Metabolic syndrome and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in obese children: the relationship with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)

AbstractBackground:Childhood obesity and its complications are serious health problems and diet/lifestyle changes can be beneficial for the prevention of diseases. Adaptation of the Healthy Lifestyle-Diet (HLD) Index in accordance with the dietary guidelines for Turkey (TR) and determination of the relationship between metabolic syndrome risk factors in obese children were the aims of this study.Methods:This study was conducted on 164 overweight or obese children (87 male, 77 female) aged 9–13 years. For all participants, the HLD-TR Index and a 24-h dietary recall were performed and the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) was calculated. Anthropometric measurements and the body composition of the children were taken. Metabolic syndrome risk factors and insulin resistance were assessed.Results:The mean age of the male and female children was 11.2±1.49 and 11.0±1.40 years, respectively. The majority of the children were obese in both genders. There were no statistically significant differences in the HLD-TR scores between the genders. As the index scores increased, a decrease in the energy intake and an increase in the MAR were observed. Negative correlations between the index scores and body mass, waist circumference and body fat mass were observed. Furthermore, a one-unit increase in the index score decreases the insulin resistance risk by 0.91 times after adjustments for age and gender (odds ratio: 0.91 [0.85–0.97]).Conclusions:The HLD-TR Index is a valid tool that can give an idea about the quality of the diet in obese children. Furthermore, with the increase in the compliance with recommendations for diet/lifestyle changes, indicators of obesity and metabolic syndrome were decreased.

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Osteoprotegerin in Cardiometabolic Disorders

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2015/564934 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

C. Pérez de Ciriza ◽

A. Lawrie ◽

N. Varo

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Bone Remodelling ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽

Obesity Hypertension ◽

The Relationship

Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a glycoprotein traditionally implicated in bone remodelling, has been recently related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Human studies show a positive relationship between circulating OPG, vascular damage, and CVD, and as such OPG has emerged as a potential biomarker for CVD. This review focuses on the relationship between circulating OPG and different endocrine cardiometabolic alterations such as type 1 and 2 diabetes. The association of OPG with diabetic complications (neuropathy, nephropathy, or retinopathy) as well as with atherosclerosis, coronary artery calcification, morbidity, and mortality is pointed out. Moreover, OPG modulation by different treatments is also established. Besides, other associated diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome, which are known cardiovascular risk factors, are also considered.

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Serum uric acid and its association with metabolic syndrome and carotid atherosclerosis in obese children

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-08-0618 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 160 (1) ◽

pp. 45-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Lucia Pacifico ◽

Vito Cantisani ◽

Caterina Anania ◽

Elisabetta Bonaiuto ◽

Francesco Martino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Obese Children ◽

Pubertal Stage ◽

Carotid Imt

ObjectiveThe association between hyperuricemia, metabolic syndrome (MS), and atherosclerotic vascular disease has been reported in adults, but very little is known about this association in children. The aims of our study were to ascertain the correlates of uric acid (UA) in a sample of obese children, and to investigate whether UA is associated with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) independently from classical risk factors including MS.MethodsWe analyzed carotid IMT along with serum triglycerides, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index (as homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltransferase, creatinine, and UA in 120 obese children and 50 healthy control children.ResultsUA concentrations were significantly higher in obese children compared with controls; moreover, they correlated with the most established cardiovascular risk factors. In the group of obese children, after adjustment for age, sex, pubertal stage, and creatinine, an independent association between UA levels and the presence of MS syndrome was observed (unstandardized coefficient, 0.044 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.015–0.072); P<0.01). Carotid IMT significantly increased in the fourth quartile of UA compared with that in the first, second, and third quartile (0.49 (0.46–0.53), 0.53 (0.49–0.56), and 0.55 (0.52–0.59) vs 0.61 (95% CI, 0.58–0.64); P<0.01). When multivariate analysis was performed after adjusting for age, gender, pubertal stage, creatinine, and MS (considered as a single clinical entity), or the individual components of MS simultaneously included, the association between UA and carotid IMT was significant (P<0.01).ConclusionsIn obese children and adolescents, increased UA levels are associated with carotid atherosclerosis.

