scholarly journals Akibat Hukum dalam Pewarisan dari Pelaksanaan Pengangkatan Anak oleh Orang Tua Tunggal

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
Condro Putri Dewi Hartaka
Keyword(s):  
Foster Parents ◽  
Birth Certificate ◽  
Single Parents ◽  
Foster Child ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Adoption

The child is the mandate of the Grace Of God Almighty, and inside there is something that is attached as the dignity and status as a whole person. Along with the time on it right now is the mindset of society as it advances and growing, such as the parents who are unable to finance the future of the child and that’s why the purpose of adoption the child is not only to get the child but also for the welfare of children. And in Indonesia allow the implementation of the adoption by single parents, a woman or a man who is not married and who have been married but no longer bound in wedlock (widow or widower). Adoption of the child by single parents can only be done by the Citizens Of Indonesia after obtaining permission from ministers and the granting of permission can be ordered to agencies in the province. Adoption by single parents same thing with the adoption of children by parents in general. Adoption does not cause the relationship between children with real parents to be disconected, because most of the child who is in was from the family. Adoption of the child must be listed in a birth certificate, by not eliminate the identity of the beginning. Foster child are entitled to receive heir from the foster parents and also have the right heir from the real parents.

scholarly journals Family Life for Children in State Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-747
Author(s):  
Clarie Breen ◽  
Jenny Krutzinna ◽  
Katre Luhamaa ◽  
Marit Skivenes
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Foster Parents ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Family Unit ◽  
Theoretical Literature ◽  
Biological Parents ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Right

Abstract This paper examines what set of familial circumstances allow for the justifiable interference with the right to respect for family life under Article 8, echr. We analyse all the Courts’ judgments on adoptions from care to find out what the Court means by a “family unit” and the “child´s best interest”. Our analysis show that the status and respect of the child’s de facto family life is changing. This resonates with a view that children do not only have formal rights, but that they are recognised as individuals within the family unit that states and courts must address directly. Family is both biological parents and child relationships, as well between children and foster parents, and to a more limited extent between siblings themselves. The Court’s understanding of family is in line with the theoretical literature, wherein the concept of family reflects the bonds created by personal, caring relationships and activities.

scholarly journals Perkawinan Beda Agama Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2006 Tentang Administrasi Kependudukan (Tinjauan Hukum Islam)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Fakhrurrazi M.Yunus ◽  
Zahratul Aini
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Law ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstrak: Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2006 tentang Administrasi Kependudukan adanya Pasal yang mengatur tentang perkawinan beda agama, dalam Pasal 35 huruf (a) yang menyatakan bahwa perkawinan yang ditetapkan oleh pengadilan. Namun dalam Undang-Undang tersebut tidak diatur secara jelas, sehingga memberi peluang timbulnya dampak negatif. Namun yang diakui di Indonesia jika pasangan suami istri yang berbeda agama harus memeluk agama yang sama di salah satu pasangan dengan maksud mereka harus pindah agama baik memeluk agama istri maupun suami. Dengan adanya berbagai kemudharatan yang timbul, maka hal itu tidak sesuai dengan hukum Islam. Oleh karena itu, penulis ingin mengetahui dampak perkawinan beda agama yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2006 tentang administrasi  kependudukan dan tinjuan hukum Islam terhadap perkawinan beda agama dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 23 tahun 2006. Dalam penelitian ini, metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Kualitatif. Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian, dampak dari perkawinan beda agama yaitu dampak terhadap rumah tangga yang tidak harmonis menimbulkan kegelisahan, dan sulitnya berkomunikasi. Dampak terhadap anak yang membuat hubungan antara keluarga yaitu anak dan orang tua menjadi kacau dan tidak utuh karena mengetahui kedua orang tuanya berbeda keyakinan. Dampak terhadap harta warisan yang mengakibatkan anak yang lahir dari perkawinan beda agama tidak mempunyai hak untuk mendapatkan harta warisan apabila tidak seagama dengan pewaris yang dalam hal ini pewaris beragama Islam. Adapun tinjauan hukum Islam menyatakan bahwa perkawinan beda agama itu tidak sah, karena menurut fatwa MUI Nomor:4/MUNASVII/MUI/8/2005 menetapkan bahwa nikah beda agama hukumnya haram yang diperkuat dengan firmannya dalam surat al-mumtahanah ayat 10 dan al-baqarah ayat 221.Abstract: in Law No. 23 of 2006 on the administration of the population of the article governing the marriage of different religions, in article 35 letter (a) stating that the marriage is established by the court. But the law is not regulated, so it allows causing negative impacts. But it is recognized in Indonesia if different couples of religion must embrace the same religion in one partner with the intention they have to move religion both embrace the religion of the wife and husband. With the various blessings that arise, it is not under Islamic law. Therefore, the author wants to know the impact of the marriage of different religions organized in law Number 23 the year 2006 about the administration of population and the Islamic law to the marriage of different religions in the law Number 23 the year 2006. In this study, the research method used was qualitative. Based on the results of the study, the impact of the marriage of different religions is the impact on the unharmonious households raises anxiety, and difficulty communicating. The impact on the child who makes the relationship between the family is the child and the parent becomes chaotic and not intact because knowing both parents are different beliefs. The impact on the inheritance that resulted in children born from the marriage of different religions does not have the right to obtain inheritance if not as religious as the heir, in this case, Muslim heirs. The review of Islamic law states that the marriage of different religions is not valid, because according to fatwa MUI number: 4/MUNASVII/MUI/8/2005 stipulates that the marriage of different religious religion is haram strengthened by his word in Sura al-Mumtahanah verse 10 and al-Baqarah verses 221.

