scholarly journals Helmet-Riding to the Next Generation

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Metal Foams ◽  
Head Protection ◽  
Motorcycle Helmet ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aircraft Crash

Abstract: A helmet is a type of head protection that is worn on the head. By decreasing the impact of a force or collision to the head, a helmet seeks to lessen the risk of significant head and brain injuries. The shell, EPS liner, Comfort liner, Cheek pads, Visor, and Retention or closing mechanism are the different sections of a helmet. The outer shell of a motorcycle helmet can be made lighter and more comfortable by using materials that reduce weight and absorb energy. Metal foams are a type of cellular material that has a number of fascinating qualities, including high stiffness and low specific weight, as well as effective energy absorption. These distinct features make them suitable for a wide range of applications, from car bumpers to aircraft crash recorders. Keywords: Helmet, Material Selection, CFRP, Bluetooth

The Effect of SAS Materials and Modeling in Transferring Impact Loads to the Brain

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Saboori ◽  
Ali Sadegh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Impact Loads ◽  
Modeling Methodology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

While subarachnoid space (SAS) trabeculae play an important role in damping and reducing the relative movement of the brain with respect to the skull, thereby reducing traumatic brain injuries, their mechanical properties and modeling are not well established in the literature. A few studies, e.g., Zhang et al. (2002) and Xin Jin et al. (2008) have reported a wide range the elastic modulus of the trabeculae up to three orders of magnitudes. The histology of the trabeculae reveals a collagen based structure. Thus, a few investigators have estimated the mechanical properties of trabeculae based on collagen’s properties. The objective of this study is to determine the stress/strain changes in the brain as a function of the mechanical properties and modeling methodology of the trabeculae, when the loading and the boundary conditions of the model are kept the same. This study was performed through several modeling steps. A wide range of the mechanical properties of the trabeculae was employed and the transductions of blunt impact loads from the skull to the brain were determined. The mechanical properties of the SAS trabeculae were determined based on the validation of the models with experimental results of Sabet et al. (2009). The result indicated that when we use softer material properties for the trabeculae the meningeal layers absorb and damp the impact load. It is also concluded that the material properties of the trabeculae can be simulated by only tension element since the trabeculae buckles with minimal compressive load. Finally, an optimum material property of SAS was proposed.

scholarly journals Lurian Approach and Neuropsychology of Creativity

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-108
Author(s):  
Maria Pąchalska
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Neurophysiological Studies ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Background. Alexander Romanovich Luria (1902–1977) is a widely recognized authority, attributed with the birth and development of neuropsychology. Reading the list of Luria’s publications makes us aware of the wide range of his interests: from the brain location of mental functions, through methods of rehabilitation and education, cognitive processing, issues of language, intellectual development or the impact of culture on human development, to intercultural research, and consequently to the neuropsychology of creativity. The purpose of this article is to show the link between Luria’s approach and the neuropsychology of creativity, and to demonstrate that a process thinking, taking into account brain/mind state, offers a new way of conceptualizing different approaches to creativity, which can be a step toward their unification, bringing into relation the continuum of passage in nature to a transition from repetition to innovation to genius. Objective. The aim of the present paper is to present the brain mechanisms of creativity. It discusses the neuropsychology of creativity as a subdiscipline developing on the borderline of: (1) medical neuroscience — using clinical and experimental neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, neurobiological, neurosurgical, neurological, neuropsychiatric and (2) social neuroscience — using social psychology and neuropsychology, social linguistics and neurocultural studies to help disabled people. Special focus is placed on the functioning of artists with various forms of brain damage. The relationships between brain damage and the quality of creation are also discussed. In addition, a review of opinions of various authors from around the world on the relationship of the healthy and the damaged brain with creativity is presented in the paper. Case study. Described also are ways to avoid pitfalls in the interpretation of works of art taking into account Luria’s syndrom analysis. While studying the neurological and neuropsychiatric basis of the creativity of people with various brain injuries, one should take into account the possibility of the co-occurrence of syndromes as well as the overlapping of symptoms. The paper presents a case history of the illness of an artist that illustrates the importance of performing a syndrome analysis based on the Lurian approach. It also indicates the significance of supporting any neuropsychological assessment with the use of neuromarkers to avoid arriving at a false diagnosis. In the case of the patient described neurophysiological studies (neuroimaging studies of the brain, quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG), event-related potentials (ERPs) and standardized Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (sLORETA) have proved to be very useful in the confirmation of his neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric diagnosis. Conclusions. The paper has presented data confirming the importance of Luria’s approach in the development of the neuropsychology of creativity. It was also an attempt to explain why we create, and what goes on in our bodies and minds when we begin to explore creative possibilities. Art in all of its manifestations (visual art, music, literature, dance, theater, and more) is an important feature of human societies in both norm and pathology, and therefore deserves further study.

THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP PRACTICES TO TEAM MEMBERS’ SATISFACTION

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chalimah .
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Leadership Practices ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Leader Behavior ◽  
Team Leader ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Top Executives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

eamwork is becoming increasingly important to wide range of operations. It applies to all levels of the company. It is just as important for top executives as it is to middle management, supervisors and shop floor workers. Poor teamwork at any level or between levels can seriously damage organizational effectiveness. The focus of this paper was therefore to examine whether leadership practices consist of team leader behavior, conflict resolution style and openness in communication significantly influenced the team member’s satisfaction in hotel industry. Result indicates that team leader behavior and the conflict resolution style significantly influenced team member satisfaction. It was surprising that openness in communication did not affect significantly to the team members’ satisfaction.

Stress, anxiety, depression and burnout in frontline health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic: a brief systematic review and new data from Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Mosolova ◽  
Dmitry Sosin ◽  
Sergey Mosolov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Impact

During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) have been subject to increased workload while also exposed to many psychosocial stressors. In a systematic review we analyze the impact that the pandemic has had on HCWs mental state and associated risk factors. Most studies reported high levels of depression and anxiety among HCWs worldwide, however, due to a wide range of assessment tools, cut-off scores, and number of frontline participants in the studies, results were difficult to compare. Our study is based on two online surveys of 2195 HCWs from different regions of Russia during spring and autumn epidemic outbreaks revealed the rates of anxiety, stress, depression, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and perceived stress as 32.3%, 31.1%, 45.5%, 74.2%, 37.7% ,67.8%, respectively. Moreover, 2.4% of HCWs reported suicidal thoughts. The most common risk factors include: female gender, nurse as an occupation, younger age, working for over 6 months, chronic diseases, smoking, high working demands, lack of personal protective equipment, low salary, lack of social support, isolation from families, the fear of relatives getting infected. These results demonstrate the need for urgent supportive programs for HCWs fighting COVID-19 that fall into higher risk factors groups.

A MODELING SYSTEM FOR CLIMATE CHANGE RISK ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT AND HEDGING IN COASTAL AREAS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Soldatenko ◽  
Sergei Soldatenko ◽  
Genrikh Alekseev ◽  
Genrikh Alekseev ◽  
Alexander Danilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
System Structure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Risk Modeling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
The Impact

Every aspect of human operations faces a wide range of risks, some of which can cause serious consequences. By the start of 21st century, mankind has recognized a new class of risks posed by climate change. It is obvious, that the global climate is changing, and will continue to change, in ways that affect the planning and day to day operations of businesses, government agencies and other organizations and institutions. The manifestations of climate change include but not limited to rising sea levels, increasing temperature, flooding, melting polar sea ice, adverse weather events (e.g. heatwaves, drought, and storms) and a rise in related problems (e.g. health and environmental). Assessing and managing climate risks represent one of the most challenging issues of today and for the future. The purpose of the risk modeling system discussed in this paper is to provide a framework and methodology to quantify risks caused by climate change, to facilitate estimates of the impact of climate change on various spheres of human activities and to compare eventual adaptation and risk mitigation strategies. The system integrates both physical climate system and economic models together with knowledge-based subsystem, which can help support proactive risk management. System structure and its main components are considered. Special attention is paid to climate risk assessment, management and hedging in the Arctic coastal areas.

The Management of Post-Tonsillectomy Morbidity in Patients With Sleep Apnoea

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3738-3740
Keyword(s):  
Day Surgery ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Multicenter Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Surgery Center

The Tonsillectomy in children or adults is an intervention commonly encountered in the ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) and Head and Neck surgeon practice. The current tendency is to perform this type of surgery in major ambulatory surgery centers. Two objectives are thus pursued: first of all, the increase of the patient quality of life through the reintegration into the family as quickly as possible and secondly, the expenses associated with continuous hospitalization are reduced. Any tertiary (multidisciplinary) sleep center must ensure the complete diagnosis and treatment (including surgery) of sleep respiratory disorders. Under these conditions the selection of patients and especially the implementation of the specific protocols in order to control the postoperative complications it becomes essential. The present paper describes our experience of tonsillectomy as treatment for selected patients with chronic rhonchopathy (snoring) and mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnoea. It was presented the impact of antibiotics protocols in reducing the main morbid outcomes following tonsillectomy, in our day surgery center. The obtained results can also be a prerequisite for the integrative approach of the patients with sleep apnoea who were recommended surgical treatment. Considering the wide range of therapeutic modalities used in sleep apnoea, each with its specific advantages and disadvantages, more extensive and multicenter studies are needed. Keywords: post-tonsillectomy morbidity, day surgery center, sleep disorders

Structure, Function and Interactions of Tau: Particular Focus on Potential Drug Targets for the Treatment of Tauopathies

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 325-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hojjat Borna ◽  
Kasim Assadoulahei ◽  
Gholamhossein Riazi ◽  
Asghar Beigi Harchegani ◽  
Alireza Shahriary
Keyword(s):  
Tau Protein ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Microtubule Network ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Potential Drug Targets

Background & Objective: Neurodegenrative diseases are among the most widespread lifethreatening disorders around the world in elderly ages. The common feature of a group of neurodegenerative disorders, called tauopathies, is an accumulation of microtubule associated protein tau inside the neurons. The exact mechanism underlying tauopathies is not well-understood but several factors such as traumatic brain injuries and genetics are considered as potential risk factors. Although tau protein is well-known for its key role in stabilizing and organization of axonal microtubule network, it bears a broad range of functions including DNA protection and participation in signaling pathways. Moreover, the flexible unfolded structure of tau facilitates modification of tau by a wide range of intracellular enzymes which in turn broadens tau function and interaction spectrum. The distinctive properties of tau protein concomitant with the crucial role of tau interaction partners in the progression of neurodegeneration suggest tau and its binding partners as potential drug targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusion: This review aims to give a detailed description of structure, functions and interactions of tau protein in order to provide insight into potential therapeutic targets for treatment of tauopathies.

