The causal relationship between envy and depression: A cross-lagged regression analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xinsheng Jiang ◽  
Jinyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Gender Effect ◽  
Comparison Theory ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Nonclinical Sample ◽  
Upward Social Comparison ◽  
The Relationship

The causal relationship between envy and depression is currently far from clear. We conducted a cross-lagged regression analysis of data on envy and depression, obtained from a nonclinical sample of 260 undergraduate students at two time points spaced 14 months apart. From the perspective of social comparison theory, the results show that although after 14 months envy positively predicted depression, depression did not predict envy. The envy–depression relationship is, thus, a unidirectional causality. In addition, there was no overall gender effect on the relationship between envy and depression. Our finding of the effect of upward social comparison on the envy–depression relationship provides guidance for the treatment of depression in clinical practice.

Passive social network site use and adolescent materialism: Upward social comparison as a mediator

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ting Hu ◽  
Qing-Qi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Social Network Site ◽  
Network Site ◽  
Site Use ◽  
Upward Social Comparison ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

We examined the role of upward social comparison in the relationship between passive social network site use and adolescent materialism. A sample of 718 Chinese adolescents completed measures of passive social network site use, upward social comparison, and materialism. Correlational analysis results showed that passive social network site use was significantly correlated with upward social comparison and adolescent materialism. In addition, regression analysis results showed that passive social network site use significantly predicted adolescent materialism through the mediation of upward social comparison. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals The Impact of Social Media on Customers’ Loyalty toward Hotels in Jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Faiz H. Zoubi ◽  
Diya Mohammad Al-Harazneh
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Marketing Managers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hotel Customers

The present study aimed at exploring the impact of social media on customers' loyalty toward the five stars hotels located in Jordan, it also aimed at exploring the impact of satisfaction as a mediating variable on the relationship between social media and customers’ loyalty from the perspectives of customers and marketing managers. In more precise, to measure the mediating effect of satisfaction in the causal relationship between social media and customers’ loyalty toward five stars hotels. Regression analysis and correlational coefficient were used for analysis purposive of the acquired data that were collected through a self-designed questionnaire.  A sample of (200) hotel customers and (32) marketing managers was drawn from the population of the study. The major findings of the study were as follow: social media has a statistical significant effect on customer’s loyalty, and on satisfaction. Satisfaction as mediating variable has a statistical significant effect on the relationship between social media and customer’s loyalty. Furthermore; marketing managers were found to be having positive beliefs that social media has an effect on customers’ loyalty. But communication and motivation were found to be having no significant effect on customer’s loyalty.

Upward social comparison and Facebook users’ grandiosity

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myungsuh Lim ◽  
Yoon Yang
Keyword(s):  
Social Comparison ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Upward Comparison ◽  
Upward Social Comparison ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to confirm the causal relationship, in an upward social comparison, of envy, loneliness and subjective well-being (SWB). Particularly, the authors address the mediating roles, each, of benign envy (BE) and malicious envy (ME) as different types of envy. In addition, the authors explore the grandiosity of users, in terms of narcissistic personalities, and whether it has discriminatory impacts on this causal relationship. Design/methodology/approach The authors re-enacted a situation that users confront on Facebook as a quasi-experiment to determine if there is an effectual relationship among variables in the path of upward comparison, envy, loneliness and SWB. First, the authors divided envy into BE and ME to examine its mediating role in the path of upward comparison and loneliness. Second, the authors examined the differentiated effects of both kinds of envy and loneliness on SWB. Finally, the authors determined if users’ grandiose, narcissistic behaviour has moderating effects on the path of each variable. Findings The results revealed that upward comparison has a positive effect on both kinds of envy; however, in the path of loneliness, only ME operated and played a mediating role. Furthermore, grandiosity had a partially significant moderating effect. Research limitations/implications This study has the following theoretical implications. The mediating effect of envy was identified in the path of upward comparison, loneliness and SWB. Research limitation is as follows: this study could not effectively reflect individual differences. It is necessary to include individual difference variables in later research, including characteristics of social comparison. Practical implications This study has the following practical implications. Social comparison on Facebook poses a more serious problem than it does offline; therefore, users need to protect their own SWB. If users can actively cope with the information of others and selectively choose their upward comparison targets, they can reduce their loneliness and improve their SWB as expected in the hypotheses. Social implications The “unfriending” events that occur on Facebook may be explained by the mediating phenomenon of ME. The research showed that the excessive narcissism of users on Facebook is an inconsistent information with real selves of users, thus triggering the ME, which causes avoidance from other Facebook users. Originality/value The authors have proven that social comparison and envy emotion are the causes of the loneliness, while the authors are on Facebook. Especially, the mediation role of BE and ME are discussed in a distinguished manner. Also, the authors confirmed that the influence of narcissism could further aggravate the problem of loneliness. Finally, the authors found that the variables of the study also affect the SWB of the Facebook user.

