scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on Combustion Characteristics of Refine Corn Oil with Areca Catechu Extract as Additive

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Wardoyo Wardoyo ◽  
Agung S. Widodo ◽  
Widya Wijayanti ◽  
I. N. G. Wardana
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Combustion Temperature ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Fossil Energy

The need for vegetable oils as alternative energy reserves increases with the depletion of fossil energy sources. Vegetable oil is the strongest candidate to replace the fossil energy. However, the use of vegetable oil directly as fuel is limited by high viscosity. Viscosity like this results in non-ideal atomization, challenging to evaporate, and cannot burn completely. Among the methods that have been studied by previous researchers and which have proven to be effective, cheaper, and can reduce the viscosity of vegetable oils better is the mixing method. In this study, corn oil was mixed with areca extract as an additive. Areca extract contains polyphenols which are polar types of epicatechin. Epicatechin has three aromatic rings and several hydroxyl groups. Delocalisation of electrons in aromatic rings can produce London forces on vegetable oil molecules, thereby increasing the reactivity of burning vegetable oil droplets. The burning characteristics of corn vegetable oil affected by areca extract have been studied experimentally at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The results showed that the rate and temperature of combustion increased, as well as the presence of micro explosions. The London force that appears causes the bonds in the triglyceride molecules to weaken so that the combustion becomes reactive, the rate of heat transfer in the droplets gets better, facilitates the appearance of micro explosions and increases the combustion temperature. Vegetable oil from corn has been studied experimentally at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The results show an increase in the rate of combustion, an increase in combustion temperature, and the presence of micro explosions. London force that appears causes the bonds in the triglyceride molecules to weaken so that combustion becomes more reactive, the rate of heat transfer in the droplet gets better, facilitates the appearance of micro explosions and raises the combustion temperature.

Experimental Study on Performance of a Single-Cylinder Engine Fuelled With Diesel and Vegetable Oil-Diesel Blends

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amarlo Banania ◽  
Edwin N. Quiros ◽  
Jose Gabriel E. Mercado
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Single Cylinder

Abstract Continuous demand for energy in order to provide to an ever-increasing global population calls for use of or integration of other alternative sources of fuel other than fossil fuels. Many countries all over the world use vegetable oils blended with neat diesel as alternative and using these biofuels can help alleviate lessen the emissions releases on the environment as well as the country’s dependency on fossil fuels. In the Philippines Coconut Methyl Ester (CME) is the primary vegetable oil used, however in this study we used four other vegetable oils which are RCO (Refined Corn Oil), RPO (Refine Palm Oil), JFO (Jahtropa Filtered Oil) and JME (Jathropa Methyl Ester) in order to investigate the possibility of their use in diesel engines. A 6.3 kW single-cylinder, four stroke cycle, direct injection engine was used for the study. This kind of engine is typically used in the Philippines for different purposes such as backup power for households, for boats, pumps and for agriculture use. The specific fuel consumption of the biodiesel blends compared to neat diesel fuel ranged from −15% to 15% with RCO and JME having higher SFC and JFO and RPO having lower SFC. Fuel conversion efficiency of the varied from −12% to 12% with JFO and RPO having higher efficiency and RCO and JME having lower efficiency. The power of the varied from −7% to 6% with RPO having lower power output, JFO having higher power output and JME and RCO having similar power output to neat diesel fuel. At full load condasition Neat Diesel Fuel blended with 15% Refined Palm Oil showed the greatest improvement in SFC while Neat Diesel Fuel blended with 10% Jathropa Filtered Oil showed the best power output.

scholarly journals Quantum Chemical Calculation of Reactions Involving C20, C60, Graphene and H2O

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 1940008 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Poklonski ◽  
S. V. Ratkevich ◽  
S. A. Vyrko ◽  
A. T. Vlassov ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
Keyword(s):  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Release ◽  
Graphene Sheets ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Chemical Calculation ◽  
Assisted Decomposition