Cognitive Impact of Cerebellar Damage: Is There a Future for Cognitive Rehabilitation?

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim van Dun ◽  
Frank V. Overwalle ◽  
Mario Manto ◽  
Peter Marien
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Posterior Fossa Surgery ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Affective Deficits ◽  
Cerebellar Injury ◽  
Cognitive Therapies ◽  
The Impact

Background & Objective: During the past 3 decades, numerous neurophysiological, neuroimaging, experimental and clinical studies have evidenced a crucial role for the cerebellum in cognitive, affective and behavioral functions. As a result of the acknowledged modulatory role of the cerebellum upon remote structures such as the cerebral cortex, cerebellar injury may give rise to a constellation of behavioral, affective and cognitive symptoms (Schmahmann's Syndrome). In sharp contrast to the wide range of therapeutic interventions to treat cognitive and affective disorders following cerebral cortical lesions and despite the consequences of Schmahmann’s syndrome upon daily life activities, the literature is surprisingly only scantly documented with studies investigating the impact of cognitive therapies on cerebellar induced cognitive and affective disorders. This survey aims to present an overview of the therapeutic interventions available in the literature as a possible treatment for Schmahmann’s Syndrome after cerebellar injury, after posterior fossa surgery in children, and in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Although systematical studies are clearly warranted, available evidence suggests that cerebellar-induced cognitive and affective disorders should be treated in a specific way. Approaches where the patients are explicitly made aware of their deficits and are considered to act as an “external cerebellum” are the most promising. Conclusion: The study of the anatomical connectivity of the cerebellar microcomplexes involved in cognitive/affective deficits is likely to play a major-role in the future.

Religion and Medicine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Levin ◽  
Stephen G. Post
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Religion And Medicine ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
Baylor University ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

In Religion and Medicine, Dr. Jeff Levin, distinguished Baylor University epidemiologist, outlines the longstanding history of multifaceted interconnections between the institutions of religion and medicine. He traces the history of the encounter between these two institutions from antiquity through to the present day, highlighting a myriad of contemporary alliances between the faith-based and medical sectors. Religion and Medicine tells the story of: religious healers and religiously branded hospitals and healthcare institutions; pastoral professionals involved in medical missions, healthcare chaplaincy, and psychological counseling; congregational health promotion and disease prevention programs and global health initiatives; research studies on the impact of religious and spiritual beliefs and practices on physical and mental health, well-being, and healing; programs and centers for medical research and education within major universities and academic institutions; religiously informed bioethics and clinical decision-making; and faith-based health policy initiatives and advocacy for healthcare reform. Religion and Medicine is the first book to cover the full breadth of this subject. It documents religion-medicine alliances across religious traditions, throughout the world, and over the course of history. It summarizes a wide range of material of relevance to historians, medical professionals, pastors and theologians, bioethicists, scientists, public health educators, and policymakers. The product of decades of rigorous and focused research, Dr. Levin has produced the most comprehensive history of these developments and the finest introduction to this emerging field of scholarship.

Textual Transformations

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Book History ◽  
John Dryden ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Original Essays ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lucy Hutchinson ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

This collection of twelve original essays by an international team of eminent scholars in the field of book history explores the many ways in which early modern books were subject to reworking, re-presentation, revision and reinterpretation. Their history is often the history of multiple, sometimes competing, agencies as their texts were re-packaged, redirected and transformed in ways that their original authors might hardly recognize. The essays discuss the processes of editing, revision, redaction, selection, abridgement, glossing, disputation, translation and posthumous publication that resulted in a textual elasticity and mobility that could dissolve distinctions between text and paratexts, textuality and intertextuality, manuscript and print, author and reader or editor, such that title and author’s name are no longer sufficient pointers to a book’s identity or contents. The essays are alive to the impact of commercial and technological aspects of book production and distribution (discussing, for example, the career of the pre-eminent bookseller John Nourse, the market appeal of abridgements, and the financial incentives to posthumous publication), but their interest is also in the many additional forms of agency that shaped texts and their meanings as books were repurposed to articulate, and respond to, a variety of cultural and individual needs. They engage with early modern religious, political, philosophical and scholarly trends and debates as they discuss a wide range of genres and kinds of publication (including fictional and non-fictional prose, verse miscellanies, abridgements, sermons, religious controversy) and of authors and booksellers (including Lucy Hutchinson, Richard Baxter, Thomas Burnet, Elizabeth Rowe, John Dryden, and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lucy Hutchinson, Henry Maundrell, John Nourse; Jonathan Swift, Samuel Richardson, John Tillotson, Isaac Watts and John Wesley).

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