scholarly journals Vanhuksen oikeus hoivaan ja omaisolettama

Gerontologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-242
Author(s):  
Laura Kalliomaa-Puha
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive

Jokaisella vanhuksella on Suomessa yksilöllinen, viime kädessä perustuslaissa taattu, oikeus riittävään hoivaan ja huolenpitoon. Silti tämä oikeus on usein käytännössä riippuvainen siitä, onko vanhalla ihmisellä omaisia tukenaan. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan sitä, miten oikeus hoivaan ja hoitoon taataan lainsäädännössä. Omaisilla ei lain mukaan ole vastuuta hoivan järjestämisestä, mutta silti lainsäädäntö monessa kohdin ikään kuin olettaa omaisten olevan vanhuksen tukena. Vaikka omaiset usein ovatkin tukena, miten perusoikeus hoivaan ja huolenpitoon toteutuu niillä vanhuksilla, joilla ei ole omaisia? Artikkeli nostaa vakavimpana omaisolettaman riskinä esiin ne vanhukset, joilla on omaisia, mutta joiden omaiset eivät osaa tai halua auttaa. Right to care and presumption of family and friends in the Finnish legislation According to Finnish legislation the public authorities must guarantee adequate social, health and medical services for those old persons who cannot obtain means necessary for a life of dignity. Yet in practice this right to receive indispensable subsistence and care often depends on the fact whether the old person happens to have family or friends to help her or him. As if the legislation supposes there are friends and family to help, even though, according to Finnish law, family members do not have legal responsibility to take care of an elderly person. This article elaborates how the right to care is guaranteed in Finnish legislation and what the law says about the responsibilities of the family. Even though most of the relatives do help their elderlies, how is the right to care fulfilled for those old persons who do not have family? Perhaps the elderlies who have family and friends, which do not help or do not know how to, are in the most vulnerable situation.

scholarly journals Aantekeninge oor die Wet op Huurbehuising 50 van 1999

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
SPLR De la Harpe
Keyword(s):  
Rental Housing ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Rent Control ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

On 1 August 2000 the Rental Housing Act 50 of 1999 came into operation. This is a typical example of an act which attempts to, in conjunction with the private sector, provide for third generation fundamental rights. This note concentrates on the influence of the act on the contractual aspects of the rental agreement.Sections 4 and 5 have a direct influence on the relationship between the landlord and tenant. In particular matters like unfair discrimination and the right to privacy are addressed. Certain rights are afforded to third parties namely the members of the tenant’s household and bona fide visitors.Important aspects are inter alia the right to have the agreement reduced to writing and the provisions which are deemed to be contained in the agreement. This includes, amongst others, the right to receive receipts, certain information, payment of a deposit, interest on the deposit and the inspection of the property.The conclusion is made that the act is a welcome replacement of the Rent Control Act. There are however certain practicalities which could jeopardise the success of the act.  It is unlikely that the provinces have the capacity to implement the act. The protection provided by the act to the lower income groups may not materialise as they often do not know their rights and would often rather suffer the bad living conditions than risking the possibility of loosing it altogether by complaining.

