scholarly journals Biological activity of soils cultivated with yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius Poep. & Endl) H. Robinson, inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense and native mycorrhizal fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
María Gabriela Di Barbaro ◽  
Horacio Enrique Andrada ◽  
Eleodoro Eduardo Del Valle ◽  
Celia Inés Brandán
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Smallanthus Sonchifolius ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Time Of Harvest

The soil is influenced by the roots of plants because the exudate radicals affect its physical, chemical, and biological processes. The aim of this research was to evaluate the microbial activity of soils cultivated with yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius Poep. & Endl) H. Robinson and inoculated with microorganisms which promote plant growth. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with three repetitions per treatment. Each repetition corresponded to a 3m x 3m plot with 25 plants, in 5 cultivation lines with a distance of 70 cm apart. Four treatments were applied at the time of plantation. These consisted of yacón propagules inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense (T1) and native mycorrhizal fungi (T2) inoculated with the microbial consortium (T3). In the control treatments, the propagules were not inoculated with these microorganisms (T0). Soil samples were collected in lots cultivated with yacón located in the Province of Catamarca, in the northwest of Argentina. The samples were collected at the time of implantation and harvest during three agricultural cycles. The total Biological Activity (TBA) of the collected samples was determined by Fluorescein Diacetate Hydrolysis. The TBA of the soil was affected by the different crop treatments, which rose in the analyzed soils and was statistically different from the control treatments. Significant differences were also observed between the TBA of the soils at the beginning of the crops in comparison with the recorded values of the crop at the time of harvest. The inoculation of yacón propagules with A. brasilense and native mycorrhizal fungi affects the TBA of the cultivated soils marking a significant increase.

Lessons learned from injection into sedimentary geothermal aquifers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Brehme ◽  
Abel Marko ◽  
Santiago Aldaz ◽  
Guido Blöcher ◽  
Ernst Huenges
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Sustainable Operation ◽  
Aquifer Properties ◽  
Flow Pathways

<p>Reasons for injectivity decline were investigated at different geothermal sites in Europe. Due to low injectivities, production rates have to be reduced and the site faces negative commercial implications. In addition to historical operation data, fluid and rock samples were investigated in the laboratory. Analysis and experiments focus on physical, chemical and biological processes and their interaction. Results show different processes being responsible for injection-triggered occlusion of flow pathways, e.g. fines migration, precipitation, micro-biological activity, aquifer properties, corrosion or O<sub>2</sub> inflow.</p><p>Lessons learned will be shown, from preparation of large-scale projects, from monitoring programmes towards sustainable operation.</p><p>Activities are taking place in the frame of the DESTRESS project. The DESTRESS project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 691728.</p>

scholarly journals Enantioselective Catalytic C-H Amidations: An Highlight

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Eleonora Tosi ◽  
Renata Marcia de Figueiredo ◽  
Jean-Marc Campagne
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Chiral Molecules ◽  
Material Sciences ◽  
Innovative Approaches

The crucial role played by compounds bearing amide functions, not only in biological processes but also in several fields of chemistry, life polymers and material sciences, has brought about many significant discoveries and innovative approaches for their chemical synthesis. Indeed, a plethora of strategies has been developed to reach such moieties. Amides within chiral molecules are often associated with biological activity especially in life sciences and medicinal chemistry. In most of these cases, their synthesis requires extensive rethinking methodologies. In the very last years (2019–2020), enantioselective C-H functionalization has appeared as a straightforward alternative to reach chiral amides. Therein, an overview on these transformations within this timeframe is going to be given.

