scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS OF STUBBS CREEK, IBENO, AKWA IBOM, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Henry Robert Anwan ◽  
Martins Agenuma Anetekhai ◽  
Gabriel Olarinde Mekuleyi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Spatial And Seasonal Variation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

The present study examined some physico-chemical characteristics (temperature, pH, total hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solid(TDS), conductivity, transparency, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), acidity and alkalinity) and some heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr and Ni) concentration of Stubbs Creek, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria between August 2014 and July, 2015. Six sampling stations (Mkpanak, Okpot Ikot, Ebana Mbri, Esit Eket, Okpuk and Ikot Ebia Anam) in Stubbs Creek were selected. Water samples were analyzed using APHA-AWWA-WPCF methods while heavy metals in the water samples were digested and determined using UNICAM 939 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean values of water parameters of Stubbs Creek are: temperature (27.22 ± 0.230C); pH (6.83 ± 0.13), DO (3.86 ± 0.20 mg/L), BOD (2.84 ± 0.11 mg/L), conductivity (522.23 ±69.12 µScm-1), TDS (288.83 ± 39.50 mg/L), transparency (0.86 ± 0.05m), alkalinity (95.51± 6.44mg/L), acidity (97.03±7.45) and total hardness(12.11±1.55).Only TDS, conductivity, alkalinity and total hardness showed significant (p<0.05) spatial variation across the sampling stations. However, the values of temperature, TDS, conductivity, alkalinity and total hardness indicated significant seasonal variation. Similarly, there were no significant (p<0.05) spatial and seasonal variation in the values of heavy metals recorded across the sampling stations. All the physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals in this study are below the maximum permissible limit recommended by WHO. The result showed that Stubbs Creek is less polluted at present and safe for the biota. However, responsible use of the water bodies by all and sundry should be maintained in order to preclude problems common with effluents discharge.

scholarly journals Assessment on the level of contamination of Turag river at Tongi area in Dhaka

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS Ahmed ◽  
AKML Rahman ◽  
M Sarkar ◽  
JB Islam ◽  
IA Jahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Standard Level ◽  
Safe Limits ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Assessment on the level of pollution of Turag river water was performed by measuring various physico-chemical parameters. Water samples were collected five times in a year both dry and rainy season at five different locations: Bishwa Ijtema field, Tongi Bridge, Kachare ghate, River side of Dhaka Dying and Effluent of Dhaka Dying. Most of the measured parameters exceeded the permissible limit of standard level. Values for different parameters at different points were recorded such as Temperature (T): 23.9 to 31.2°C, pH: 7.2 to 10.1, Salinity: 64 to 933 ppm, Total dissolved solid (TDS): 90 to 1244 ppm, Electrical Conductivity (EC): 135 to 1856 µs/cm, Dissolve oxygen (DO): 0.5 to 3.6 mg/L and Chemical oxygen demand (COD): 220 to 1170 mg/L. The concentration (ppm) of heavy metals were also observed such as Chromium (Cr) 0.0339 to 0.6334, Cadmium (Cd) 0.0068 to 0.0170, Nickel (Ni) 0.1282 to 0.6207, Cooper (Cu) 0.0148 to 0.1703 and Zink (Zn) 0.0366 to 0.1890 at dry season. The values of different parameters determined are above the safe limits recommended by DoE, EQS and WHO. Therefore, it can be concluded that water relieved from selected locations were not suitable for human consumption during the period of experiments.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(3), 193-202, 2016

Physico-Chemical Analysis of Selected Potable Water in Parts of Mamit District, Mizoram

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
B Ramngaihawma ◽  
◽  
Shiva Kumar ◽  
V.K Bharti ◽  
Malsawm tluanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Physico Chemical