scholarly journals Las espaldas de los médicos son anchas, ma non troppo

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Villanueva Cañadas
Keyword(s):  
Public Hospital ◽  
Total Change ◽  
Abortion Law ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Right ◽  
Life Threat ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Spanish Health ◽  
The Relationship

L’articolo prende in considerazione gli aspetti controversi della nuova legge sull’aborto in Spagna (attuata il 05.07.2010) con le dichiarazioni del ministro spagnolo della Sanità a proposito di come sarà la nuova legge per quel che concerne la questione del consenso di donne minori, di età compresa tra 16 e 17 anni che scelgono di non informare i propri genitori della loro decisione di avere un aborto. La nuova Legge prevede una modifica totale dalla precedente, dal momento che definisce l’aborto come un diritto per le donne. La nuova legge sull’aborto afferma che le donne hanno il diritto di avere un aborto in un ospedale pubblico, prima della quattordicesima settimana. La precedente legge sin dal 1985 aveva depenalizzato l’aborto in tre casi: aborto etico, quando la gravidanza era il risultato di stupro; eugenetico, quando c’era l’ipotesi di gravi malformazioni e problemi congeniti del feto, e terapeutico, quando c’era un pericolo di vita o un pericolo per la salute fisica o psichica della madre. In aggiunta a questi l’interruzione volontaria di gravidanza era regolata dalla tempistica: 12 e 22 settimane per quello etico ed eugenetico, rispettivamente, e senza limiti per quello terapeutico. L’autore dell’articolo critica il ragionamento del governo, al fine di cambiare la legge esistente, nonché la normativa del diritto all’obiezione di coscienza per l’esecuzione dell’aborto da parte dei medici. L’articolo richiama l’attenzione anche su uno degli aspetti più controversi di questa nuova legge, approvata senza il consenso sociale e politico: il diritto delle minorenni di abortire senza l’informazione e il consenso dei genitori o dei tutori legali, se queste giovani donne dichiarano che ottenere il permesso potrebbe rappresentare un problema nella relazione all’interno della famiglia. La nuova legge rende i medici responsabili di indagare la verità dietro il presunto conflitto familiare, quando vengono contattati per un caso senza il consenso paterno. L’autore dell’articolo mette in evidenza criticamente il ruolo di “poliziotti” dato ai medici costretti a indagare le circostanze personali del tutto sconosciuta alle adolescenti che si rivolgono a loro con l’intenzione di avere un aborto. Questo non è un atto medico e i medici non possono essere gravati da questo tipo di responsabilità. ---------- The article takes into consideration the controversial aspects of the new Abortion Law in Spain (to be implemented 05.07.10) using the Declarations of the Spanish Health Minister about how will the new Law resolve the matter of consent in under-age women, aged 16 and 17 years old if they choose not to inform their parents of their decision of having an abortion. The New Law means a total change from the previous one as it defines the abortion as a Right for women. The New Abortion Law states that women have the right to have an abortion in a public hospital before the 14th week. The former Law from 1985 decriminalized abortion in three cases: ethical abortion, when the pregnancy was the result of rape; eugenic, when there was the assumption of serious malformations and congenital problems in the foetus; and therapeutical, when there was a life threat or any danger to the physical or psychical health of the mother. In addition to these the voluntary interruption of a pregnancy was subjected to time frames: 12 and 22 weeks for ethical and eugenic respectively and unlimited to therapeutical. The author of the article criticises the government’s reasoning in order to change the existing law as well as the regulations of the Right of Conscientious Objection to the performance of an abortion by doctors. The article draws attention also to one of the most controversial aspects of this new law, passed without social or political consensus: the right of under- age women to have an abortion without informing and getting the consent of their parents or legal tutors, if these young women declare that getting permission could represent a problem in the relationship within the family. The new law makes doctors responsible of investigating the truth behind the alleged family conflict when they are approached by a case without paternal consent. The author of the article critically points out the role of “policemen” given to doctors forced to investigate personal circumstances of completely unknown adolescents that come to them with the intention of having an abortion. This is not a medical act and doctors can not be burdened by this kind of responsibility.