Calculations of chemical reactions between C20, C60, hydrogen and water molecules are carried out using the PM3 method. Reactions with a hydrogen release at room temperature and atmospheric pressure are identified by the Gibbs energy change. The hydrogen release can be raised by increasing the number of water molecules in chlorine-assisted decomposition of fullerenes. Calculations of the Gibbs energy of chemical reactions involving water molecules between two parallel curved graphene sheets are carried out using DFT with the functional UB3LYP. During pumping between plates of an electric capacitor designed from curved graphene sheets, the water vapor with the assistance of external illumination is enriched by electrically neutral hydroxyl groups (OH)0.

scholarly journals Determination of Multiple Mycotoxins and Their Natural Occurrence in Edible Vegetable Oils Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2795
Author(s):  
Thammaporn Junsai ◽  
Saranya Poapolathep ◽  
Samak Sutjarit ◽  
Mario Giorgi ◽  
Zhaowei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Ionization Source

The prevalence of mycotoxins is often increased by the climatic conditions prevailing in tropical regions. Reports have revealed the contamination of mycotoxins in some types of vegetable oil. However, vegetable oil is one of the essential ingredients used in food preparation. Thus, this study determined the occurrence of multi-mycotoxins in six types of vegetable oils commercially available in Thailand to assess the consumer health risk. In total, 300 vegetable oil samples (olive oil, palm oil, soybean oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, and rice bran oil) collected from various markets in Thailand were analyzed for the presence of nine mycotoxins, namely, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), aflatoxin G2 (AFG2), beauvericin (BEA), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), fumonisin B1 (FB1), and fumonisin B2 (FB2) using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS)-based procedure and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source. The incidences of mycotoxin contamination varied among the different types of oil samples. AFB1, AFB2, ZEA, FB1, and FB2 were most frequently found in contaminated samples. AFB2, BEA, ZEA, FB1, and FB2 contaminated olive oil samples, whereas AFB1, AFB2, AFG2, and OTA contaminated palm oil samples. AFB1, AFB2, and ZEA were found in soybean oils, whereas ZEA, FB1, and FB2 contaminated corn oil samples. AFB1 and AFG1 contaminated sunflower oil samples, whereas AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and OTA were detected in rice bran oil samples. However, the contamination levels of the analyzed mycotoxins were below the regulatory limits.

scholarly journals INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF WOOD OF PINE, BIRCH AND OAK, MODIFIED WITH MONOETHANOLA-MINE(N→B)THREEHYDROXYBORATE

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Irina Aleksandrovna Kotlyarova
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Surface Distribution ◽  
Reactive Groups ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Monoethanola Mine ◽  
Modified Wood

The article presents the results of IR-spectroscopic study of wood of pine, birch and oak, modified with 50% aqueous solution of monoethanolamine(N→B)threehydroxyborate. IR spectra of the samples of birch and oak, modified by monoethanolamine(N→B)threehydroxyborate havebeen obtained for the first time. It was found that the modifier chemically interacts at room temperature with the reactive groups of the tree species under study; the chemical bonds being formed are hydrolytically stable. It is revealed that the change in the supramolecular structure of the modified wood is associated with a change in the system of hydrogen bonds. It is shown that the in the case of modifyingwith monoethanolamine(N→B)threehydroxyborate, there is no destruction of the aromatic rings of lignin, and the main chains of the macromolecules of cellulose, i.e. modifying is in "soft" conditions. It was found that the modifier interacts with the primary hydroxyl groups of cellulose and carboxyl groups of lignin in the modification of pine wood; when modifying, the wood of birch and oak monoethanolamine(N→B)threehydroxyborate mainly interacts with the carboxyl groups of lignin. The density of the grafting modifier depends on the availability of reactive groups of wood composite, and it decreases with increasing the density of wood. Taking into account that surface grafted compounds determine many properties of wood (specific surface area, water absorption, swelling, bio- and fire-resistance), different grafting density and surface distribution of grafted molecules of modifiers on the surface of wood samples under study will lead to differences in the listed properties of the modified wood materials.