In the present study, physico-chemical characteristics of potable water from the selected area in the central part of Mamit district, Mizoram were analysed to obtain the quality level for domestic uses. During the non-monsoon period, the residents in the selected area mainly depend on perennial spring (Tuikhur), hand pump, and rainwater harvesting without any treatment for drinking and other domestic purposes. A total of 17 potable water samples were collected from 6 different stations in the study area. The water samples were analysed for their physico-chemical characteristics, viz. pH, Turbidity, EC, Total Dissolve Solids, Total Hardness, Total Alkalinity, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, and sulphate. On comparing the results against water quality standards and standard values recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS), it is found that most of the water samples are well within the permissible limit and suitable for drinking and domestic purposes. Analysis of heavy metals such as Iron, Zinc, Cadmium, Magnesium, Copper, Lead, Potassium, Chromium, Manganese, Calcium, Arsenic, and Sodium was also carried out by using Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (MPAES). The concentrations of heavy metals were also found within the acceptable limits as per WHO and BIS guidelines.

scholarly journals Analyzes of Physico-chemical Parameters of Surface Waters from Ogunpa River, Ibadan, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ogungbile Peter ◽  
A. Akande John ◽  
Akintunde Emmanuel ◽  
O. Odekunle
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water Test

Physico-chemical indices of waters from Ogunpa River were examined for locational differences; seasonal variation; and to know if gradient effect is associated with the pollution dynamics. Data obtained were analyzed and compared with WHO thresholds for those parameters in water. Test results gave the following mean values viz:-Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 226.81mg/L, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 278.14 mg/L, Temperature (TºC) 27.18ºC, pH 7.57, Electrical Conductivity (EC) 191.28 µs/cm, Sulphate (SO42-) 0.03 mg/L, Phosphate (PO42-) 0.03 mg/L, Nitrate (NO3-) 0.02 mg/L, Chloride(Cl-)  0.03 mg/L, Total Hardness (TH) 185.71mg/L, Alkalinity (Alk) 180.14 mg/L, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 8.60 mg/L, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 0.59 mg/L and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 109.89 mg/L. Variation arising from locations and seasonal effects were analyzed using ANOVA at P<0.05 and the outcome presented no seasonal variation in all the parameters except for Cl-, TH, Alk, and COD. Also no significant variation between the test locations except for PO42 and BOD. When compared to WHO recommended limits, values obtained were generally lower except for TH and COD that were above. It is concluded that  surface waters from Ogunpa River, at the time of study, is within the recommended WHO values for normal survival and living of aquatic organisms.

scholarly journals Water Quality Assessment Using Physico-Chemical Parameters and Heavy Metals of Gobind Sagar Lake, Himachal Pradesh (India)

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 967-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana Sharma ◽  
Yogesh Walia
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Physico Chemical

Today the environment has become harmful for the health of living organisms due to excessive pollution and contamination of natural resources. The present investigation has been carried out with the objective to assess the water quality of the Gobind Sagar Lake, Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh (India) using physico-chemical parameters with heavy metals of the lake. For this study, three sampling sites were identified and samples from different sites were collected in summer season and important parameters [Water Temperature, pH, Total Hardness, Dissolved Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chloride, Total Alkalinity, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS)] with heavy metals [ Lead (P), Copper (Co), Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni) and Manganese (Mn), Chromium (Cr) were analyzed. The results revealed that the different conditions of Gobind Sagar Lake in different sampling stations showed fluctuations in some physico-chemical parameters and also in heavy metals. These result depicted that water of lake was polluted in the form of nutrient enrichment which is due to agricultural activities and its runoff in and around catchment area of the lake. There are other many ways that things can end up in the lake as the free style way of disposal of industrial and domestic effluents etc. Results of studies on heavy metals in pollution are well documented revealing the toxic effects of these metals on aquatic organisms.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF SEASONAL PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF OGUTA LAKE, NIGERIA.

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3759-3764
Author(s):  
Ukiwe L.N ◽  
C.I.A Nwoko ◽  
U.U. Egereonu ◽  
S.N. Ukachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Dry Seasons

Seasonal variation of physico-chemical variables of Oguta Lake, Nigeria was studied. Results obtained using standard analytical methods indicated that in the rainy and dry seasons (July and August) and (October and November), 2014, iron (Fe; 1.401 mg/l in November) was the overall metal observed in the lake, while mercury (Hg) was not detected throughout the period of study. Heavy metals concentrations observed were higher (not significantly) during the dry than the rainy season. The values observed for dissolved oxygen (DO), biological and chemical oxygen demand (BOD and COD) were within WHO permissible limits. The above evidence revealed that there was signs of heavy metal (Fe) pollution of the lake, and steps must be taking for constant monitoring of anthropogenic inputs into the lake. 

