STUDIES OF FAMILY RELATIONS TEST PATTERNS. II: MOST-MENTIONED FAMILY MEMBERS AND INTER-SIBLING INVOLVEMENT

1973 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Lockwood ◽  
Barry P. Frost

This paper analyses the Family Relations Test protocols of 197 eleven-year-old boys with respect to the dimension of “most-mentioned family member” and of 141 of these boys with respect to “choice of sibling”. The sample was drawn from boys referred for school problems. The results show that (a) the mean and frequency methods of calculating the most-mentioned family member do not differ greatly; however, the latter is to be preferred on grounds of greater psychological meaning; (b) in this sample of referred boys, a sibling is the most-mentioned family member; (c) there is a significant difference between the mean number of items given to Mother and Father by eleven-year-old boys in the referred group as compared with a normative group; (d) subjects from small families are not more involved with their parents than are subjects from large families; (e) boys from large families do not give more items to their next oldest and/or their next youngest siblings as compared with siblings in other ordinal positions.

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhail Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Dr. Shawkat Ahmad Shah

While trying to portray the picture of mayhem and woes of family members of those who disappeared, it fails to fully convey the agony of the survivors. Their emotions are so intense that a normal person can hardly help his emotional shutters. Even a single experience with a family member of a disappeared person makes one to ponder that how unbearable it is to be a mother, father, wife or son of disappeared person. Their search for the disappeared family member along with hardships of daily life, social stigmas, economic and educational needs have left their mental health par below average level. One finds the words of depression, stress, anxiety, sleeplessness and melancholy in their everyday lexicon. With such a despondent picture of family members of disappeared persons in mind, the present attempt was made to study the nature of their mental health. To achieve this objective, data was collected from 217 family members of disappeared persons of Kashmir. The frequency method and t-test were used to obtain the results. The results of the study showed that majority of the family members scored high in negative dimensions of mental health namely, anxiety, depression and loss of behavioral and emotional control and low in positive dimensions of mental health namely, general positive affect, emotional ties and life satisfaction. A significant difference was found in mental health on the basis of gender, age and family type.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamileh Mokhtari Nouri ◽  
Leila Safaeipour ◽  
Zohreh Vafadar ◽  
Seyed Tayeb Moradian

Abstract Background Family-centered care has been considered as a philosophy of care. Family presence in intensive care units (ICUs), especially in the acute phase of the disease is controversial. This study has been carried out in order to determine the effect of the family presence on anxiety and agitation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Materials and methods In a clinical trial, 70 patients were randomly allocated into groups of experimental and control. In the experimental group, during the weaning process from the mechanical ventilation, a family member was present at the bedside. The degree of anxiety and Richmond’s Agitation and Sedation Scale (RASS) were compared in seven consecutive time stages, including the time of entry into the ICU, the first respiratory drive, the family entrance, 20 min and 1 h after the presence of the family member, the time of extubation, and 1 h after extubation. Results There was a significant difference between the two groups in the mean scores of the anxiety scale in the first (P =0.008), second (P=0.002), and third stages (P =0.005). This difference was not significant in the fourth to seventh stages (P>0.05). As the baseline anxiety levels were different, a covariate adjustment was used for comparisons between treatments, adjusting the main analyses for baseline anxiety levels. Analysis showed that groups were not different. Also, there was no significant difference in the mean scores of RASS between the two experimental and control groups at any of the seven stages (P> 0.05). Conclusion According to the findings of the present study, the presence of a family member does not reduce the level of anxiety and agitation of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, it can be concluded that this intervention is feasible in acute and complex situations after open heart surgeries. Trial registration This study has been registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with the code IRCT201609014299N4.