scholarly journals Associations between entrepreneurial empowerment and reasons for self-employment

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Urban
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Relationship

Building on previous research relating to entrepreneurship, empowerment and self-employment, this article investigates the relationship between entrepreneurial empowerment, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and self-employment. These constructs are formulated into distinct factors and a sample of undergraduate students (N = 112) early in their careers surveyed to establish the structure formed by these factors. These instruments are tested and shown to provide robust scales able to ensure construct validity and reliability. Multiple correlational and multiple regression analysis are then conducted to test the relationships between the specified variables, with results indicating almost unequivocal support for the hypothesised associations between entrepreneurial empowerment and reasons for business start-up. In particular the “risk-taking” factor is found to have great predictive power on various reasons provided for business start-up is analysed. Several practical and theoretical implications are drawn from the empirical results and integrated with established conceptual findings.

scholarly journals Psychosis proneness, loneliness, and hallucinations in nonclinical individuals

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251753
Author(s):  
Sarah Hope Lincoln ◽  
Taylor Johnson ◽  
Sarah Kim ◽  
Emma Edenbaum ◽  
Jill M. Hooley
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Hallucinatory Experience ◽  
Psychosis Proneness ◽  
Nonclinical Sample ◽  
The Relationship

Hallucinations occur along a continuum of normal functioning. Investigating the factors related to this experience in nonclinical individuals may offer important information for understanding the etiology of hallucinations in psychiatric populations. In this study we test the relationship between psychosis proneness, loneliness, and auditory hallucinations in a nonclinical sample using the White Christmas paradigm. Seventy-six undergraduate students participated in this study. We found that slightly more than half of our participants endorsed a hallucinatory experience during the White Christmas paradigm. However, we did not observe a relationship between the number of hallucinatory experiences and schizotypy, propensity to hallucinate, or loneliness. Moreover, there were no differences on these measures between individuals who reported hearing a hallucination during the White Christmas paradigm relative to those who did not. Thus, there may be other contextual factors not investigated in this study that might clarify the mechanism by which auditory hallucinations are experienced in a nonclinical population.

Effects of interaction between social comparison and state goal orientation on task performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jiseon Shin ◽  
Hyunjoo Lee ◽  
Eunsun Ahn ◽  
Young Woo Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Social Comparison ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Performance Goal ◽  
Comparison Theory ◽  
Learning Goal ◽  
Learning Goal Orientation ◽  
Performance Goal Orientation ◽  
Comparison Target

Drawing on social comparison theory, we explored the effects of the interaction between state goal orientation and directional social comparison on individuals' task performance. In most goal achievement situations, individuals are likely to perform in a social context, which warrants investigation of how the interplay between goal characteristics and surrounding social stimuli influences their performance. We conducted a state-based experiment with 162 undergraduate students, utilizing a 3 (state goal orientation: learning, prove performance, avoid performance) × 2 (social comparison: upward and downward) between-subjects design. When the learning goal orientation or the prove performance goal orientation were manipulated, individuals who had a comparison target performed better than did those who worked by themselves on the given task. In particular, when individuals with a learning goal orientation or a prove performance goal orientation had a downward comparison target their performance improved, whereas those with an avoid performance goal orientation performed better when they had an upward comparison target. Overall the findings explicate the joint roles of state goal orientation and social comparison in influencing task performance.