scholarly journals Assessment of physico-chemical parameters of River Kaduna and College of Agriculture and Animal Science Dam, (CAAS) Kaduna, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 691-699
Author(s):  
R.O. Ojutiku ◽  
S Habibu ◽  
R.J. Kolo ◽  
J.O. Oyero
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Physico Chemical

River Kaduna is one of the major sources of water to the inhabitants of the communities around the river and also to fish farmers while College of Agriculture and Animal Science Dam (CAAS) is used for fish farming and also for domestic purpose. The study was carried out to assess Physicochemical Parameters of River Kaduna and College of Agriculture and Animal Science Dam, Kaduna. The result of seasonal variation of physicochemical parameters between River Kaduna and College of Agriculture and Animal Science Dam, revealed that the atmospheric temperature (AT) ranged from 32.8 to 33.60C, pH at 7.1, conductivity ranged from 83.7 to 139.7µs/cm, dissolved oxygen ranged from 9.2 to 9.4 mg/l, biological oxygen demand ranged from 5.2 to 5.9 mg/l, water temperature (WT) at 29.20C, total hardness ranged from 37.4 to 58.0 mg/l, alkalinity ranged from 18.8 ton29.7 mg/l, chloride ranged from 14.8 to 15.9 mg/l, nitrate and phosphorus ranged from 0.1 to 0.2 mg/l while transparency ranged from 21.4 to 22.3 cm respectively. The seasonal variation result revealed that both at the Dam and river, AT, pH, DO, WT, Chloride, Nitrate, Phosphorus and Transparency values were not significantly different while conductivity, BOD, TH, Alkalinity and Ammonia were significantly different. However, they were significantly difference from one month to another (wet and dry season months respectively).Keywords: Physico-chemical parameters, River Kaduna, CAAS Dam

scholarly journals Seasonal variation and correlation between the physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of Nile water in selected area in Egypt (Case study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1160
Author(s):  
Ghadir El-Chaghaby ◽  
Sayed Rashad ◽  
Muhammad Abdul Moneem
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Physical Chemical

Fresh water resources in terms of water quality is a crucial issue worldwide. In Egypt, the Nile River is the main source of fresh water in the country and monitoring its water quality is a major task on governments and research levels. In the present case study, the physical, chemical and algal distribution in Nile River was monitored over two seasons (winter and summer) in 2019. The aims of the study were to check the seasonal variation among the different water parameters and also to check the correlations between those parameters. Water samples were collected from the Nile in Cairo governorate in EGYPT. The different physiochemical and microbiological properties in water samples were assessed. The studied parameters were included: temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, pH, electric conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, anions and cations. Also, the total algae count, blue-green algae, green algae, diatoms, unicellular and filamentous algae were monitored. The results revealed that during winter season the values recorded for (turbidity, total dissolved solids, pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand as well as nitrate, sulfate, chloride, fluoride ions, calcium and magnesium) were higher than during summer. While other parameters including ammonia, nitrite, silicate, carbon dioxide, phosphate, manganese, iron and residual aluminium were higher in summer compared to winter. The data showed a variation total algal count of 4600 to 6500 unit/ml in winter and varied from 3100 to 4500 unit/ml during summer season with predominance of diatoms. The recorded Pearson’s correlations indicated several significant correlations between tested parameters. In conclusion, although there were several variations in tested water quality parameters though all results were within the permissible limits set by the World Health Organization for drinking water.

scholarly journals Comparative Physicochemical and Microbiological Qualities of Source and Stored Household Waters in Some Selected Communities in Southwestern Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary A. Bisi-Johnson ◽  
Kehinde A. Adediran ◽  
Saheed A. Akinola ◽  
Elizabeth O. Popoola ◽  
Anthony I. Okoh
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