Oldest representative of the family Palaeozygopleuridae (Gastropoda) with notes on its higher taxonomy

1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 822-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Frýda
Keyword(s):  
Lower Devonian ◽  
Mantle Cavity ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Progressive Loss ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Family ◽  
Gradual Disappearance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The oldest representative of the family Palaeozygopleuridae (Loxonematoidea, Gastropoda), Palaeozygopleura chlupaci n. sp., from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian, Monograptus uniformis Zone) of Bohemia is described. Also, its higher taxonomic position and the relationship of the families Loxonematidae and Palaeozygopleuridae are discussed. The diagnoses of both families give no unambiguous criteria for their distinction and their revision is necessary. The gradual disappearance of the deep, asymmetrical sinus in the apertural lip during the phylogeny of loxonematoidean gastropods could probably occur by two different modes and it could be produced by other changes in the mantle cavity rather than by progressive loss of the right-hand ctenidium. The family Palaeozygopleuridae is considered to be polyphyletic and, thus, is an artificial group.

scholarly journals Perlindungan Hukum Anak Dalam Keluarga Poligami Ditinjau dari Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Warsono Warsono
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Harmony ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to analyze the implementation of legal protection for children in polygamous families in terms of Islamic and positive law in Metro City, the inhibiting factors and efforts to overcome the obstacles that occur in polygamous families in terms of Islamic law and positive law in Metro City. This research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection was done by means of interviews and documentation. Data were analyzed by means of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the analysis, the implementation of legal protection for children in a polygamous family in terms of Islamic law and positive, that is, legally positive has not been carried out well, but there is one family that is carried out, this is due to several factors, namely raising and caring for children, meeting all the necessities of life. and maintaining honor, responsibility, guiding and educating, as well as maintaining the health and welfare of children. Meanwhile, from Islamic law, there is something that is well implemented and also unlike the child's right to live, namely, children's rights in the clarity of their lines, children's rights in giving a good name, children's rights to obtain breast milk, children's rights to receive care, children's rights in property ownership. objects, children's rights in obtaining education and teaching. The factors that inhibit the needs of polygamous children, the educational factor of children in polygamous families, the factors of the relationship between children from polygamous families, and the factors of the relationship between children and parents. As well as efforts to overcome obstacles that occur in a polygamous family, namely upholding the husband's leadership in the family, the objectivity and neutrality of the husband, husband's justice, the husband acts wisely, the husband's love, the husband dares to give in for the sake of family harmony, the husband can maintain a balance of rights and obligations.

scholarly journals HARTA WARIS PADA ANAK ANGKAT MENURUT KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM DI PENGADILAN AGAMA SAMARINDA

LEGALITAS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Abdul Rokhim
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Adoptive Parents ◽  
Adopted Children ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
Humanitarian Mission ◽  
Biological Parents ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive ◽  
General Adoption

In general, adoption according to law is the transfer of a child to adoptive parents from the biological parents in its entirety and is carried out according to legal local customs. So, the biological parents have let go of the child, and the responsibility shifts to the parents who adopted him. Although the Qur'an does not give adopted children the right to inherit from their adoptive parents, this is regulated in the Compilation of Islamic Law which is a human product from various schools of thought and made as a source of law in our country by providing provisions. that adopted children are entitled to receive a share of the inheritance.The legal position of the adopted child will result in that in general the child will have an inheritance relationship with the adoptive parents and inherit from the original parent will be removed based on Article 209 Paragraph 2 Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), adopted children who do not receive a will will be given mandatory will. The position of adopted children according to Islamic inheritance law is not getting their inheritance rights from their adoptive parents, but still as legitimate children based on a court decision by not deciding the lineage / blood with their biological parents, because the principle of adoption according to the Islamic Law Compilation is a manifestation of faith that carrying a humanitarian mission that is manifested in the form of maintenance in its growth and development by fulfilling all its needs.Regarding the distribution of inheritance in the Compilation of Islamic Law Article 209 paragraph (2) for adopted children who do not receive a will but are given what is called a will, obligatory maximum of 1/3 (one third) of the inheritance of their adoptive parents, as stated in Article 195 paragraph (2) will allow a maximum will of only 1/3 of the inheritance unless all the heirs agree.

scholarly journals RELASI KUASA PADA PERNIKAHAN POLIGAMI DALAM PERSPEKTIF KEKERASAN SIMBOLIK

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-66
Author(s):  
Maulana Hazmi
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Husband And Wife

This research is based on the researcher's interest in how the relationship between men and women in polygamous marriages. This study aims to describe what makes women willing to be polygamous and what kind of relationship exists between husband and wife in a polygamous family. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data collection techniques used are through observation techniques, in-depth interviews, documentation and literature study on related documents. The results showed that in a polygamous family there is a discourse battle, this discourse battle is won by the husband, so that the husband has the right to determine the values ​​used in the family. In polygamous marriages, religion is used and believed to be the dominant discourse. Capital accumulation also affects the position of husband and wife in the family, including economic, social, cultural and symbolic capital. This form of domination carried out by the husband and not being aware of the domination by the wife who works subtly is called by Bourdieu as a form of symbolic violence.