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Adiponectin and its gene variants as risk factors for insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease

Atherosclerosis ◽

10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.02.010 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 188 (2) ◽

pp. 231-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 111

Author(s):

D.R. Gable ◽

S.J. Hurel ◽

S.E. Humphries

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Gene Variants ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Its Gene

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Type D personality and metabolic syndrome among Finnish female municipal workers

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-020-01052-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Susa Majaluoma ◽

Tellervo Seppälä ◽

Hannu Kautiainen ◽

Päivi Korhonen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Type D Personality ◽

Female Population ◽

Type D ◽

Working Age ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Type D personality is a combination of high negative affectivity (NA) and high social inhibition (SI). This personality trait is suspected to impair cardiovascular patients’ recovery. The 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice recommend screening of psychosocial risk factors as Type D personality. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between Type D personality and Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in working-age female population. Methods Six hundred thirty-four female employees with mean age of 48 ± 10 years were evaluated. Type D personality and its components (NA) and (SI) were screened with DS14 questionnaire. The definition of MetS was based on measurements done by trained medical staff. We investigated the relationship between Mets and Type D personality, NA and SI using the logistic regression models adjusting for age, education years, leisure-time physical activity, smoking, alcohol use and depressive symptoms. Results The prevalence of Type D personality was 10.6% (n = 67) [95% CI: 8.3 to 13.2] and MetS 34.7% (n = 220). Type D personality or its subcomponents were not associated with MetS. Women with Type D personality had significantly worse quality of sleep and lower LTPA. They were also more often unsatisfied with their economic situation, they had more often depressive symptoms and psychiatric disorders than non-D type persons. There were no differences in risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion Screening for Type D personality among working- age, reasonably healthy female population seems not to be practical method for finding persons with risk for cardiovascular disease.

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Evaluate the effects of metabolic syndrome in adolescents and children

Frontiers of Nursing ◽

10.2478/fon-2020-0028 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 287-292

Author(s):

Rui-Min Jia ◽

Xiao-Ning Yan ◽

Jing Sun

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Obese Children ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Disease Outcomes ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Underlying Pathophysiology

AbstractThe metabolic syndrome (MS) in adolescents and children can cause serious consequences that lead researchers to pay efforts to study in such area. Presently, MS definition is still not standardized. Different versions of MS definition have been used by numerous studies, which may be a problem to identify MS and then to predict and prevent clinical diseases. The pediatric literature shows that insulin resistance and obesity might be the key underlying pathophysiology of MS to cause many related diseases. High prevalence of MS is in overweight and obese children and adolescents. This article focuses on such above issues and also effects of MS on two main disease outcomes: cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

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Metabolic syndrome and the menopause

Menopause International: The Integrated Journal of Postreproductive Health ◽

10.1258/mi.2007.007032 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 21-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Risto J Kaaja

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Pharmacological Therapy ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Atherogenic Dyslipidaemia ◽

Ovarian Syndrome

The metabolic syndrome consists of a combination of risk factors that include abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidaemia, hypertension and insulin resistance. It increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The increased risk of cardiovascular disease is higher in women than in men. The first manifestation of metabolic syndrome may occur in pregnancy presenting as gestational diabetes or preeclampsia. Both conditions are associated with increased insulin resistance. Also metabolic syndrome is more common in polycystic ovarian syndrome. It has been suggested that there is a metabolic syndrome resulting from the menopause due to estrogen deficiency, as many of the risk factors are more prevalent in postmenopausal women. Also estrogen replacement improves insulin sensitivity and reduces the risk of diabetes. The key elements in managing the metabolic syndrome are weight reduction, increasing physical activity and diet modification. If blood pressure, lipid and glycaemic control are not achieved through these interventions then pharmacological therapy will be required.

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