scholarly journals A Novel qNMR Application for the Quantification of Vegetable Oils Used as Adulterants in Essential Oils

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5439
Author(s):  
Eleonora Truzzi ◽  
Lucia Marchetti ◽  
Stefania Benvenuti ◽  
Valeria Righi ◽  
Maria Cecilia Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Glycerol Backbone ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Wide Usage

Essential oils (EOs) are more and more frequently adulterated due to their wide usage and large profit, for this reason accurate and precise authentication techniques are essential. This work aims at the application of qNMR as a versatile tool for the quantification of vegetable oils potentially usable as adulterants or diluents in EOs. This approach is based on the quantification of both 1H and 13C glycerol backbone signals, which are actually present in each vegetable oil containing triglycerides. For the validation, binary mixtures of rosemary EO and corn oil (0.8–50%) were prepared. To verify the general feasibility of this technique, other different mixtures including lavender, citronella, orange and peanut, almond, sunflower, and soy seed oils were analyzed. The results showed that the efficacy of this approach does not depend on the specific combination of EO and vegetable oil, ensuring its versatility. The method was able to determine the adulterant, with a mean accuracy of 91.81 and 89.77% for calculations made on 1H and 13C spectra, respectively. The high precision and accuracy here observed, make 1H-qNMR competitive with other well-established techniques. Considering the current importance of quality control of EOs to avoid fraudulent practices, this work can be considered pioneering and promising.

LOCATION OF OILSEED PRODUCTION IN TERMS OF VEGETABLE OIL EXPORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Yu. V. RAGULINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
World Export ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
Oilseed Production

The article is devoted to the issues of placing seed production in the conditions of world export of vegetable oils. In 2019, the volume of Russian exports of sunflower oil exceeded 3 million tons for a total of $ 2,2 billion, which is about 30% of the vegetable oil produced in the country. In Russia, the main oilseeds are sunflower, rapeseed, and soy. Less common crops include oilseed flax, ginger, mustard, and safflower. It is stated that in 2001–2019, the acreage of all types of oilseeds in the country increased by more than 2 times, and the gross harvest – by 3,3 times, while the yield increased by 1,4 times.

scholarly journals Mixing Oil-Based Microencapsulation of Garlic Essential Oil: Impact of Incorporating Three Commercial Vegetable Oils on the Stability of Emulsions

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1637
Author(s):  
Yunjiao Zhao ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Cuiping Qi ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Mohamed Rifky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Ostwald Ripening ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Whey Protein Concentrate ◽  
Diallyl Disulfide ◽  
Active Components ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Garlic Essential Oil

The active components in garlic essential oil are easily degradable, which limits its application in the food industry. Vegetable oils (VOs) were used to improve the stability of garlic essential oil (GEO) emulsion. The volatile compounds of GEO and its mixtures with vegetable oils (VOs), including corn oil (CO), soybean oil (SO), and olive oil (OO) indicated that GEO-VO mixtures had a higher percentage of Diallyl disulfide and Diallyl trisulfide than pure GEO. Adding an appropriate amount of VOs promoted the GEO emulsion (whey protein concentrate and inulin as the wall materials) stability in order of CO > SO > OO. Evaluation of the encapsulation efficiency, controlled release, and antimicrobial activity of GEO-VO microcapsules showed that the GEO was successfully entrapped and slowly released with active antibacterial activities on both E. coli and S. aureus. Collectively, these results implied that VOs, especially for 20% CO, improved the stability of GEO emulsions and the encapsulation efficiency of GEO microcapsules. The mechanism might be related to (1) the regulating effect of density difference between oil and water phases on prevention to gravitational separation, (2) the promotion to the compatibility of GEO and VOs to inhibit the phase separation caused by Ostwald ripening.