In this study, we evaluated the physicochemical and microbial qualities of source and stored household waters in some communities in Southwestern Nigeria using standard methods. Compared parameters include physicochemical constituents; Temperature (T), pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Magnesium ion (Mg2+) and Calcium ion (Ca2+) and microbiological parameters included Total Coliform Counts (TC), Faecal Coliform Counts (FC), Fungal Counts (Fung C), Heterotrophic Plate Counts (HPC). Comparing Stored and Source samples, the mean values of some physicochemical parameters of most of the stored water samples significantly (P&lt;0.05) exceeded that of Sources and ranged in the following order: T (15.3&plusmn;0.3oC - 28.3&plusmn;0.5oC), pH (6.4&plusmn;0.1 - 7.6&plusmn;0.1), TDS (192.1&plusmn;11.1 ppm - 473.7&plusmn;27.9 ppm), TH (10.6&plusmn;1.7 mg/L - 248.6&plusmn;18.6 mg/L), BOD (0.5&plusmn;0.0 mg/L - 3.2&plusmn;0.3 mg/L), Mg2+ (6.5&plusmn;2.4 mg/L - 29.1&plusmn;3.2 mg/L) and Ca2+ (6.5&plusmn;2.4 mg/L - 51.6&plusmn;4.4 mg/L). The mean microbial counts obtained from microbial comparison of different points (Stored and Source) of collection showed that most of the stored water had counts significantly exceeding (P&lt;0.05) those of the source water samples (cfu/100 mL) which ranged as follows: TC (3.1&plusmn;1.5 - 156.8&plusmn;42.9), FC (0.0&plusmn;0.0 - 64.3&plusmn;14.2) and HPC (47.8&plusmn;12.1 - 266.1&plusmn;12.2) across all sampled communities. Also, the predominant isolates recovered from the samples were identified as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Aspergillus spp, Mucor spp, Rhizopus spp and Candida spp. The presence of these pathogenic and potentially pathogenic organisms in the waters and the high counts of the indicator organisms suggest the waters to be a threat to public health.

scholarly journals Monitoring Pollution of the Tigris River in Baghdad by Studying Physico-Chemical Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montazer K. Mensoor
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Phosphate Nitrate ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract The current study aimed at exploring and identifying pollution indicators of the Tigris River in Baghdad through studying physical and chemical characteristics. Monthly water samples were collected from four locations along the Tigris River in Baghdad for 12 months period. The studied characteristics of the current study included surface water temperature, pH, turbidity, salinity, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, total hardness, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, phosphate, nitrate, and Sulphate. The results showed that the mean values of all the studied physical and chemical characteristics except pH, temperature, and phosphate were higher than the acceptable limits of the Iraqi river water guidelines and international standards. The current study concluded that the Tigris River water was heavily polluted from untreated sewage discharge and other industrial, agricultural, and domestic activities. The study recommended immediate measures to be taken to end the nonstop inflow of sewage and wastes into the Tigris River water from the residential, commercial, and institutional activities in Baghdad.

INVESTIGATING THE QUALITY OF WATER STORED IN PLASTIC TANKS IN UMARU MUSA YAR’ADUA UNIVERSITY KATSINA, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
MUDASSIR HASSAN ◽  
A. Hussaini ◽  
A. Musa ◽  
M. Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical

Water is one of the most important natural resources which play an essential role in human life. Most of the Nigerian institutions stored water in either plastic or overhead tanks for different purposes. However, there has been a growing concern over the safety of the stored water for human consumption following reported cases of microbial occurrence in water stored in tanks. This study aimed at investigating the water quality stored in plastic tanks in Umaru Musa Yar’adua University Katsina. Water samples were collected from plastic tanks and analyzed for some physico-chemical and heavy metals parameters. The result of physico-chemical parameters obtained shows that only dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand were observed above the maximum permissible limit for drinking recommended by WHO and NSDWQ with the mean value of 55.18 mg/l, 38.86 mg/l and 38.08 mg/l respectively. While the remaining parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, total suspended solid, alkalinity, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, chloride and total hardness were found within the acceptable limit. However, analyzed result of heavy metals parameters revealed that all parameters were observed within desirable limit by WHO and NSDWQ for drinking water and suggested that the quality of water stored in plastic tanks was very good. It is concluded that, the quality of water stored in plastic tanks is suitable for human consumption. It is therefore recommended that, continuous monitoring of the water should be maintain so as to ascertain the safety of the water

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