scholarly journals Tissue quantification of neutral and acid mucins in the mucosa of the colon with and without fecal stream in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Nonose ◽  
Ana Paula Pimentel Spadari ◽  
Denise Gonçalves Priolli ◽  
Felipe Rodrigues Máximo ◽  
José Aires Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Fecal Stream ◽  
Proximal Colostomy ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Acid Mucins ◽  
Tissue Quantification

PURPOSE: To quantify the intensity of the expression of neutral and acids mucins in mucosa of the colon with and without fecal stream and to correlate this with the duration of fecal transit diversion. METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were subjected to fecal transit deviation in the left colon by a proximal colostomy and a distal mucous fistula. The animals were divided into three experimental groups, according to whether sacrificing would be performed six, 12 or 18 weeks after surgery. The expression of neutral and acid mucins was evaluated using the histochemical techniques of Periodic Acid Schiff and Alcian Blue, respectively. The tissue mucins expression was quantified by computer-assisted image analysis software (NIS-Elements) in the segments with and without fecal stream. Student's paired t test was used to compare the quantities of mucins in colon with or without fecal stream and variance between the experimental groups by ANOVA and Newman-Keuls post-test, establishing level of signification of 5% (p<0.05). RESULTS: There were significant decreased quantities of acid and neutral mucins in the colon without transit, compared with the colon with fecal stream, independent of the duration of exclusion. There was increased expression of neutral mucins in the colon with fecal stream after 12 and 18 weeks of exclusion. There was no increase in the expression of acid mucins in the colon with transit as the duration of fecal transit exclusion progressed. There was increased production of acid mucins in the animals submitted to diversion of the fecal stream for 18 weeks, compared with those subjected to diversion for 6 and 12 weeks. In the colon without fecal stream, there was increased expression of neutral mucins after 12 and 18 weeks of exclusion. CONCLUSIONS: Deviation of the fecal stream decreased the expression of acid and neutral mucins in the segments without fecal transit, compared with segments with transit. Regardless of the reduced expression of acid and neutral mucins in the segments without fecal stream, their tissue expression increased with increasing duration of intestinal deviation.

scholarly journals Quantification by computerized morphometry of tissue levels of sulfomucins and sialomucins in diversion colitis in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Augusto Real Martinez ◽  
Ronaldo Nonose ◽  
Ana Paula Pimentel Spadari ◽  
Felipe Rodrigues Máximo ◽  
Denise Gonçalves Priolli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Colon Mucosa ◽  
Diversion Colitis ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Fecal Stream ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Computer Assisted Image Processing ◽  
Computer Assisted Image ◽  
Group B

PURPOSE: To quantify the intensity of sulfomucin and sialomucin expression in the colon mucosa, by means of computer-assisted image processing, comparing segments with and without fecal stream and correlating with the duration of fecal transit exclusion. METHODS: Forty-five Wistar rats were subjected to diversion of the fecal stream in the left colon by means of constructing a proximal colostomy and distal mucosal fistula. They were distributed randomly into three experimental groups of 15 animals, of which 10 were subjected to colon diversion (experimental subgroup) and five were only subjected to laparotomy, without colon diversion (control subgroup). The three experimental groups were formed according to the sacrifice date, which was to be performed six weeks after the surgical procedure (Group A), 12 weeks (Group B) and 18 weeks (Group C). The sulfomucin and sialomucin expression in the colon mucosa was evaluated using the histochemical technique of high iron diamine-alcian blue (HID-AB). The tissue expression was quantified for each animal, in the segments with and without fecal stream, at a location where there were four complete contiguous crypts in two random fields, with the aid of the computer-assisted image analysis software. The final value was taken to be the mean reading from the two fields selected, in the segments with and without fecal stream. To compare the expressions of the two mucin subtypes in the segments with and without fecal stream, the paired Student t test was used. To analyze variance according to duration of exclusion, ANOVA with the Newman-Keuls post-test was used, setting the significance level at 5% (p<0.05). RESULTS: There were significant reductions in tissue sulfomucin and sialomucin content in the colon without fecal stream, independent of the duration of exclusion considered. There was increased tissue sulfomucin content and decreased tissue sialomucin in the segments without fecal stream, with increasing duration of exclusion. CONCLUSIONS: Diversion of the fecal transit decreased the tissue sulfomucin and sialomucin content in the segments without fecal stream. Notwithstanding the reduction in the levels of both subtypes of acid mucin in the segments without fecal stream, there was increased tissue sulfomucin content and decreased tissue sialomucin with increasing duration of intestinal diversion.