Controlling chemical dosing for sulfide mitigation in sewer networks using a hybrid automata control strategy

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2584-2590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqi Liu ◽  
Ramon Ganigué ◽  
Keshab Sharma ◽  
Zhiguo Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Hybrid Automata ◽  
Sewer Pipe ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Iron Salts ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Sewer Networks

Chemicals such as magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) and iron salts are widely used to control sulfide-induced corrosion in sewer networks composed of interconnected sewer pipe lines and pumping stations. Chemical dosing control is usually non-automatic and based on experience, thus often resulting in sewage reaching the discharge point receiving inadequate or even no chemical dosing. Moreover, intermittent operation of pumping stations makes traditional control theory inadequate. A hybrid automata-based (HA-based) control method is proposed in this paper to coordinate sewage pumping station operations by considering their states, thereby ensuring suitable chemical concentrations in the network discharge. The performance of the proposed control method was validated through a simulation study of a real sewer network using real sewage flow data. The physical, chemical and biological processes were simulated using the well-established SeweX model. The results suggested that the HA-based control strategy significantly improved chemical dosing control performance and sulfide mitigation in sewer networks, compared to the current common practice.

scholarly journals Methyl phenlactonoates are efficient strigolactone analogs with simple structure

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2319-2331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jamil ◽  
Boubacar A Kountche ◽  
Imran Haider ◽  
Xiujie Guo ◽  
Valentine O Ntui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
New Class ◽  
Agricultural Applications

abstract Strigolactones (SLs) are a new class of phytohormones that also act as germination stimulants for root parasitic plants, such as Striga spp., and as branching factors for symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Sources for natural SLs are very limited. Hence, efficient and simple SL analogs are needed for elucidating SL-related biological processes as well as for agricultural applications. Based on the structure of the non-canonical SL methyl carlactonoate, we developed a new, easy to synthesize series of analogs, termed methyl phenlactonoates (MPs), evaluated their efficacy in exerting different SL functions, and determined their affinity for SL receptors from rice and Striga hermonthica. Most of the MPs showed considerable activity in regulating plant architecture, triggering leaf senescence, and inducing parasitic seed germination. Moreover, some MPs outperformed GR24, a widely used SL analog with a complex structure, in exerting particular SL functions, such as modulating Arabidopsis roots architecture and inhibiting rice tillering. Thus, MPs will help in elucidating the functions of SLs and are promising candidates for agricultural applications. Moreover, MPs demonstrate that slight structural modifications clearly impact the efficiency in exerting particular SL functions, indicating that structural diversity of natural SLs may mirror a functional specificity.

scholarly journals Effect of Tillage System and Organic Matter Management Interactions on Soil Chemical Properties and Biological Activity in a Spring Wheat Short-Time Cultivation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7451
Author(s):  
Barbara Breza-Boruta ◽  
Karol Kotwica ◽  
Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Short Time

Properly selected tillage methods and management of the available organic matter resources are considered important measures to enable farming in accordance with the principles of sustainable agriculture. Depending on the depth and intensity of cultivation, tillage practices affect soil chemical composition, structure and biological activity. The three-year experiment was performed on the soil under spring wheat (cv. Tybalt) short-time cultivation. The influence of different tillage systems and stubble management on the soil’s chemical and biological parameters was analyzed. Organic carbon content (OC); content of biologically available phosphorus (Pa), potassium (Ka), and magnesium (Mg); content of total nitrogen (TN), mineral nitrogen forms: N-NO3 and N-NH4 were determined in various soil samples. Moreover, the total number of microorganisms (TNM), bacteria (B), actinobacteria (A), fungi (F); soil respiratory activity (SR); and pH in 1 M KCl (pH) were also investigated. The results show that organic matter amendment is of greater influence on soil characteristics than the tillage system applied. Manure application, as well as leaving the straw in the field, resulted in higher amounts of organic carbon and biologically available potassium. A significant increase in the number of soil microorganisms was also observed in soil samples from the experimental plots including this procedure.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) of forest clove rhizosphere from Maluku, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asri Subkhan Mahulette ◽  
Anggra Alfian ◽  
ABDUL KARIM KILKODA ◽  
IMELDA JEANETTE LAWALATA ◽  
DESSY ARIYANI MARASABESSY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Spore Count ◽  
Spore Number ◽  
Total Spore Count