The effects of coworkers' development idiosyncratic deals on employees' cooperation intention

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Zhang ◽  
Wenbing Wu ◽  
Yihua Zhang ◽  
Hui Deng ◽  
Yuanyuan Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Comparison ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Equity Theory ◽  
Task Interdependence ◽  
Idiosyncratic Deals ◽  
Comparison Theory ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Task

Idiosyncratic deals (i-deals) are individualized agreements of a nonstandard nature negotiated between employers and employees regarding employment terms, which are regarded as being beneficial for the organization. On the bases of social comparison theory and equity theory, we hypothesized that witnessing the development i-deals of their coworkers would trigger employees' feeling of unfairness, causing lower cooperation intention. We further hypothesized that perceived future i-deals and task interdependence would play moderating roles in this reduction. Participants were 284 employees in China. The results show that feelings of unfairness mediated the relationship between witnessing development i-deals and the witnesses' cooperation intention. The positive relationship between witnessing development i-deals and feelings of unfairness was weaker when employees perceived a stronger possibility of themselves obtaining a future i-deal, and a high level of task interdependence weakened the negative effect of feelings of unfairness on employees' cooperation intention.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Affective and Social Isolation among Undergraduate Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Ahmad M. Alghraibeh ◽  
Noof M. Bni Juieed
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
King Saud University ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

We examined the correlation between social isolation and affective isolation among 457 undergraduate students using a stratified cluster sampling technique. Participants comprised 221 men and 236 women, all of whom were either first- or fourth-year students enrolled in various majors at King Saud University. Means, standard deviations, Pearson (Spearman) correlations, z-values, a regression analysis, and an analysis of variance were used to address the study questions: (Are there significant differences (α ≤ .05) in affective isolation per sex and academic level? Does the interaction between sex and academic level have a significant impact on affective isolation? What is the nature of the relationship between affective isolation and overall social isolation and its dimensions? Are there significant differences (α = .05) in the relationship per sex and academic level? Does affective isolation contribute towards the prediction of social isolation?). Significant differences regarding sex were found, as men showed more affective isolation. Significant differences were also found regarding the interaction between sex and academic level on affective isolation. However, the correlations between the social isolation dimensions of self-confidence, family containment and communication, and interaction with friends with affective isolation were negative. In addition, affective isolation predicted social isolation among students.

Subjectivity in incentive schemes, cognitive orientations and counterproductive knowledge behavior: an experimental study

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lufi Yuwana Mursita ◽  
Luciana Spica Almilia
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Incentive Schemes ◽  
Cognitive Orientation ◽  
Cognitive Orientations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This study aims to examine the causal relationship of subjective incentive schemes on counterproductive knowledge behavior. Besides, this study also identifies the moderating role of cognitive orientation on the relationship between those two variables. Design/methodology/approach This study used a 2 × 2 between-subjects laboratory experiment with accounting undergraduate students as the subjects. Findings Subjective-based incentive schemes reduce the tendency for counterproductive knowledge behavior. Also, the collectivist cognitive orientation negatively influences the behavior. However, cognitive orientation does not act as a moderator in the causal relationship of incentive schemes and counterproductive knowledge behavior. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first that investigates and finds the effect of inclusion of subjectivity in incentive schemes and the level of individual’s collectivism on the reluctance to share knowledge in the workplace. This study has also strived to reduce an overlapping between the concept of knowledge sharing and counterproductive knowledge behavior by applying the right basic concept during the experiment.

Predictive and Perceived Empathy as Predictors of Leadership Style

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 800-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gill Woodall ◽  
Susan E. Kogler Hill
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Relationship

Research on leadership has suggested a possible relationship between style of leadership and being able to understand the viewpoints of others. The present investigation sought to determine the relationship between two measures of empathy and style of leadership. 127 undergraduate students, participating in small groups, were given Hobart and Fahlberg's predictive empathy measure, Barrett-Lennard's Relationship Inventory (perceived empathy), and Fiedler's Least Preferred Co-worker Scale (leadership style). A multiple regression analysis indicated that predictive empathy was a significant but moderate predictor of style while perceived empathy was not a significant predictor. The results were discussed in terms of future research and theory building.

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