HUBUNGAN POLA ASUH ORANGTUA DENGAN KEMANDIRIAN KEBERSIHAN PERORANGAN PADA ANAK PRA SEKOLAH DI TAMAN KANAK-KANAK KARTIKA MANADO

e-NERS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurfiana Matfikih ◽  
Sarah M. Warouw ◽  
Julia Rottie
Keyword(s):  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: Independence of self is one of the most important aspects that should be possessed by each individual and the child, because in addition to affect performance, it also serves to help achieve the goal of life, achievements, success and earn rewards. Without the support of an independent nature, the individual and the child will be difficult to reach something in the maximum, and it will also be difficult to achieve succes. The  support of parents and the right of parenting, in accordance with conditions expected to establish children in pre-school indepedence in the exercise of an daily personal hygiene. This research to know the relationship of parenting parents with personal hygiene independence to children in pre-school at Kindergarten of Kartika Manado. The design of this study using the cross sectional approach. The method of sampling in this study is a total sampling way that some 50 parents/guardians of students. This study used a questionnaire instrument and analys Chi-Square statistical test at a significance level of 95 %: (α 0,05). The result showed there were 19 samples that had authotitarian parents, 12 samples didn’t have the independence in maintaining personal hygiene and 7 samples are independent. There are 31 samples that have parents democratic, 7 samples don’t have the independence in maintaining personal hygiene and 24 samples are independent. Result of Chi-Square test (X2) at 95 % confidence level (α 0,05), showed an association with parenting parents with personal hygiene independence to children in pre-school at Kindergarten of Kartika Manado, where the value of ρ=0,004, smaller than α=0,05. Democratic parenting was able to indepedence to children to maintain personal hygiene, it’s expected that managers at Kindergarten of Kartika Manado to promote democratic parenting to parents, so that parents can implement it in the family life. Keywords: The Parenting Parents, personal hygiene independence to children in pre-school.     Abstrak: Kemandirian merupakan salah satu aspek terpenting yang harus dimiliki setiap individu dan anak, karena selain dapat mempengaruhi kinerja, juga berfungsi untuk membantu mencapai tujuan hidup, prestasi, kesuksesan serta memperoleh penghargaan. Tanpa didukung oleh sifat mandiri, maka individu maupun anak akan sulit untuk mencapai sesuatu secara maksimal, dan akan sulit pula untuk meraih kesuksesan. Dukungan orangtua serta pola asuh yang tepat, sesuai dengan keadaan anak diharapkan mampu membentuk kemandirian anak pra sekolah dalam pelaksanaan kebersihan perorangan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola asuh orangtua dengan kemandirian kebersihan perorangan pada anak pra sekolah di Taman Kanak-Kanak Kartika Manado. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Cara pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan cara total sampling yaitu sejumlah 50 orangtua/wali siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen kuesioner dan dianalisa menggunkan uji statistic Chi-Square pada tingkat kemaknaan 95 %: (α 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 19 sampel yang memiliki orang tua otoriter, 12 sampel tidak memiliki kemandirian dalam menjaga kebersihan perorangan dan 7 sampel memiliki kemandirian. Dari 31 sampel yang memiliki orang tua demokratis, 7 sampel tidak memiliki kemandirian dalam menjaga kebersihan perorangan dan 24 sampel memiliki kemandirian. Hasil uji Chi Square (X2) pada tingkat  kepercayaan 95% (α 0,05), menunjukkan ada hubungan hubungan pola asuh orangtua dengan kemandirian kebersihan perorangan pada anak pra sekolah di Taman Kanak-Kanak Kartika Manado, dimana nilai ρ= 0,004, lebih kecil dari α=0,05. Pola asuh demokratis ternyata mampu memandirikan anak pra sekolah untuk menjaga kebersihan perorangan, diharapkan agar pengelola Taman Kanak-Kanak Kartika Manado mensosialisasikan pola asuh demokratis kepada orang tua, agar orang tua dapat mengimplementasikannya di dalam kehidupan berkeluarga. Kata Kunci: Pola Asuh Orangtua, Kemandirian Kebersihan Perorangan Anak Pra Sekolah.

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