The Effect of Exposure Process of Toluene To The Spermatogonia Cell a Rattus Strain Wistar

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ilyas Iqbal ◽  
Muchtaruddin Mansyur ◽  
Pudji Sari ◽  
Dwi Anita Suryandari ◽  
Pramudianto
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
A Cells ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Toluene Exposure ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure

Intoduction: Acute and chronic exposure to toluene at high doses is known to affect all organs of the body including the spermatogenesis process. In the industrial sector, the use of toluene as a solvent is still widely used, up to 10 million tons per year. The control over health problems that may occur is carried out by applying work exposure threshold values. This research aims to explore the effect of toluene exposure at the threshold value range on spermatogenesis.Method: This research used laboratory experiment on 30 male Wistar rats which were divided into five groups of different exposure levels, namely 12.5 parts per million (ppm], 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and no exposure (control). Exposure was given for 4 hours daily over 14 days through a hood with measured release in the glass cage. The toluene exposure markers observed were Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the blood tissue and testicles using the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) method. The effect on the spermatogenicity process was assessed by counting the spermatogonia A cells of male Wistar rats with Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining and is calculated by the Abercrombie formula. Analysis of the correlation between the level of exposure and its effect on the increase in malondialdehyde, and spermatogenesis was carried out using the Spearman correlation analysis.Result: There was a moderately positive correlation between levels of toluene exposure and plasma MDA levels (r = 0.42; p = 0.025). Meanwhile, on [the issue of] the quantity of spermatogonia cells, a high level of negative correlation with exposure levels was obtained (r = -0.68; p = 0.001).Conclusion: Toluene exposure in male Wistar rats within the range of threshold values influenced the increase in plasma MDA levels and decreased the Spermatogenia A cells. However, toluene exposure did not affect the testicular MDA levels of male Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Differences in mucin expression in the submandibular glands of rats during peridontitis induction

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Nunuk Purwanti ◽  
Banun Kusumawardhani ◽  
Kwartarini Murdiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Daily Injection ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Mucin Secretion ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Mucin Expression ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) produces lipopolysacharide (LPS) which acts as a stimulator of inflammation in periodontal tissues. Periodontitis-induced apoptosis and vacuolation of the salivary gland, therefore, causes hyposalivation. Mucin secretion is produced by the submandibular gland under stimulation by the cholinergic and adrenergic receptors. Both forms of stimulation influence the volume of mucin secretion. Mucin saliva plays an important role in the early stages of Pg colonization in the oral cavity. On the other hand, it serves to protect against bacterial invasion. Purpose: The aim of this research was to identify differences in mucin expression in the submandibular gland during periodontitis induction. Methods: 32 male Wistar rats were assigned to either a sham periodontitis or a periodontitis group. The former group received a daily injection of a vehicle solution (n = 16), while members of the periodontitis induction group (n=16) were injected each day with 500 µL of Pg 108 into the mesial area of the upper molar. Mucin in the submandibular gland was analyzed at the 7th, 14th, 21th and 28th days after injection by means of periodic acid schiff (PAS) staining. Results: 28 days after injection mild gingivitis was developed in the periodontitis experiment group. Junctional epithelium (JE) thickness decreased gradually following the increase of PG injection periods (p<0.05).  However, mucin expression increased prominently at 7th, 14th, and 21th days after injection and decreased on day 28th after PG injection. Mucin was expressed in the duct cells of the submandibular gland. Conclusion: The result of this study suggests that there are different levels of mucin expression in the submandibular gland during periodontitis induction.