2019 ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Doris Rodriguez Leal ◽  
Betty Sánchez de Parada ◽  
Patricia Elena Dueñas Granados

Objetivo: Conocer y analizar la muerte materna, a partir de una aproximación a la realidad familiar, al indagar la experiencia vivida por los familiares de la mujer fallecida y valorar los cambios en los roles y la dinámica familiar. Materiales y Métodos: La investigación se realizó mediante metodología cualitativa, a través del estudio de casos; éstos fueron diez familias que tuvieron una muerte materna en los últimos cinco años, atendidas en hospitales y clínicas del departamento del Tolima-Colombia. Resultados: Ante una muerte materna, las familias y cada uno de sus miembros se tornan vulnerables. Cuando se cuenta con el apoyo de otros familiares, amigos o vecinos, el jefe de familia tiene un trabajo, o la familia pertenece a un grupo religioso o red de apoyo social, la situación se hace menos traumática. Las relaciones familiares en algunos casos se fortalecen, en otros empeoran, particularmente entre suegras y yernos. Con respecto a los cuidados maternales, normalmente las abuelas son las que continúan desempeñando el rol de cuidadoras o madres sustitutas. Conclusiones: Este tipo de muertes, pueden generar sentimientos contradictorios, por un lado se vive el dolor por la ausencia del familiar fallecido y por otro, la alegría de un nuevo miembro. La familia vive una situación de duelo ante la muerte de alguien que trae y cuida la vida, considerada como una muerte trágica, prematura y evitable, por lo que la espera de recibir a un nuevo miembro es sustituida por una pérdida. Palabras clave: Mortalidad materna, familia, relaciones familiares, Colombia.   Family experience of maternal death Abstract Objective: Understanding and analyzing maternal death, approaching to the family reality by examining the experience of the family members of the deceased, and evaluating the change of roles and family dynamic. Materials and Methods: The research was made through study cases, using qualitative methodology; these were ten families that experienced maternal death in the last 5 years, and were attended in clinics and hospitals in de department of Tolima-Colombia. Results: Facing maternal death, families and each of their members become vulnerable. Having support from other family members, friends or neighbors, having a job, or belonging to a religious group or social support network, makes the situation less traumatic. Family relations in some cases are strengthened or worsened, particularly between the mother-in-law and son-in-law.  Regarding maternal care, grandmothers normally take the role of caretakers or substitute mothers. Conclusions: These types of deaths cause contradictory feelings, on one hand there is the pain for the absence of a dead family member and on the other, the joy of a new one. The family goes through a situation of facing the death of someone who brings life and cares for it. It is considered a tragic, premature, and avoidable death, consequently the longing of receiving a new family member is substituted by a loss. Keywords: Maternal mortality, family, family relationships, Colombia.   Experiência dos parentes diante da morte materna Resumo Objetivo: Conhecer e analisar a morte materna, a partir de uma aproximação à realidade da família, ao indagar a experiencia vivida pelos parentes da mulher falecida e valorar as mudanças nos papéis e na dinâmica da família. Materiais e Métodos: A pesquisa se realizou utilizando a metodologia qualitativa, através do estudo de casos; estes foram dez famílias que tiveram uma morte materna nos últimos cinco anos, atendidas em hospitais e clínicas do estado de Tolima, na Colômbia. Resultados: Diante uma morte materna, as famílias e cada um de seus membros se tornam vulneráveis. Quando se conta com o apoio de outros parentes, amigos ou vizinhos, o chefe de família tem um trabalho, ou a família pertence a um grupo religioso ou rede de apoio social, a situação se faz menos traumática. Os relacionamentos da família em alguns casos se fortalecem, em outros pioram, particularmente entre sogras e genros. Com respeito aos cuidados maternais, normalmente as avós são as que continuam desempenhando o papel de cuidadoras ou mães substitutas. Conclusões: Este tipo de mortes, podem gerar sentimentos contraditórios, por um lado se vive a dor pela ausência do parente falecido e por outro, a alegria de um novo membro da família. A família vive uma situação de luto diante da morte de alguém que traz e cuida da vida, considerada como uma morte trágica, prematura e evitável, pelo que a espera de receber a um novo membro na família é substituída por uma perda. Palavras-chave: Mortalidade materna, família, relações familiares, Colômbia.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne A. Elsner ◽  
Sam S. Salek ◽  
Andrew Y. Finlay ◽  
Anna Hagemeier ◽  
Catherine J. Bottomley ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) assesses the impact of a patient’s chronic illness on the quality of life (QoL) of the patient’s partner or family members. The aim of the study was to translate, explore the structure of and validate the FROM-16. Methods The questionnaire was translated from English into German (forward, backward, four independent translators). Six interviews with family members were conducted to confirm the questionnaire for linguistic, conceptual, semantic and experiential equivalence and its practicability. The final German translation was tested for internal consistency, reproducibility and test validity. Criterion validity was tested by correlating the scores of the FROM-16 and the Global Health Scale (GHS). Principal component analysis, factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the questionnaire’s structure and its domains. Reliability and reproducibility were tested computing the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) using one sample t-test for testing the hypothesis that the difference between the scores was not different from zero. Results Overall, 83 family members (61% female, median age: 61 years) completed the questionnaire at two different times (mean interval: 22 days). Internal consistency was good for the FROM-16 scores (Cronbach’s α for total score = 0.86). In those with stable GHS, the ICC for the total score was 0.87 and the difference was not different from zero (p = 0.262) indicating reproducible results. A bi-factor model with a general factor including all items, and two sub-factors comprising the items from the original 2-factor construct had the best fit. Conclusions The German FROM-16 has good reliability, test validity and practicability. It can be considered as an appropriate and generic tool to measure QoL of a patient’s partner or family member. Due to the presence of several cross-loadings we do not recommend the reporting of the scores of the two domains proposed for the original version of FROM-16 when using the German version. Thus, in reporting the results emphasis should be put on the total score. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered: DRKS00021070.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Tanel Feldman ◽  
Marco Mazzeschi

