scholarly journals Hystometric evaluation of nickel chronic exposure effects on large instestine of adult Wistar male rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (E) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Maria Luiza Assis Rodrigues ◽  
Sirlene Souza Rodrigues Sartori ◽  
Priscila Izabel Santos Totaro ◽  
Sérgio Luis Pinto da Matta
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Nickel Chloride ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ascending Colon ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Acid Mucins ◽  
Wistar Male Rats

The ingestion of considerable amounts of water or food contaminated with nickel can be very toxic. The present work was conducted aiming to evaluate the effects of nickel exposures on ascending colon of adult Wistar male rats at hystometric level. We used 12 animals that were divided in a control (ingested uncontaminated water) and a nickel-contaminated (i.e., 25 mg de nickel/L of water) groups. Nickel chloride was offered in declorinated water and the experiment had a 56 days exposure period. A portion of the ascending colon was removed of the animals and subjected to hystological labelling processes using blue toluidin (for general hystometric description), Alcian Blue (AB, for acid mucins) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) technique (for neutral mucins). The potential differences between groups were desgined by applying the Whitney test and t test (p < 0.05). The crypts were smaller for the nickel-contaminated group, even though these organism exhibited broader and higher crypts. Nickel-contaminated animals exhibited a smaller amount of calyceform cells with AB and PAS positive reactions as well as a less mucus quantities when compared with nickel-uncontaminated animals. Such reductions on the amount of calyceform cells with AB and PAS positive reactions may be related wiht the shallower crypts, which possibly reduced the synthesis and secretion of mucins, compromissing the functional aspects (e.g., lubrification and intestinal mucosa protection) of the nickel-contaminated large intestines. Interestingly, the wider and higher crypts and higher epithelium collumn on the nickel-contaminated animals may represent a relevant trade-off for the intestinal mucosa protection.

scholarly journals The adverse effect of long term intake of Monosodium Glutamate on kidney performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 880 (1) ◽  
pp. 012056
Author(s):  
Amer M. Hussin ◽  
Ali A. Tala’a ◽  
Safa Abdul Naser Fadhil ◽  
Hamzah Abdulrahman Salman
Keyword(s):  
Mesangial Cells ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Treatment Groups

Abstract Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a food additive that is considered as a water and environmental pollutant and affects the tissues of the living being. This study was aimed to find the effect of long-term administration of MSG on the mass of mesangial cells of the kidneys. Forty adult male rats were divided into four groups (10 each). Control groups 1&2 were supplied orally with distilled water for 30 and 60 days, respectively. Treatment groups 1&2 were supplied orally with 15 mg/kg Bwt of MSG for 30 & 60 days, respectively. Control and treatment groups were sacrificed, specimens of kidneys were obtained, fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed by Routine histological techniques, stained by Hematoxylin and eosin, and PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff) stains then examined under the light microscope. The result found enlargement in a mesangial mass represented by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mesangial cells leading to mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Accordingly, the study showed an increase in creatinine values, indicating a disturbance in renal function. This will lead to a decrease in the sizes of the glomeruli of renal corpuscles and a relative increase of Bowman’s space. With the time of the experiment, the glomerular capillaries and gates of basement membranes will be closed, resulting in renal filtration disorders. It was concluded that the long-term intake of MSG leads to indirect narrowing of the glomerular capillary lumen, causing kidney failure.

scholarly journals Tissue quantification of neutral and acid mucins in the mucosa of the colon with and without fecal stream in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Nonose ◽  
Ana Paula Pimentel Spadari ◽  
Denise Gonçalves Priolli ◽  
Felipe Rodrigues Máximo ◽  
José Aires Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Fecal Stream ◽  
Proximal Colostomy ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Acid Mucins ◽  
Tissue Quantification