Fiber type specific glycogen utilization in rat diaphragm during treadmill exercise

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Green ◽  
M. E. Ball-Burnett ◽  
M. A. Morrissey ◽  
M. J. Spalding ◽  
R. L. Hughson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Work Of Breathing ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Glycogen Utilization ◽  
Continuous Running

To examine the significance of endogenous stores of glycogen in specific fiber types (I, IIa, IIb) of the costal region of the diaphragm, adult male Wistar rats performed continuous running (25 m/min, 8 degrees grade) exercise for either 30 min or until fatigue. At 30 min of exercise, glycogen loss, as measured microphotometrically using the periodic acid-Schiff technique averaged between 73 and 80% (P less than 0.05) in the different fiber types. When exercise was performed to exhaustion, representing an additional 94 min, no further reduction in glycogen was observed in any fiber type. Biochemical determinations of glycogen from the diaphragm confirmed the extensive reduction in glycogen concentration with exercise. Large reductions (P less than 0.05) in glycogen were also noted in the soleus, plantaris, and vastus lateralis red. Although significant depletion (P less than 0.05) occurred in the vastus lateralis white, it was not as pronounced as in these other muscles. Repletion to preexercise glycogen concentration was complete by 4 h of recovery in all muscles except the vastus lateralis white. It is concluded that endogenous glycogen is a significant substrate in all muscles sampled regardless of fiber composition. In the case of the costal region of the diaphragm, the increased work of breathing resulting from heavy exercise leads to the recruitment of all fiber types, and each fiber type depends on glycogen as a substrate at least early in the exercise.

scholarly journals Co-Administration of Morphine and Naloxone: Histopathological and Biochemical Changes in the Rat Liver

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahmineh Peirouvi ◽  
Yasaman Mirbaha ◽  
Anahita Fathi-Azarbayjani ◽  
Ali Shalizar Jalali
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cell ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Carbohydrate Storage ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Co-administration of opioid agonists and antagonists at low doses has been reported to significantly enhance and/or prolong the analgesic effects and reduce or prevent tolerance to or dependence on opioids. Objectives: The current study aimed at evaluating the naloxone effect on morphine-induced histopathological and hematologic changes in rats. Materials and Mehods: Thirty mature male Wistar rats were categorized into three groups (n = 10) in a random manner, including the control group receiving normal saline, the morphine-sole group receiving morphine (5 mg/kg/day), and morphine + naloxone group receiving morphine and naloxone (5 and 0.4 mg/kg/day, respectively). After 50 days, the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were measured in the serum. Moreover, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured to assess the serum antioxidant capacity. Histopathological changes were investigated via hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Inter-group comparisons were made by GraphPad Prism software using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results: The animals in the morphine + naloxone group showed higher AST, ALP, ALT, and CAT levels in comparison with the control and morphine-sole groups (P < 0.05). Our findings revealed no changes in the cholesterol, TG, SOD, and GPx levels among the groups (P > 0.05). However, the morphine-sole group exhibited higher serum levels of HDL compared with the controls (P < 0.05). The morphine-sole group showed fibrosis, local necrosis, immune cell infiltration, and diminished intra-cytoplasmic carbohydrate storage. Conclusions: The findings suggest that apart from unchanged serum markers, morphine can potentially induce hepatotoxicity, and at the same time, naloxone is able to ameliorate morphine-induced histopathological damages.

scholarly journals Hystometric evaluation of nickel chronic exposure effects on large instestine of adult Wistar male rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (E) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Maria Luiza Assis Rodrigues ◽  
Sirlene Souza Rodrigues Sartori ◽  
Priscila Izabel Santos Totaro ◽  
Sérgio Luis Pinto da Matta
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Nickel Chloride ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ascending Colon ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Acid Mucins ◽  
Wistar Male Rats

