19, Conjunctiva, Ophthalmology.

scholarly journals Utilization of Grid Neural Network Model and RT-PCR test to detect the COVID-19 Patients and to avoid the Spreading of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Neural Network Model ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Time Efficiency ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Pcr Test

In December 2019, a new virus, also named a novel coronavirus, started as an emerging pathogen for humans and resulted in a pandemic. World Health Organization (WHO) called this novel coronavirus as COVID-19 on 11 February 2020, and the virus responsible for causing COVID-19 is SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which is a positive-stranded RNA virus. This paper proposed an artificial neural network model in a grid computing system to identify COVID-19 patients. It can help us to identify the suspected patients and shortlist those patients who need to check by the RT-PCR test kit. The purpose of this research is to increase the time efficiency to test those patients, which has a higher chance of getting affected by COVID-19. Increasing the time efficiency in this type of pandemic situation can make a huge impact on reducing the fatality rate. This is because, according to ICMR, 1,191,946 samples have been tested as of 5 May, and 46,433 individuals have been confirmed positive. It means that only 3.85% of persons get positive results and 96.15% persons with a negative result. It implies that the time to test this 96.15% of cases is wasted. Hence we aim to detect the COVID-19 patients in less time and utilize this large amount of time to test those at higher risk of being affected by this epidemic (COVID-19). This model will also help those countries to overcome the problem of the shortage of this type of test kits such as - RT-PCR.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a fully closed real time PCR platform for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swabs: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
pp. jclinpath-2021-207516
Author(s):  
Caterina De Luca ◽  
Gianluca Gragnano ◽  
Floriana Conticelli ◽  
Michele Cennamo ◽  
Pasquale Pisapia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Pcr Test

AimsTo date, reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) on nasopharyngeal swabs is the ‘gold standard’ approach for the diagnosis of COVID-19. The need to develop easy to use, rapid, robust and with minimal hands-on time approaches are warranted. In this setting, the Idylla SARS-CoV-2 Test may be a valuable option. The aim of our study is to evaluate the analytical and clinical performance of this assay on previously tested SARS-CoV-2 people by conventional RT-PCR based approach in different settings, including initial diagnosis and clinical follow-up.MethodsTo evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the Idylla SARS-CoV-2 Test, we retrieved 55 nasopharyngeal swabs, previously analysed by a fully validated assay, from symptomatic patients or from people who have been in close contact with COVID-19 positive cases. Discordant or high discrepant cases were further analysed by a third technique. In addition, a second subset of 14 nasopharyngeal swab samples with uncertain results (cycle threshold between 37 and 40), by using the fully validated assay, from patients with viral infection beyond day 21, were retrieved.ResultsOverall, Idylla showed a sensitivity of 93.9% and a specificity of 100.0%. In addition, in the additional 14 nasopharyngeal swab samples, only five (35.7%) featured a positive result by the Idylla SARS-CoV-2 Test.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that the Idylla SARS-CoV-2 Test may represent a valid, fast, highly sensitive and specific RT-PCR test for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY OF THE OLFACTORY NERVE IN COVIND-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (08) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
M.B.Aliyeva, D. N. Ayaganov, S. S. Saparbayev M.B.Aliyeva, D. N. Ayaganov, S. S. Saparbayev
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Reporting Tool ◽  
Pcr Test

Sudden anosmia and/or ageusia is one of the first and significant symptoms With OVID-19, which are manifested in good health and a successful course of the disease. Purpose: to analyze neurological disorders in COVID-19 and present the results of peripheral neuropathy of the olfactory nerve. We present the results of 39 (32%) patients with olfactory dysfunction obtained among 121 patients with a positive RT-PCR test for COVID-19. The data was collected through a survey and questionnaire based on the AAO-HNS anosmia reporting tool. The majority of individuals (32 patients) did not have close contact with a positive case in the recent past. Most patients regained their sense of smell within 1-2 weeks of the onset of anosmia. To date, the mechanisms of anosmia in SARS-CoV-2 are not yet clear. It remains debatable whether anosmias are the result of nerve damage or inflammation of the olfactory nerves, which requires further research. Keywords: anosmia, loss of smell, dysgeusia, neuroinflammation, olfactory dysfunction, SARS-COV-2, COVID-19.