PURPOSE: To quantify the intensity of the expression of neutral and acids mucins in mucosa of the colon with and without fecal stream and to correlate this with the duration of fecal transit diversion. METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were subjected to fecal transit deviation in the left colon by a proximal colostomy and a distal mucous fistula. The animals were divided into three experimental groups, according to whether sacrificing would be performed six, 12 or 18 weeks after surgery. The expression of neutral and acid mucins was evaluated using the histochemical techniques of Periodic Acid Schiff and Alcian Blue, respectively. The tissue mucins expression was quantified by computer-assisted image analysis software (NIS-Elements) in the segments with and without fecal stream. Student's paired t test was used to compare the quantities of mucins in colon with or without fecal stream and variance between the experimental groups by ANOVA and Newman-Keuls post-test, establishing level of signification of 5% (p<0.05). RESULTS: There were significant decreased quantities of acid and neutral mucins in the colon without transit, compared with the colon with fecal stream, independent of the duration of exclusion. There was increased expression of neutral mucins in the colon with fecal stream after 12 and 18 weeks of exclusion. There was no increase in the expression of acid mucins in the colon with transit as the duration of fecal transit exclusion progressed. There was increased production of acid mucins in the animals submitted to diversion of the fecal stream for 18 weeks, compared with those subjected to diversion for 6 and 12 weeks. In the colon without fecal stream, there was increased expression of neutral mucins after 12 and 18 weeks of exclusion. CONCLUSIONS: Deviation of the fecal stream decreased the expression of acid and neutral mucins in the segments without fecal transit, compared with segments with transit. Regardless of the reduced expression of acid and neutral mucins in the segments without fecal stream, their tissue expression increased with increasing duration of intestinal deviation.

scholarly journals Tracking the Healing Process of Experimental Liver Injuries Treated with Different Sealants and Adhesive Biomaterials: An Evaluation of Matrix Metalloproteinase

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Miguel Lloris-Carsí ◽  
Carlos Barrios-Pitarque ◽  
José Miguel Lloris-Cejalvo ◽  
Luis Gil-Santos ◽  
Dolores Cejalvo-Lapeña
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Complete Healing ◽  
Liver Trauma ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Liver Injuries

This study examines the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in the healing of liver injuries treated with biological adhesives Tachosil&reg; and GelitaSpon&reg; and the elastic cyanoacrylate Adhflex&reg;. Hepatic lesions were induced in male rats using a Stiefel biopsy punch. Healing was assessed 2, 6, and 18 days after injury by quantifying tissue levels of MMP1, 2, 8, 9, and 13. Histopathological repair was evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin, Masson&rsquo;s trichrome, and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining and immunohistochemical markers CD31 and CD68. The sealants contributed to complete healing. Histopathology and MMP findings indicate that Adhflex&reg; has slower degradation and a strong inflammatory reaction at the onset of healing. Early on, all MMPs showed higher levels in Adhflex&reg; and Tachosil&reg;-treated animals, and MMP2 and MMP9 expressions were significantly higher in the Adhflex-treated group at 18 days post-injury (T3). The Adhflex&reg; group had significantly higher MMP8 and MPP13 levels than other treated groups and showed a sustained overexpression of all MMPs, even in the latest healing stages. Notably, the overexpression did not negatively influence the histological healing process. All hepatic trauma injuries should be treated as emergencies, and any easy-to-use and rapid sealant like Adhflex&reg; could be considered as an option for treating liver trauma.

Impact of Glyphosate-Roundup® in the Ileal Structure of Male and Female Rats: A Morphological and Immunohistochemical Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Shaimaa M.M. Saleh ◽  
Tasneem A. Elghareeb ◽  
Mona M. Atia ◽  
Mohamed Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Leukocytic Infiltration ◽  
Strong Positive Reaction ◽  
Metalloproteinase 9

Abstract The current study was aimed to evaluate the effects of variable doses of the weedicide glyphosate on the ileal (the final section of the small intestine) structure of rats of both sexes, using histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural methods. Forty animals were classified into four groups of 10 animals per group (five males and five females). The first group acted as a control, and the remaining groups were treated with glyphosate-Roundup® 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight daily for 15 days. The results indicated extinct histopathological changes manifested in the deformation of villi, foci of leukocytic infiltration in the core of villi, and hyperplasia of goblet cells. Histochemical examination (Alcian blue and Periodic acid–Schiff stain) revealed a strong positive reaction of goblet cells and an increase in their number in all treated groups. In addition, the immunohistochemical investigation revealed the immunoreactivity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. Furthermore, electron microscopic alternations were represented by the deformation of nuclei, destruction of microvilli, and deposition of lipid droplets. Collectively, the present findings indicate that treatment with glyphosate results in extensive morphological alternations to the ileal structure of rats of both sexes and that female rats are more affected than male rats are.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE HISTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF MUCINS EXPRESSION IN FETAL ESOPHAGUS AND ADENOCARCINOMAS OF THE GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-227
Author(s):  
S Vernygorodskyi ◽  
T Rekun ◽  
P Zhuchenko
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gastroesophageal Junction ◽  
Signet Ring Cell ◽  
Developmental Expression ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Phenotypic Marker ◽  
Gastric Type ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Acid Mucins