The ingestion of considerable amounts of water or food contaminated with nickel can be very toxic. The present work was conducted aiming to evaluate the effects of nickel exposures on ascending colon of adult Wistar male rats at hystometric level. We used 12 animals that were divided in a control (ingested uncontaminated water) and a nickel-contaminated (i.e., 25 mg de nickel/L of water) groups. Nickel chloride was offered in declorinated water and the experiment had a 56 days exposure period. A portion of the ascending colon was removed of the animals and subjected to hystological labelling processes using blue toluidin (for general hystometric description), Alcian Blue (AB, for acid mucins) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) technique (for neutral mucins). The potential differences between groups were desgined by applying the Whitney test and t test (p < 0.05). The crypts were smaller for the nickel-contaminated group, even though these organism exhibited broader and higher crypts. Nickel-contaminated animals exhibited a smaller amount of calyceform cells with AB and PAS positive reactions as well as a less mucus quantities when compared with nickel-uncontaminated animals. Such reductions on the amount of calyceform cells with AB and PAS positive reactions may be related wiht the shallower crypts, which possibly reduced the synthesis and secretion of mucins, compromissing the functional aspects (e.g., lubrification and intestinal mucosa protection) of the nickel-contaminated large intestines. Interestingly, the wider and higher crypts and higher epithelium collumn on the nickel-contaminated animals may represent a relevant trade-off for the intestinal mucosa protection.

Ameliorative Effects of Ethanolic Leaf Extract ofAzadirachta indicaon Renal Histologic Alterations in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (05) ◽  
pp. 903-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinola Oluwole Busayo ◽  
Zatta Laura ◽  
Dosumu Olufunke Olubusola ◽  
Akinola Oluwafunmike Sharon ◽  
Dini Luciana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Intraperitoneal Dose ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

We studied the effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Azadirachta indica (AIE) on the microanatomy of the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Thirty male Wistar rats (161–190 g) were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups of six animals each: control, diabetic, diabetic + AIE, diabetic + metformin, AIE only. Diabetes was induced with a single intraperitoneal dose of streptozotocin (70 mg/kg body weight). AIE and metformin were administered orally for 50 days (50 d) at 500 mg/kg bw/d and 350 mg/kg bw/d, respectively. Blood glucose was estimated by glucose oxidase method; plasma urea and creatinine were assayed; and paraffin sections of the kidney were stained by periodic acid-Schiff technique. Untreated diabetic rats exhibited marked hyperglycemia. Renal histopathology of these animals showed features of diabetic nephropathy, with nodular glomerulosclerosis and vacuolation of proximal tubule cells (Armanni-Ebstein phenomenon). These feature were absent in the diabetic rats treated with AIE. Besides, plasma urea and creatinine were not significantly different from the control in this group (p > 0.05), in contrast to the untreated diabetic rats, where significant increases in these markers (p < 0.05). These findings showed that the leaf extract of Azadirachta indica ameliorates hyperglycemia and diabetic nephropathy in rats.

Tissue expression of osteopontin (OPN) and mesothelin (MES) in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). An immunohistochemical study of 70 consecutive cases

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e22102-e22102
Author(s):  
P. Betta ◽  
R. Libener ◽  
S. Orecchia ◽  
M. Salvio ◽  
E. Arnolfo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Tumour Cells ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Cytokeratin 5

e22102 Background: There is still no single test that can reliably identify malignant mesothelial cells. Recently soluble MES and OPN have been proposed as novel serum markers for MPM but a definitive consensus on their use in routine is still lacking. This study aims at 1. analysing the essential pathological features of a series of consecutive MPMs from a single institution and 2. assessing the tumour tissue expression of OPN and MES and speculating about the potential biological role of these molecules in MPM. Methods: All MPMs diagnosed between 1999 and 2008 were retrieved from the archives of the Pathology Unit of Alessandria Hospital. All the diagnoses had been made on the basis of conventional light microscopy features supplemented by a mucin stain (periodic acid-Schiff with and without diastase treatment) and a panel of immunostains (carcinoembryonic antigen, CD15/LeuM1, BerEP4, calretinin and cytokeratin 5). Immunostaining for OPN (polyclonal antibody) and MES (monoclonal antibody, clone 5B2) was performed using the labelled streptavidin-biotin method, and the staining intensity and extent were assessed. Results: The study group consisted of 50 males and 20 females with a mean age at diagnosis of 78.4 years (range 47–92). Histopathology was epithelial, mixed, and sarcomatous in 52, 12, and 6 patients respectively. OPN positivity (percentage of positive tumour cells >10%) was observed in 67 MPMs (96%) mostly in a granular cytoplasmic pattern and with an intensity ranging from weak (25%) to moderate (31%) and strong (44%). MES positivity (percentage of positive tumour cells >10%) was recorded in 60 MPMs (86%), of which 36% exhibited a weak, 36% a moderate and 28% a strong immunostaining in a membrane pattern. MES was positive in 100% of epithelial MPMs, in 67% of mixed and in 0% of sarcomatous. Positivity was restricted to the epithelial component in mixed MPMs. Conclusions: The high expression of OPN in MPM, irrespective of the histotype, seems to point to a role of this molecule as a marker of malignant transformation of mesothelial cells, while the restriction of positive staining for MES to the epithelial phenotype supports a role of MES as a marker of epithelial differentiation in MPM. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals The Histochemical Alterations of Mucin in Colorectal Carcinoma Quantified by Two Efficient Algorithms of Digital Image Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasprzak ◽  
Seraszek-Jaros ◽  
Jagielska ◽  
Helak-Łapaj ◽  
Siodła ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Tissue Samples