Rights of residence derived from a durable relationship with an EU citizen, are left to a relatively wide discretion of the Member States. Pursuant to Article 2.2 (b) Directive 2004/38/EC (“Directive”), “the partner with whom the Union citizen has contracted a registered partnership, on the basis of the legislation of a Member State, if the legislation of the host Member State treats registered partnerships as equivalent to marriage and in accordance with the conditions laid down in the relevant legislation of the host Member State” qualifies as family member. Provided that they have a durable relationship (duly attested) with an EU citizen, pursuant to Article 3.2(b), unregistered partners are as well beneficiaries of the Directive. The durable relationship was expressly excluded from the scope of Article 2(2)(b): “Unlike the amended proposal, it does not cover de facto durable relationships” (EU Commission, Document 52003SC1293). Article 3 (2)(a) covers “other family members” (no restrictions as to the degree of relatedness) if material support is provided by the EU citizen or by his partner or where serious health grounds strictly require the personal care of the family member by the Union citizen. Pursuant to Article 3.2, “other family members” and unregistered partners can attest a durable relationship, must be facilitated entry and residence, in accordance to the host Member State’s national legislation. In the light of Preamble 6 Directive, the situation of the persons who are not included in the definition of family members, must be considered “in order to maintain the unity of the family in a broader sense”. The questions discussed in this paper are the following: (i) are Member States genuinely considering the concept of durable relationship in view of maintaining the unity of the family in a broader sense? and (ii) how to overcome legal uncertainty and which criteria, both at EU and at international level, can be taken into account in order to assess whether a durable relationship is genuine and should be granted the rights set forth by the Directive?


Author(s):  
Sudarshan Maity ◽  
Tarak Nath Sahu

Using a Logistic regression model the present study investigates the important factors that influence on ease of doing business by the women entrepreneurs. The respondents are from the four different backward regions in West Bengal, India. The goodness of fit of the model is checked in terms of the Hosmer–Lemeshow test. Moreover, a large share of the women-owned business is a single person enterprise, generates lower revenues, and is smaller in size. The study shows that most women are engaged in small entrepreneurs to help their families financially. Though, women entrepreneurs are facing challenges of financing and non-cooperation from their family members. Even from non-cooperation from the family, they are engaged in entrepreneurship after managing their households’ work. The level of productivity will be enhanced significantly in case easy access to credit and support received from the family members. The support may be in terms of mental as well by helping in households’ work. Further, the application of the Welch’s t-test shows the non-existence of a significant difference in income level among the two groups, who have faced complexities and who have no complexities into running the entrepreneurship. To improve the socio-economic status of the female counterpart of the society, initiatives from the grassroots level are absolutely essential.