Aim: To study and compare the expression patterns of mucins in the fetal gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) region and adenocarcinomas of the GEJ in adults using histochemical method. Material and Methods: To reveal the expression of different mucins, tissue sections from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of fetal GEJ and carcinomas of GEJ were stained by the following histological stains: hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), alcian blue (AB), pH 2.5, combined AB-PAS, and combined AB-Aldehyde Fuchsin (AB/AF). Results: Expression of mucins within the developing fetal GEJ has been demonstrated (gestational age 5–38 weeks). We studied histochemical features of neoplastic cells in carcinomas of GEJ from 90 adult patients. The results showed that in gastric type expression of neutral mucins dominated especially in well differentiated (G1) adenocarcinomas and corresponded to the last three months of GEJ development, while in the intestinal and mixed type significant acid mucins expression was detected in moderate (G2) and poorly (G3) differentiated adenocarcinomas and corresponded to 17–25 weeks of GA. No significant coincidence in mucins expression was observed in signet ring cell carcinomas in relation to GA. Conclusion: Our data suggest that decrease of neutral mucins level can be considered reliable phenotypic marker of poor prognosis of GEJ adenocarcinomas. Study of the developmental expression of mucin genes may improve understanding of the malignant transformation of esophageal tissue.

scholarly journals Tracking Healing Process of Experimental Liver Injuries Treated with Different Sealants and Adhesives Biomaterials. Matrix Metalloproteinase Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Miguel Lloris-Carsí ◽  
Carlos Barrios-Pitarque ◽  
José Miguel Lloris-Cejalvo ◽  
Luis Gil-Santos ◽  
Dolores Cejalvo-Lapeña
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Complete Healing ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Liver Injuries ◽  
Hepatic Lesions

. Sealants and adhesives are used in the repair and preservation of damaged solid organs. This study examines the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) activity in the healing of liver injuries treated with two biological adhesives (Tachosil&reg; and GelitaSpon&reg;) as well as that of a new elastic cyanoacrylate (Adhflex&reg;). Methods. We induced in 90 male rats hepatic lesions using a Stiefel biopsy punch in the liver. Wound healing was assessed 2, 6, and 18 days after injury by quantifying MMP1, 2, 8, 9, and 13 tissue levels. The histopathological repair was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin, Masson&rsquo;s trichrome, and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining and CD31, CD68 immunohistochemical marker. The three sealants used contributed to the complete healing of hepatic lesions. Both histopathology and MMP findings point to the fact that degradation with Adhflex&reg; is slower and causes a strong inflammatory reaction at the onset of healing. Results. All the MMPs measured showed higher values early in the healing process in animals treated with Adhflex&reg; and Tachosil, expression for MMP2 and MMP9 being significantly higher in the Adhflex-treated group. Animals treated with Tachosil had significant greater values of MMP8 and MPP13 than the Adhflex group. Animals treated with Adhflex&reg; showed a sustained overexpression in all MMPs even at the latest wound healing stages. Conclusion. Notably, the overexpression of the MMPs did not negatively influence the histological healing process of liver injuries. Since all hepatic trauma injuries should be treated as emergencies, any easy-to-use and rapid sealant, like Adhflex&reg;, could be considered an adequate treatment option.

scholarly journals Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide in combat with gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e26-e26
Author(s):  
Afshin Hasanvand ◽  
Majid Tavafi ◽  
Hassan Ahmadvand ◽  
Ahmad Tamjidipoor
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Lymphocyte Infiltration ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Test Volume ◽  
Tubular Necrosis

Introduction: Gentamicin sulphate (GS) induces nephrotoxicity by increasing of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Objectives: The aim of this research was to assess the renoprotective effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as an antioxidant agent against GS-induced nephrotoxicity. Materials and Methods: Forty male rats (Sprague-Dawley) were divided equally in to five groups and were treated as follows; group 1; received normal saline and served as normal controls, group 2; received GS (100 mg/kg/d), groups 3; received GS and DMSO (0.5 mL/kg/d), groups 4; received GS and DMSO (1 mL/kg/d), groups 5; received GS and DMSO (2 mL/kg/d). After eight days of treatment, serum was prepared. Paraffin sections (3 µ thickness) were prepared from the left kidneys and stained through periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) method. Serum creatinine and urea were assessed by the kits and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) was assessed by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test. Volume density of proximal tubules, tubular necrosis, tubular cast and lymphocyte infiltration were evaluated histopathologically. The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test at P< 0.05 by SPSS 12 software. Results: Serum MDA, creatinine, urea, tubular volume density, tubular necrosis, tubular cast and lymphocyte infiltration were ameliorated significantly in groups four and five compared with group two (P<0.05). Conclusion: DMSO improved GS-induced renal toxicity significantly through prevention of lipid peroxidation and inflammation, but could not save kidney functional tests and histological changes at the same level as that of the normal group.