Experience in the use of double broncholytic therapy in occupational practice

2019 ◽  
pp. 303-307
Author(s):  
Elena A. Beigel ◽  
Natalya G. Kuptsova ◽  
Elena V. Katamanova ◽  
Oksana V. Ushakova ◽  
Oleg L. Lakhman
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Body Plethysmography ◽  
Occupational Copd ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading nosological forms of occupational respiratory disease. Numerous studies have shown high effectiveness of the combination of indacaterol/glycopyrronium (Ultibro®breezhaler®) on the impact on clinical and functional indicators in the treatment of COPD in General practice.The aim of the investigation the case of occupational COPD with the analysis of the dynamics of functional indicators, tolerance to physical load and evaluation of the quality of life of workers engaged in aluminum production by using combination of indacaterol/glycopyrronium.Materials and methods. The random sampling method included 20 men, workers of aluminum production, with the established diagnosis of professional COPD at the age of 40 to 60 years. The survey was conducted (Borg scale, medical Research Council scale (mMRC) and COPD Assessment Test (CAT). Functional methods of studies were conducted: spirometry, body plethysmography, electrocardiography (ECG) and the six-minute stepper test (6-MST).Results. Against the background of 8 weeks of therapy, the volume of forced exhalation for 1 minute (FEV1) increased by 14.7% and amounted to 67.90% of the due values, the forced vital capacity of the lungs (FVC) increased by 11.3% and amounted to 76.95% of the due. According to the body plethysmography (BPG) is set to decrease in residual lung volume on average by 13.4% and static hyperinflation, confirmed by the decrease in functional residual volume (FRV) of 18.8%. During the study period increased physical activity of patients. The average difference between the distance traveled in the six-minute step test before and after treatment was 58.8 m. The analysis of personal data showed that the quality of life of patients improved, the total score in the questionnaire CAT at the beginning of the study was 16.9 points, and after 8 weeks decreased by 63% and amounted to 10.7 points.Conclusions: The Results indicate a positive effect of combination therapy with indacaterol/glycopyrronium on the course and progression of occupational COPD.

scholarly journals The Ability of Metabolomics to Discriminate Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Subtypes Depends on the Stage of the Disease and the Type of Material Studied

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3314
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kowalczyk ◽  
Joanna Kisluk ◽  
Karolina Pietrowska ◽  
Joanna Godzien ◽  
Miroslaw Kozlowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Nsclc Patients

Identification of the NSCLC subtype at an early stage is still quite sophisticated. Metabolomics analysis of tissue and plasma of NSCLC patients may indicate new, and yet unknown, metabolic pathways active in the NSCLC. Our research characterized the metabolomics profile of tissue and plasma of patients with early and advanced NSCLC stage. Samples were subjected to thorough metabolomics analyses using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique. Tissue and/or plasma samples from 137 NSCLC patients were analyzed. Based on the early stage tissue analysis, more than 200 metabolites differentiating adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC) subtypes as well as normal tissue, were identified. Most of the identified metabolites were amino acids, fatty acids, carnitines, lysoglycerophospholipids, sphingomyelins, plasmalogens and glycerophospholipids. Moreover, metabolites related to N-acyl ethanolamine (NAE) biosynthesis, namely glycerophospho (N-acyl) ethanolamines (GP-NAE), which discriminated early-stage SCC from ADC, have also been identified. On the other hand, the analysis of plasma of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and NSCLC patients allowed exclusion of the metabolites related to the inflammatory state in lungs and the identification of compounds (lysoglycerophospholipids, glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelins) truly characteristic to cancer. Our results, among already known, showed novel, thus far not described, metabolites discriminating NSCLC subtypes, especially in the early stage of cancer. Moreover, the presented results also indicated the activity of new metabolic pathways in NSCLC. Further investigations on the role of NAE biosynthesis pathways in the early stage of NSCLC may reveal new prognostic and diagnostic targets.

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