Author(s):  
Darby Morhardt ◽  
Marcia Spira

When a member of a family is diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, the impact of the disease reverberates throughout the relationships within the family. This paper explores the challenges and strengths within one family as members manage and cope with Alzheimer's disease. The person with dementia and his family members are individually interviewed and each person explores the consequences of the disease on personal well-being as well as the relationships within the family. The family demonstrates how dementia in one family member demands flexibility in family roles as they navigate life through the challenges of living with dementia.


Author(s):  
Dennis C. Daley ◽  
Antoine Douaihy

A family unit is a system in which various parts have an impact on other parts. This chapter looks at how families, concerned others, and friends are affected by a loved one’s SUD. Any family member may be hurt by a loved one with an SUD. The effects may vary among families and among members within the same family, but emotional pain and disruption of family life are common. Attention often centers on the member with the SUD, while overall family pain and distress are ignored. Individuals with SUDs often “underfunction,” which means that other members of the family have to pick up the slack and “overfunction.” This dynamic may change how family members communicate or relate to one another. The effects on families vary from mild to severe—in which a family is torn apart by an SUD.


Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 2634-2641
Author(s):  
Khaled Mohamed Fares ◽  
Sahar Abdel-Baky Mohamed ◽  
Ahmad Mohammad Abd El-Rahman ◽  
Rania Mohammed AbdeLemam ◽  
Amira Mahmoud Mohamed Osman

Abstract Background Intrathecal fentanyl in spinal anesthesia improves intra- and postoperative analgesia. Dexmedetomidine is a fascinating adjuvant with regards to neuraxial anesthesia in children experiencing surgery for abdominal malignancy. Patients and Methods After endorsement by the institutional reviewing board (IRB) and guardians’ written informed consent, this research was carried out on 60 pediatric malignancy patients scheduled for major abdominal surgery. Children were randomly distributed into three groups (20 patients each): Group C: given 2 mL of bupivacaine 0.5% (0.4 mg/kg) intrathecally, injected gradually over 20 seconds. Group F: the same as group C, plus fentanyl 0.2 μg/kg. Group D: the same as group C, plus dexmedetomidine 0.2 μg/kg. Pain at zero, two, four, six, 12, 18, and 24 hours postoperatively was evaluated by Face, Legs, Activity, Crying, and Consolability (FLACC) score. First analgesic request and postoperative unfavorable effects were recorded for 24 hours postoperatively. Results A significant decrease was recognized in the mean FLACC score in groups D and F at six, eight, and 12 hours postoperatively, in contrast to group C (P ≤ 0.05). First analgesic request was significantly prolonged in group D (7.67 ± 0.57 hours), in contrast to groups F and C (5.40 ± 1.09 hours and 4.23 ± 3.27 hours, respectively, P < 0.04). Paracetamol utilization was significantly decreased in group D (316.67 ± 28.86 mg), in contrast to group C (391.00 ± 52.00 mg, P < 0.03), without a significant difference between group F (354.44 ± 46.67 mg) and groups D and C (P > 0.05). Conclusions Adding dexmedetomidine and fentanyl to intrathecal bupivacaine improved postoperative analgesia following abdominal surgery for cancer in children, with better overall analgesia of dexmedetomidine compared with fentanyl.


Author(s):  
María José Morales-Gázquez ◽  
Epifanía Natalia Medina-Artiles ◽  
Remedios López-Liria ◽  
José Manuel Aguilar-Parra ◽  
Rubén Trigueros-Ramos ◽  
...  

The traditional structure of families is undergoing profound changes, causing the so-called “crisis of family care.” This study describes the experiences and emotions of the family member who hires migrant caregivers for the older people. This is a qualitative study using a phenomenological design with nine women participants between 53 and 72 years of age. The data collection was carried out through two in-depth interviews and a focus group. There were three major topics: (1) the women in this study recognized that they were not able to take care of the family member directly, due to their responsibilities as female workers and mothers. The fact that migrant caregivers were chosen was conjunctural, where economic reasons were more important. (2) The family members supported the caregivers by teaching them about care and also resolving conflicts produced by culture shock. (3) Trusting the caregiver was a gradual process; the family members felt a complex set of emotions (insecurity, gratitude for the help, moral obligation). In conclusion, they wanted a caregiver who would provide the elder dependent with the love and compassion that they, as daughters, would provide if they had time to do so. The family became the caregiver’s managers and assumed the responsibility of training and helping them.


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