Abstract. Mahulette AS, Alfian A, Kilkoda KA, Lawalata IJ, Marasabessy DA, Tanasale VL, Makaruku MH. 2021. Isolation and identification of indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) of forest clove rhizosphere from Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3613-3619. Forest clove is classified as wild-type and endemic to the Maluku (Moluccas) Islands, Indonesia. The different condition of growing areas causes various types of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) associated with forest clove. The study aimed to identify and obtain indigenous AMF inoculums from the forest clove rhizosphere from two distribution areas in Maluku. The results of AMF identification found two types of spores from the genus Glomus in the rhizosphere of forest cloves from Ambon Island with a spore density of 35/50 g of soil. In comparison, three spores were found in Seram Island, two from the genus Scutellospora and one from the Acaulospora. With an overall spore density of 5/50 g of soil. After culture trapping, there was a change in type and an increase in spore density in soil samples from the rhizosphere of the two forest clove distribution areas. Soil samples from Ambon after trapping culture obtained two new types of spores from the genus Acaulospora with a total spore number of 57/50 g soil while in soil samples from Seram found three new types of spores from the genus Glomus with a total spore count of 104/50 g of soil.

scholarly journals Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) in three agroecosystems with grass colosoana (Bothriochloa pertusa (L) A. Camus) in the department of Sucre

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
FREDIS ESPITIA D ◽  
ALEXANDER PEREZ C
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Compacted Soils ◽  
San Marcos

The present study evaluated the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated soils from three ecosystems grown with pasture colosoana in three localities of the Department of Sucre, Colombia. Soil samples were collected, AMF spores isolated, count of spore was made and morphotypes isolated were classification at the level of species or genera. We found that the genus of AMF over prevailing in native and compacted soils in the three selected municipalities is the genus Glomus, followed by other genera to a lesser extent. In general the soils that presented greater wealth of genres of HMA were those of the municipality of San Marcos, while the lowest richness was found in the municipality of Sincelejo.

The three types of liquid water in the surface of present Mars

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Möhlmann
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Pure Liquid ◽  
Interfacial Water ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Undercooled Liquid ◽  
Liquid Bulk ◽  
Physical Chemical

AbstractThermodynamics teaches that pure liquid bulk water cannot stably exist on the surface of Mars. However, it is shown by thermodynamic arguments that liquid water can exist, at least temporarily, in the upper surface of Mars, in form of: (a) undercooled liquid interfacial water (ULI water); (b) undercooled liquid water in cryo-brines; and (c) liquid bulk water (due to solid-state greenhouse subsurface melting) in the subsurface of ice areas, which are covered by a lid of solid ice only. The presence of these forms of liquid water on present Mars is discussed in detail and in view of the possible consequences for physical, chemical and eventual biological processes.

scholarly journals Impact of Land Use Intensity on the Species Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Agroecosystems of Central Europe

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 2816-2824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Oehl ◽  
Ewald Sieverding ◽  
Kurt Ineichen ◽  
Paul Mäder ◽  
Thomas Boller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Land Use Intensity ◽  
High Input ◽  
Continuous Maize

ABSTRACT The impact of land use intensity on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was investigated at eight sites in the “three-country corner” of France, Germany, and Switzerland. Three sites were low-input, species-rich grasslands. Two sites represented low- to moderate-input farming with a 7-year crop rotation, and three sites represented high-input continuous maize monocropping. Representative soil samples were taken, and the AMF spores present were morphologically identified and counted. The same soil samples also served as inocula for “AMF trap cultures” with Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium pratense, and Lolium perenne. These trap cultures were established in pots in a greenhouse, and AMF root colonization and spore formation were monitored over 8 months. For the field samples, the numbers of AMF spores and species were highest in the grasslands, lower in the low- and moderate-input arable lands, and lowest in the lands with intensive continuous maize monocropping. Some AMF species occurred at all sites (“generalists”); most of them were prevalent in the intensively managed arable lands. Many other species, particularly those forming sporocarps, appeared to be specialists for grasslands. Only a few species were specialized on the arable lands with crop rotation, and only one species was restricted to the high-input maize sites. In the trap culture experiment, the rate of root colonization by AMF was highest with inocula from the permanent grasslands and lowest with those from the high-input monocropping sites. In contrast, AMF spore formation was slowest with the former inocula and fastest with the latter inocula. In conclusion, the increased land use intensity was correlated with a decrease in AMF species richness and with a preferential selection of species that colonized roots slowly but formed spores rapidly.

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