scholarly journals Cat-CrNP as new material with catalytic properties for 2-chloro-2-propen-1-ol and ethylene oligomerizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Malinowski ◽  
Dagmara Jacewicz ◽  
Artur Sikorski ◽  
Mariusz Urbaniak ◽  
Przemysław Rybiński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Compound ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Organometallic Compounds ◽  
Ethylene Oligomerization ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
New Material ◽  
Activity Requirement ◽  
Olefin Oligomerization ◽  
Xrd Method

AbstractThe contemporary search for new catalysts for olefin oligomerization and polymerization is based on the study of coordinating compounds and/or organometallic compounds as post-metallocene catalysts. However known catalysts are suffered by many flaws, among others unsatisfactory activity, requirement of high pressure or instability at high temperatures. In this paper, we present a new catalyst i.e. the crystalline complex compound possesing high catalytic activity in the oligomerization of olefins, such as 2-chloro-2-propen-1-ol and ethylene under very mild conditions (room temperature, 0.12 bar for ethylene oligomerization, atmospheric pressure for 2-chloro-2-propen-1-ol oligomerization). New material—Cat-CrNP ([nitrilotriacetato-1,10-phenanthroline]chromium(III) tetrahydrate) has been obtained as crystalline form of the nitrilotriacetate complex compound of chromium(III) with 1,10-phenanthroline and characterized in terms of its crystal structure by the XRD method and by multi-analytical investigations towards its physicochemical propeties The yield of catalytic oligomerization over Cat-CrNP reached to 213.92 g · mmol−1 · h−1· bar−1 and 3232 g · mmol−1 · h−1 · bar−1 for the 2-chloro-2-propen-1-ol and ethylene, respectively. Furthemore, the synthesis of Cat-CrNP is cheap, easy to perform and solvents used during preparation are environmentally friendly.

Effects of Rotation on Heat Transfer for a Single Row Jet Impingement Array With Crossflow

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin A. Lamont ◽  
Srinath V. Ekkad ◽  
Mary Anne Alvin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Rotation Number ◽  
Coriolis Force ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
Channel Height ◽  
Potential Core ◽  
Single Row

The effects of the Coriolis force are investigated in rotating internal serpentine coolant channels in turbine blades. For complex flow in rotating channels, detailed measurements of the heat transfer over the channel surface will greatly enhance the blade designers’ ability to predict hot spots so coolant may be distributed more effectively. The present study uses a novel transient liquid crystal technique to measure heat transfer in a rotating, radially outward channel with impingement jets. A simple case with a single row of constant pitch impinging jets with the crossflow effect is presented to demonstrate the novel liquid crystal technique and document the baseline effects for this type of geometry. The present study examines the differences in heat transfer distributions due to variations in jet Rotation number, Roj, and jet orifice-to-target surface distance (H/dj = 1,2, and 3). Colder air, below room temperature, is passed through a room temperature test section to cause a color change in the liquid crystals. This ensures that buoyancy is acting in a similar direction as in actual turbine blades where walls are hotter than the coolant fluid. Three parameters were controlled in the testing: jet coolant-to-wall temperature ratio, average jet Reynolds number, Rej, and average jet Rotation number, Roj. Results show, such as serpentine channels, the trailing side experiences an increase in heat transfer and the leading side experiences a decrease for all jet channel height-to-jet diameter ratios (H/dj). At a jet channel height-to-jet diameter ratio of 1, the crossflow from upstream spent jets greatly affects impingement heat transfer behavior in the channel. For H/dj = 2 and 3, the effects of the crossflow are not as prevalent as H/dj = 1: however, it still plays a detrimental role. The stationary case shows that heat transfer increases with higher H/dj values, so that H/dj = 3 has the highest results of the three examined. However, during rotation the H/dj = 2 case shows the highest heat transfer values for both the leading and trailing sides. The Coriolis force may have a considerable effect on the developing length of the potential core, affecting the resulting heat transfer on the target surface.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document