scholarly journals Tracking Healing Process of Experimental Liver Injuries Treated with Different Sealants and Adhesives Biomaterials. Matrix Metalloproteinase Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Miguel Lloris Carsí ◽  
Carlos Barrios-Pitarque ◽  
José Miguel Lloris-Cejalvo ◽  
Luis Gil-Santos ◽  
Dolores Cejalvo-Lapeña
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Complete Healing ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Liver Injuries

Sealants and adhesives are used in the repair and preservation of damaged solid organs. This study examines the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) activity in the healing of liver injuries treated with two biological adhesives (Tachosil&reg; and GelitaSpon&reg;) as well as that of a new elastic cyanoacrylate (Adhflex&reg;). Methods. We induced in 90 male rats hepatic lesions using a Stiefel biopsy punch in the liver. Wound healing was assessed 2, 6, and 18 days after injury by quantifying MMP1, 2, 8, 9, and 13 tissue levels. The histopathological repair was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin, Masson&rsquo;s trichrome, and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining and CD31, CD68 immunohistochemical marker. The three sealants used supported complete healing of liver lesions. Both histopathology and MMP findings indicate that the degradation process of Adhflex&reg; is slower and produces a strong inflammatory reaction at the beginning of healing. Results. All the MMPs measured disclosed higher values at an early stage of the healing process in animals treated with Adhflex&reg; and Tachosil, the expression of for MMP2 and MMP9 being significantly higher in the Adhflex-treated group. Animals treated with Tachosil had significant higher values of MMP8 and MPP13 than the Adhflex-treated group. Animals treated with Adhflex&reg; showed a maintained overexpression in all the MMPs tested even at the latest wound healing stages. Conclusion. Notably, this MMPs overexpression did not negatively influence the histological healing process of hepatic injuries. Given that all hepatic trauma injuries should be considered emergencies, any easy-to-use and rapid sealant, such as Adhflex&reg;, could be considered a suitable treatment option.

Ultrastructure of the Parotid Gland of the Nine-Banded Armadillo

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 640-641
Author(s):  
J. R. Ruby
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Duct System ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Dasypus Novemcinctus ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Thin Sections

Parotid glands were obtained from five adult (four male and one female) armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) which were perfusion-fixed. The glands were located in a position similar to that of most mammals. They extended interiorly to the anterior portion of the submandibular gland.In the light microscope, it was noted that the acini were relatively small and stained strongly positive with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue techniques, confirming the earlier results of Shackleford (1). Based on these qualities and other structural criteria, these cells have been classified as seromucous (2). The duct system was well developed. There were numerous intercalated ducts and intralobular striated ducts. The striated duct cells contained large amounts of PAS-positive substance.Thin sections revealed that the acinar cells were pyramidal in shape and contained a basally placed, slightly flattened nucleus (Fig. 1). The rough endoplasmic reticulum was also at the base of the cell.

Toxic effects of inhaled DMMP on the kidneys of Fischer-344 rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 880-881
Author(s):  
D.R. Mattie ◽  
C.J. Hixson
Keyword(s):  
Left Kidney ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Fischer 344 Rats ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Fischer 344

Dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP) is a simple organophosphate used industrially as a flame retardant and to lower viscosity in polyester and epoxy resins. The military considered the use of DMMP as a nerve gas simulant. Since military use of DMMP involved exposure by inhalation, there was a need for a subchronic inhalation exposure to DMMP to fully investigate its toxic potential.Male Fischer-344 rats were exposed to 25 ppm or 250 ppm DMMP vapor on a continuous basis for 90 days. An equal number of control rats were sham-exposed. Following the 90-day continuous exposure period, 15 male rats were sacrificed from each group. Two rats from each group had the left kidney perfused for electron microscopic examination. The kidneys were perfused from a height of 150 cm water with 1% glutaraldehyde in Sorensen's 0.1M phosphate buffer pH 7.2. An additional kidney was taken from a rat in each group and fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2% paraformaldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.4. A portion of the 9 kidneys collected for electron microscopy were processed into Epon 812. Thin sections, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, were examined with a JEOL 100B Transmission Electron Microscope. Microvilli height was measured on photographs of the cells of proximal tubules. This data, along with morphologic features of the cells, allows the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) to be identified as being S1, S2, or S3 segment PCT.

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