The practical use of knowledge on the diagnostic-prognostic role of polysaccharide components of mucins in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been difficult, due to the number of histochemical (HC) reaction types, as well as lack of standard methods of computer-assisted analysis of tissue expression of these molecules. Using two algorithms of digital image analysis (by application of Image-Pro Premier and our originally designed program Filter HSV), we evaluated the expression of polysaccharides in tissue samples of CRC patients (n = 33), and fragments of normal colorectal tissue from the same patients (control) using periodic acid Schiff reaction (PAS) (neutral mucins) and alcian blue staining (AB) (acidic mucins). Our results indicate lower expression of the PAS+ and AB+ mucins in CRC, as compared to the control samples. The higher expression of PAS+ polysaccharides was detected in flat tumors than in protruded CRC, while higher AB+ mucins expression was a feature of mucinous CRC subtypes. Positive correlation between mutual PAS+ and AB+ expression, as well as correlations with glucose concentration (PAS+ mucins), and hemoglobin level (AB+ mucins) were observed exclusively in unchanged colorectal samples (control). Both algorithms of digital image analysis (smart segmentation and Filter HSV) work properly and can be used interchangeably in daily practice of pathologists, as useful tools of quantitative evaluation of HC reaction in both normal and cancerous tissues.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE HISTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF MUCINS EXPRESSION IN FETAL ESOPHAGUS AND ADENOCARCINOMAS OF THE GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-227
Author(s):  
S Vernygorodskyi ◽  
T Rekun ◽  
P Zhuchenko
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gastroesophageal Junction ◽  
Signet Ring Cell ◽  
Developmental Expression ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Phenotypic Marker ◽  
Gastric Type ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Acid Mucins

Aim: To study and compare the expression patterns of mucins in the fetal gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) region and adenocarcinomas of the GEJ in adults using histochemical method. Material and Methods: To reveal the expression of different mucins, tissue sections from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of fetal GEJ and carcinomas of GEJ were stained by the following histological stains: hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), alcian blue (AB), pH 2.5, combined AB-PAS, and combined AB-Aldehyde Fuchsin (AB/AF). Results: Expression of mucins within the developing fetal GEJ has been demonstrated (gestational age 5–38 weeks). We studied histochemical features of neoplastic cells in carcinomas of GEJ from 90 adult patients. The results showed that in gastric type expression of neutral mucins dominated especially in well differentiated (G1) adenocarcinomas and corresponded to the last three months of GEJ development, while in the intestinal and mixed type significant acid mucins expression was detected in moderate (G2) and poorly (G3) differentiated adenocarcinomas and corresponded to 17–25 weeks of GA. No significant coincidence in mucins expression was observed in signet ring cell carcinomas in relation to GA. Conclusion: Our data suggest that decrease of neutral mucins level can be considered reliable phenotypic marker of poor prognosis of GEJ adenocarcinomas. Study of the developmental expression of mucin genes may improve understanding of the malignant transformation of esophageal tissue.

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